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?h. 



HARVARD COLLEGE 
LIBRARY 




PROM THE FUND OF 

CHARLES MINOT 

a^ASS OF iSaS 




7W » Stuart Ubrary 
J'eacbam', Compkat Gen- 
tleznan 



Henry Frowdc, MA. 

Pttblifher co the Univerticy of Oxford 

London, Edinburgh, New York 

and Toronto 



"Peacham's 

Compleat 

Gentleman 

With an Introduction 
by G. S. Gordon 




c^/ the Clarendon Tress 

MCMVI 



»■ . I 




Oxtbrd 

Printed at the Clarendon Press 

By Horace Hart^ M.A. 

Princer co che Univerficy 



INTRODUCTION 

PEACHAM'S CbmpUdt Gmtlemdn is a record of the manners, 
education, and way of thinking of the better sort of Cavalier 
gentry before the Gril wars. It is also part of that great Literature 
of Coartesy which still awaits the discerning pen of some magnani- 
moas and sympathetic historian. The attempt to define the gentleman 
is as old as the institution of nobility itself) and every age, since 
licerature began, has claimed the right to make its own definition. 
For the gentleman is always the prot^gd of the age whose incense 
ke breathes } and he has his fashbns and his periods like everything 
eke which society creates. Achilles listening to the Centaur or 
Ulysses with Minerva at his elbow, the young Academicians of Athens, 
tke orators of O'cero and Qnintilian, are, if we look rightly, as much 
a prt of the varied and fascinating history of the gentleman as the 
Goortier of Castiglione and the ' Compleat Gentleman ' of Peacham, 
as Chesterfield's man of fashion and the beaus of the Georges. It is i 
an ape device, approved by Peacham, which represents the prince I 
frith a book in one hand and a sword in the other. With the latt?r we | 
9Xt not concerned } but just what this book may be, whether Pbto's 
if^mkik or the Bible, Gcero's Offi€ij or ^Aitntdit dt Gdmly matters every- 
thing. The fact that we preferred the Offices to the H^fmblk had a great 
dical to do with the character of the later Renaissance in England. 
The genius of Platonism, which had inspired the finest produas of 
Elizabethan poetry, went, as it had come, by the poets. With it 
went also the hey-day of the Renaissance gentleman, the Coonier, 
who fer the next half-century, as the Cavalier, had to struggle for 
kii very existence, and perished in his triumph at the Restoration. 
Tke Court of James I could never pretend to be what Elizabeth's 
kad been, the Academy of the nation ; and in its meaner atmosphere 

Surrey 



vi Introduction. 

Surrey and Wyatt would have found themselves as little at home as 
did Raleigh. The bitterness of political and religious strife shattered 
the unity of an ideal which had been the proudest ornament of the 
previous age ; there were henceforth two standards by which the 
gentleman was measured, and Cavalier and Puritan divided the 
suffrages of society. 

Other and less invidious causes had contributed to the change. 
In the history of the English gentleman the growth of the idea of 
Public Duty is almost as noticeable as his transformation into the 
Courtier. It had made some progress under Richard II, only to be 
miserably shattered in the wars of the succession; under the. 
Tudors it steadily made way, and when the troubles of religion began 
it threatened the destruction of everything that had made the 
/ gentleman an amiable companion and a courteous enemy. It was 
something of this feeling, joined to a narrow sort of nationalism, 
which inspired that sturdy band of ' Anglo-Saxons ', of whom Cheke 
and Ascham were the leaders. They had welcomed the revival of 
classical learning and could not help admiring the high ideal of the 
Courtier, drawn so splendidly by Castiglione ; but they feared the 
subtle genius of Italy, and her seducing influence on the morals d 
their country and the purity of the English tongue. As it turned 
out, their fear for English morals was ungrounded ; and Italy only 
made way for France, a much less worthy guest. 

We are left then with two schools of thought and manners, and 

two sets of rival teachers. *The most popular book in Cavalier 

circles,* says Professor Raleigh, in his " Introduction to Hoby'i 

transbtion of The CowrtitTy 'was Henry Peacham's Ctmfieat Gtm&man 

(i^ii), which ran through many editions, and was held in high 

j esteem by the courtiers of the Restoration. Richard Bnthwaite 

I in his English Gentleman (1^30) and English GentletPoman (i^3') 

i presented the Puritans wirh the draft of a character by no means 

1 destitute of polite accomplishments yet grounded at all points or 

' religious precepts.* With Brathwaite we need not much conceiT 

ourselve 



Introduction. vii 

oanclTcs ; he writes ' long polpic homilies, proving from the Bible 
that clothes are^the mark of man's corruption, that there is no 
greatness which has not a near rebtion to goodness, and that the 
only armoary that can truly deblazon a gentleman is to be fixind in 
aas of charity and devotion '. Bat Peacham is a man of quite anothet 
stamp, and he had fiir too much sense ever to imagine that ''tis only 
noble to be good '. He represents the best that was left of the ^ 

Renaissance. With Ascham he is a patriot and a reforming school- 
master; with the couniers of Elizabeth he believes in the gentleman 
bom, and in learning as the fountain of good counsel and the graces. 
It was his determination to rescue the gentleman ' from the tyranny 
of these ignorant times and from the common education ' that led 
him to write this book. On both of these his own life is perhaps as 
interesting a commentary as we could have. 

Henry Peacham was bom in 1 57^ at Nonhmimms in Hertfordshire, 
near St. Albans, the place, as he tells us, where 'merrie John Heywood' 
wrote his epigrams and Sir Thos. More his UtfU, He was the son 
of a clergyman, sometime rector of Leverton in Lincolnshire, and 
his school days were passed between St. Albans and London, under 
a variety of masters (jS we are to believe hu own account) of every 
shade of eccentricity. Above all his early and incorrigible k>ve of 
drawing brought him into constant trouble with his teachers: 'yet,' he 
assures us, ' could they never beate it out of me.' But it is the way 
with forward pupils that their reminiscences nearly always take the 
form of complaints j and he had at any rate profited so £ir as ro 
become at seventeen a Scholar of Trim'ty College, Cambridge, where 
he spent the next five yean, graduating B.A. in 159^ and MA. three 
years later. Here his favourite studies seem to have been Hisrory 
and Cosmography, and he spent much of hu time, like Hobbes at 
Oxford, hanging over maps ; but the lighter accomplishments tlen 
fiukkmable, the devising of Emblems, Impresas, and Anagrams, 
occupied some of his leisure. 

Some time before 1^00 he began his teaching as Master of the 

Free 



viii Introduction. 

Free School at Wymondham in Norfolk ; but it was not till six years 
later that he became an author, with the publication of Grafhici^ a 
treatise 'on drawing with the pen and limning in water-colours', 
republished as T}h Gentleman* s Exercise in i^ii and 1^34, and 
subsequently included in the 1661 edition of the present work. The 
treatise itself which was evidently popular, may perhaps be neg- 
lected J though the Third Book, a Dialogue on the Blazonry of Arms 
between an enlightened merchant. Cosmopolites, and a scholar, 
Eudaemon, who represents Peacham himself^ is interesting both on 
account of its literary form (sanctified for such gentlemanly subjects 
by the example of The Counter)^ and because, as is the way with 
dialogue, it is always straying from the main topic and giving us 
excellent things on the manners of the time. But to readers of 
the Cbmfieat Gentleman it is the Preface that will provide most 
interest. It is a kind of Declaratk>n of Independence in favour of 
the honest writing of textbooks. His principles, he declares, are 
his own, ' not borrowed out of the shops, but the very same Nature 
acquainted me withal from a child, and such as in practise I have 
ever found most easie and true.' As for the malice of rival artists, 
' the worst hurt they can do me,' he says, ' is to draw my Picture ill- 
favouredly.' It is the same man who set himself later to denounce 
the educational errors of his time, and who, in his Prefiice to the 
Cvmfkat Gentleman^ could throw in the face of his critics the brave 
words ' I care not j I have pleased myselfe '. 

In i^i I we find him contributing three pieces, one ' in the Utopian 
tongue ', to Thomas Goryat's ChtditUi ; and a year later he settled 
for a time in London in the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. He 
seems to have lived at this time partly by his pen, partly by tutoring 
young men for the University ; and he testifies to the happiness which 
he found in the friendship both of the £ithers and their sons. He 
tried also, in the £ishionof the time, to recommend himself at Court. 
In 1606 he had presented to young Prince Henry, the avowed 
patron of the arts, a rendering into Latin verse, ' with Emblems,' of 

his 



Introductiofi. ix 

his father's Sajiikon Dorotu Seven years bter, on this Prince's 
untimely death, he published an elegy, ^in sixe yisions,' entitled 
Tbi Pmod of Momming, His efforts seem to have met with some 
iDCcess. He was offered and accepted a commission to travel on 
the Continent as tator to the sons of Thomas Howard, Earl of 
Arandel, of Hannibal fiaskervilie, and others ; and until the end 
of 1^14 his time was spent in visiting the chief cities of Holland, 
France, and Italy. His longest stay seems to have been in the 
Low Countries, where he learned much and made many friends. 
His book is full of references to this visit ; he was a keen observer, 
and was interested in every form of life and art. Practical pedagogy 
and miliury formations, Dutch painting and the armorial eccen- 
tricities of ^mine old host at Amhem', the number of bncers in the 
armies of Spinob and the Prince of Orange,— everything was 
noted and remembered for future use. But it was at the table of 
Sir John Ogle, the Governor of Utrecht, that he learned most. 
Here resorted Khobrs and soUiers from all the northern nations, 
English, Scots, French, and Dutch } and their disputations (all the 
better for their being strangers to one another) ranged so freely 
over every topic of war£ire and the arts that, as Peacham says, 
* his table seemed many times a little Academy ' (p. i70* ^^ ^ 
a pity he did not keep a journal of his travek instead of bothering 
about the ^ Affaire of Oeve and Gulick ', of which he wrote 
a * most true relation ' on his return to London in 1^15. 

He did not find things very pleasant for him there ; a charge of 
having libelled the king was trumped up against him by a namesake, 
Edmmid Peacham, rector of Hinton St. George. It was proved to 
be £ilse ; but the episode cannot have tended to sweeten his view of 
life. How he lived at this rime in London we do not know : probably 
much as before. He still retained some considerable friends, among 
them the Earl of Anindel and his son, to the latter of whom the 
C^mfkitt GtmUmmt is dedicated; to others, of whom the best 
known are Thomas Dowbnd the musician and Inigo Jones, he had 

been 



X Introduction. 

been recommended J))r common tastes. His early inclination to 
vene, and the precious pastime of Emblems and Impresas, had never 
left him j of his Anagrams the reader may judge for himself by some 
specimens which he gives at p. ii% of this reprint. His last published 
essay in this sort of fashionable verse was a collection of 127 Epigrams, 
called Thalia*! Banquet^ which appeared in i^zo^ and he then 
expressed his intention of abandoning poetry for more serious and 
profitable studies. He was now forty-four, and freer than most people 
from the delusions of his age. He was widely and intelligently read, 
and master of a strong and forcible English which he knew how to 
alleviate with the saving grace of humour. His experiences abroad 
had widened his views, and forced upon him a comparison of the 
gentlemen of his own with those of other countries. It hurt him, 
both as an Englishman and as a firm believer in the merits of gentle 
birth, to see them come so ignominiously out of the balance. The 
story of the young English gentleman in Artoise is so well related by 
Peacham in his PreEice that it will not bear a second telling j it should 
be read as well for its own sake as for the influence which it had on 
Peacham*s mind. 

The result was the publication, in 1^22, of the Cbrnfleat Gentleman. 
It is, of course, primarily a guide to the gentlemanly arts and 
accomplishments, but a considerable motive in its composition was 
the desire to protest against slovenliness in the education of his time, 
and, by precept and example, to supply a remedy. The book became 
as popular as it deserved. It was issued again in 1616 and 1617 ^ a 
second and enlarged edition was published in 1^34, and a third, with 
additions on the art of Blazonry ' by a very good hand ', possibly 
Thomas filount, appeared in i^di, seventeen years after the author's 
death. If we believe the preface of M. S. to this posthumous edition, 
the book had to struggle against a powerful force of malice and 
censure, over which it was finally triumphant. The reference is no 
doubt to Puritan opposition, which ceased with the Restoration. 

Here, so far as the Cbmfieat Gentleman is concerned, the story of 

his 



Introductim. xi 

his life might very well come to an end. But what remained of it 
was neither uninteresting nor unproductive. The times grew hard, 
and he must have been sometimes very poor, fint the harder life 
became with him, the greater interest he seems to have taken in 
affairs about him ; and indeed hunger is a fine qnickener of the wits. 
He was affected, or at any rate profited, by the current frenzy of 
disputation. A number of tracts from his pen, of whimsical title, fill 
the years from 16^6^ when he published, anonymously, his Cuth 
€nd StdsHy to 1^41, the probable date of the most popular of all his 
works, Tin Wwnh 0/ a Pmy^ or a camkn to k^ monty. It was 
republished after his death in 166 ^^ and seven editions appeared in 
the next Ibrty years, the last in 1703. As a traa on the shifts of the 
indigent and the shady side of contemporary life it woukl be hard 
to find its equal for wit, vigour, and keenness of observation. It 
may now be read in Arber's EngUth Camrr (vol. vi, 1883). Tht 
^rt of Living in London^ which appeared in the next year, deab 
with the same topics. There seemed to be no place for the okl man 
any longer. His former patrons, if they were not dead, had other 
things to do than attend to decayed scholars ; nobody wanted his 
Emblems, and hu ' Thalia's banquets ' were as fiir as possible from 
having a relish for Puntan palates. Nothing but that mixture of 
artistic feeling with a naturally robust sense of the realities of life 
(the peculiar compound which made the Renaissance gentleman so 
much of a novelty) could have kept his wit so keen and his observa- 
tion so fresh. Low life, it would seem, foses half its terrors for the 
man who can grasp its crude and subterranean phifosophy: a 
phifosophy to be found in its purity nowhere in English save in the 
works of Fiekling He was never married ; and died, we cannot 
doubt \t^ in poverty, about 1^44. 

We are better able now to appreciate the characteristics of the 
book. The double motive of the Cavalier and the Schoolmaster is 
evident in the opening chapters. The union of nobility and sound 
learning n declared to be the only surety of a country's gfory ; and 

history 



xii Intr^dmctkn. 

hiscory^ boch ucrcd and piofiuie, eren tiw onler of namre itseU^ if 
invoked to bestow n% approval on this happy marriage. To hold 
great pbce, we are reminded, b to he Eke the Son, ^ so in new of 
all that his lease eclipse b taken to a nrnmre'; and an ignoiant 
nobleman b compared to a blind man at the merqr of die hof 
whose tyti and ean he h or i ow s . It was here that Peacham fixuid 
hb difficultx. Of nobles and gentlemen there was plenty in 
Engbnd, and of excellent parts ; hot as fer ^ that sweet bride, good 
Learning,' she seemed impossUe to oome by. The common edo- 
cation presented to him an almost nni form qiectacle of confiuioo 
and error — masten who did not onderstand their woik, and parents 
who did not know their doty. Can any wonder, he asks, that the 
pedagogue b become a regnlar subject of comedy, when he has 
either no knowledge to give, or, if he has knowledge, cannot 
impart it; when, above all, he cannot even speak hb own 
langoage withoot the grossest solecbms ? He especially denounces 
that ^carterly jndgment' of the master who sets hb papib ^like 
horses in a teame, to draw all alike,' keeping only ^ some one or two 
prime and able wits, a^roScSoKroc, which he cub out to admiration if 
strangers come, as a Costardmonger his £urest Pippins ' (pp. 21-3). 
Meanwhile parents grambled at a state of things for which they were 
in £ict largely responsible. Most gentlemen, we are told, ^ will give 
better wages and deale more bountifully with a felk>w who can but 
teach a Dogge,or reclaim an Haw ke, than upon an honest, learned, and 
well qualified man to bring up their children ' ; and thb, k b dryly 
suggested, may be the reason why 'Dogges are able to make Syllogbmes 
in the fields, when their young Masters can conclude nothing at home ' 
(p. 52). And while they starve the tutor, they indulge hb pupil, 
who b sent to the University, sometimes before hb teens, with so 
much in hb purse and so little in hb head that after four or ^yt years 
there ^ he returns home as wbe as .A^nmmius his Asse, that went with 
hb Master every day to the Schoole, to heare Origm and PorphyrU 
reade Phibsophy ' (p. 32). Thb chapter on the Duty of Parents b 

one 



Introduction. xiii 

one of the best in the book ; and neither it nor the next. Of 
M CintkmMns cMrrUgt in the Unrvtrsity, can ever be anything but 
Kodem. He opens with a little fkxirish, as befits the importance of 
the matter. The young gentleman, ' having passed that, I imagine, 
Lsmhtu frnmrum^ and those perilloos pikes of the Grammar roles,' n 
on the point of setting oat for the University \ his horse stands 
ready bridled, and Peacham proposes, as a well-wisher to him and 
CO his studies, to ' turn the head of his discourse ' and bear him 
company some part of the way. As they proceed he beguiles the 
journey with kindly advice, which is less concerned with the young 
schobr's future labours than with his friendships and recreations. 
Peacham was really sorry lor ^ t&ese young things ', as he calk them, 
* of twelve, thirteene or iburteene, that have no more care than to 
expect the next Carrier, and where to sup on Fridayes and Fasting 
nights : no further thought of study, than to trimme up their 
studies with Pictures, and pbce the Surest Bookes in openest view, 
which, poore Lads, they scarce ever opened, or nndersund not; 
that when they come to Logicke, and the crabbed grounds of Arts, 
there is such a disproportion betweene ^rittuUs Ckitgtmi^ and their 
childish capacities, that what together with the sweetnesse of hliertie, 
varietie of companie, and so many kinds of recreation in Towne and 
Fiekk abroad . . . they proove with Hvmtrs Wilknr wX«rurapiroc, and 
as good goe gather Cockles with OilifuUs people on the Sand, as yet 
CO attempt the difficulties of so rough and terrible a passage ' (p. 33). 
The ordinary undergraduate n older nowadays \ but is he then so 
very unlike his youthful ancestor ? 

The rest of the book is devoted to the instruaion of the gentle- 
man, ' 6shioning him absolut,' as the title-page runs, * in the most 
necessary and commendable Qualities concerning Minde or Body.' 
Both in arrangement and in method it is characteristic of its author 
and of his age. There is no attempt to give a complete and 
artistically finished portrait such as we get in Ttw C^mrtkri the 
textbook arrangement prechided any such high design, and we are 

left 



xlv Iniroduction. 

Irh III riiiinr ihr result for ourselves. By his method also we are 
rrinliiiirii nl the fiH)rinous difference between a really practical age 
(ftUih A\ all gieui ^jf^ti are) and one, like his own, which \s merely 
Uftf till. It ik never the really great age that makes most play with 
lh« nuHivr of uiiliiy i and Peacham is distinguished from his . 
|ni»drvf»M)rA oC the Renaissance by nothing more than by this, that 
uillliy h hi& prime and unratUng test of the validity of his scheme. 
Ihr deiriminaiiiMi thus to recommend some study leads him 
4H\4ikhnul(>' in^^ the \)uaintest passages. Bodin is quoted to tell of 
]i\Mur ^ who have leaweit^l their healthes by reading of History ', and 
\\kt example \k cite\i ixf that King Alphonsus who by ^ the onely 
If adu\< \\l l^iut. CUrlius ' was cured of a very dangerous fever. * II 
I wmki have been )\> rid,' our author comments slyly, 'of my Lite 
^uaitan Aj(ue« I wvmkl have said with the same good King : Valeat 
AvK^iuu^ vivat i^lltius.' Then thenr is the rale of TelesilLi in 
l^luuixh wtK« >Ma^ cuied vVf sickness by nothing ebe than poctnr, 
and ^K u UKN9k« \ritjuue that thcvse «h^> arc stung vtch the Toran- 
luU aif \U)\>i KHiet> b> Muskke V Even it Peackun ofih holt' 
btWvtsi th<«<^ sti.vtes« aivi %tr$JinM them ^ a soct o< * mecicfzul 
Ih ' K>ki ui the \auye ot* e4tKacva^ it s» s;gttidcjLac ec the sczze of 
tfifWMi^M at t^" tutt^' tiac thes« s^*Tteo» «? ch>f coasr skxzji i^r? 
t4bk«M iAm^ (NkitKU^; Ckvttt juBii clu t^ sV jiL V i i^T • bccB caicix^ 

y*\\Afciiw»|t tVe )a»e>t ;iri5t>K «jbc » ollbuao? w!riL r^ic «tn£ <x xxocnt* 

M vslic ^<:«i^b»MttvT: x** '•^^k ric jeuctrtBOit i^rauiaR: rt'Cnsv's s:3&:iur> 

W ii«^ Xmj^ ;«^ ihttM^iMttC X ii> <r«3: idua> ohl =le ierrc: 2* 
V«|j^ a*» 5i2W3c^ s^ »iNialo «.*c' iosctfur? itni. :afi its mi&c '3«s liwi^Ji 



mnr 






\ 



Introduction. xv 

incor the charge, as Peacham puts it, of deserting the Mistress to 
make love to tht Maid. The distinction is one which has always 
come home to Englishmen, and which is still maintained by our older 
UniTersities as the foundation of most of their teaching. It is not 
proposed, for instance, that the gentleman should rival tht professional 
musician. ^ I desire no more in you,' he says, ^ than to sing your part 
sure, and at the first sight, withall, to play the same upon your Violin 
or the exercise of the Lute, privately to yourselfe.' And so with the 
rest of his studies. What then, we ask, were those ' more serious 
employments' of which we hear so much? To answer [this question \ ^ 

from Peacham is by no means easy. The gentleman, as we gather, 
was expected to be ready with sword or counsel at the call of his 
Prince and of the Commonwealth. He must be well enough versed 
in knightly accomplishments to bring his country no discredit in 
foreign courts and camps. And so he would remain, in vague 
portrait, a respectable but undersized descendant of hu Renaissance 
ancesror, if it were not for one thing, which we become aware of 
slowly, but which is fundamental. The decay of the Courtier had 
given a new settlement to the long-standing quarrel of Court and 
Country, and the result was that excellent person who in the seven- 
teenth century saved England and astonished Europe, and has won 
ever since their respea and admiration, Peacham's ideal, the 
enlightened and public-spirited Country Gentleman. The most 
definite demand that Peacham makes on behalf of public economy 
(a demand which King Charles I transbted into law), is contained 
in his reproach against those lords of manors who appear ' but as 
Cuckoes in the Spring, one dme in the yeere to the Countrey and 
their Tenants, leaving the care of keeping good houses at Christmas 
CO the honest Yeomen of the Countrey'. And as if ro remove any doubts 
we still might have of the correctness of our interpretation, there if 
that fine declaration of £uth, written, when Peacham was still a young 
nan, in his book on paindng. 5 1 ever took delist,' he says, ^ in 
chose Pieces that shewed to the life a Country Village, Fair, or 

Market, 



xvi Introduction. 

Market, Bergamascas Cookery, Morrke dancing, Peasants together by 
the eares, and the like ' (Graphkey i. 1 1), The picture is complete $ 
it is one which does equal honour to our author's heart and to his head. 

Now in a character so sturdy and so essentially national a cos- 
mopoliun culture would clearly be outof place. The basis of the gentle- 
man's education is national also j and the beginning of everything 
is the speaking and writing of good English. His modeb must be 
Sir Thomas More, Sir PhUip Sidney, fiacon, Hooker, and Danieh 
whose native strength and purity of idiom will save him, it is hoped, 
from the bankruptcy of many scholars of the time, of whom Peacham 
says, that to have heard them discourse in public or at table, ' you 
would have thought you had heard Loy talking to his Pigges, or 
John dt intUgint decbiming in the praise of wild-geese j otherwise 
for their judgement in the Arts and other tongues very sufficient ' 
(p. 53). So in his chapters on History and on Travel. He is deeply 
convinced of the felly of studying the history of foreign countries, 
while remaining a stranger to the history of one's own j and he 
notes with gusto the story of old Lord Treasurer Burleigh, who, 
< if any one came to the Lords of the Counsell for a Licence to travaile, 
hee would first examine him of England j if hee found him ignorant, 
would bid him stay at home and know his owne countrey first.* 

It was this feeling which made Peacham and other enlightened 
men of the time so eager to see England able one day to educate 
her gentlemen within her own borders. Not that he is averse to 
travel, as the last polish to a liberal education. Peacham was none 
of your timid creatures, then so rife in England, who dread the 
effect of foreign opinions and manners on the delicate virtue of 
their sons ; and the bliss of the stay-at-home is after all, as he %ctSy 
a mere fmrorum htatitudo. But one of his chief recommendations of 
the practice (a dubious satisfaction certainly to the intending 
traveller) is that it confirms his affeaion for his own country. 

This national feeling comes out most strongly of all when he deals 
with the arts proper and their place in his gentleman's education. 

He 



Introducfioti. xvii 

He does noc attempt to conceal his resentment at the arrogance of 
Italy, and her boastful claims to a pre-eminence which he regarded 
as by no means assured. In Music, backed by the merits of 
native anists such as Doctor Dowland and 'our Phoenix M. 
UnUUm Byrd\ he certainly makes something of a fight. With 
Painting the case was very different. There was nothing for it but 
submission, and he yieUs so far as to give his pupil (what must have 
been not very easy to come by) a series of little lives of the Italian 
pointers, inteUigently compiled and enlivened withgood anecdotes. We 
read again of the blacksmith of Antwerp, whom love made a painter 
and painting got a wife, and of the pleasant revenge of Orgagna, 
who ' painted the Judgement, where hee pbced in hell most of his 
bti that had molested him '. Peacham loved a good story ; and he was 
£ir too good a schoolmaster to be above making his lessons amusing. 
One of the most valuable chapters in the book is that entitled Of 
,yfh$i^ikf. In Peacham's day, as in Gibbon's, it was a fact that 
fiilly to appreciate statuary one must cross the Alps. But the very 
piactical remedy associated in our own time with the names of Lord 
Elgin and Sir Charles Newton had already been applied with notable 
success by two English noblemen, Peacham's patron the Earl of 
Arundel, and 'that noble and absolutely compleat Gentleman Sir 
Kenhelme Digby Knight.' In Greece, we are told, and the other 
prts of the Grand Signior's dominions, statues might be had for the 
digging and carrying ; and this laudable effort to ' transplant old 
Greece into England ' enjoyed the active favour of King Charles him- 
self upon whom ' a whole army of okl fbrraine Emperours, Captaines, 
and Senaton ' had been forced to wait in his palace of St. James. 
The gardens and galleries of Arundel House became a museum of 
ancient artj nor were the severer sides of antiquity neglected. 
Statues and coins were preserved with equal care ; and the very 
walls inlaid with inscriptions, 'speaking Greeke and Latine to you.' 
Hubert le Sueur, *his Majesties Servant now dwelling in St. 
Banhokimewes London,' a pupil of John of Bofegna and, according 

b to 



xviii Introducttm. 

to Peacham, the best statuary that ever this country enjoyed, was 
kept busy casting models in brass for the King's gardens. One of 
the proudest possessions of York House was a collection of ' Romane 
heads ' and statues, lately the property of Rubens, who had used 
them as models for some of his paintings. The impetus which these 
importations gave to the intelligent study of history and the arts 
is strikingly evident in our author himself 'Repare to the old 
Coynes,* he cries, in a sentence which has the true flavour of Elia $ 
' for bookes and histories and the like are but copyes of Antiquity 
bee they never so truely descended unto us : but coynes are the very 
Antiquities themselves ' (pp. 123-4). It gratified him also to observe 
the more intimate and practical appreciation of the arts which was 
growing up under the early Stuarts. The opportune action of en« 
lightened noblemen such as Arundel and Digby he regarded with 
justice as nothing less than a public blessing. It soon became as 
necessary for a gentleman to make himself acquainted with the 
great examples of painting and sculpture as to be able to draw 
a tasteful emblem or turn an amorous sonnet. 

There is one feature of the book which Peacham regarded as of vital 
importance, but of which we have as ytt said nothing. Two chapters^ 
one of them by far the longest of all, are devoted to a practical 
dissertation on the science of Heraldry and the Blazonry of Arms. 
He is as keen in his vindication of the Chevron as in his defence of 
Poetry 5 and nothing, he argues, can more emphatically convict a 
gentleman of degeneracy and stupidity than to be ignorant of a 
science which commemorates ancestry and the rise of families, and 
symbolizes the permanence of nobility. Into his more romantic 
musings on this theme — 'in substance the most refined part of 
Natunill Philosophie, . . . sympathizing with every Noble and generous 
disposition * — it would perhaps be difficult to follow him. And yet 
there were several of his contemporaries whose heraldic imagination 
carried them still farther. Gibbon, in his Autobiography, dwells with 
a certain dignified satisfaction on an ancestor of his, one John 

Gibbon^ 



Introduction. xix 

Gibbon, who lived at this time. Like Peacham a Cambridge 
graduate and a tutor in a noble £imily, he too visited the Low 
Countries, and, more enterprising than our author, even sailed as £ir 
as the Virginia Colony. It was here, as he gazed with curious 
sarprise on the tattooed figures and shields ofsome Indian war-dancers, 
that he reached the eternal and ultimate ground of the science 
to which he subsequently devoted his life. ' I concluded,' he says, 
* that heraldry was ingrafted luuunUfy into the sense of human race.* 
Such extravagances may well raise a smile $ but the attempt to 
regard Heraldry as a branch of philosophy has a decayed grandeur 
about it which ought to save it at least fiom contempt. If it does 
not do so, then thn Qmntt must remain on the whole a farce. 
Sir Walter Scott has written in vain, and Lamb was wrong about 
Thomas Tame of the South Sea House, who was in reality merely 
conceited and a prig. 

But there was another side to the question which we must not • 
neglect. It must not be forgotten that Heraldry was still in I 
Peacham's time a regular and useful part of a gentleman's technical 
education. Without it he was sure to be found tripping in the 
courtesies and conversation of society i without it, as Peacham per^ 
linently asks. What c^nld he have done in the Wars of the Roses ? 
Even a merchant like Cosmopolites coukl conceive a desire to learn 
the science and a use to which it might be put. ' The prindpall 
use,' he remarks, < that I would make of this skill is, that when 
I come into an old decayed Church or Monastery (as we have plenty 
in EmgUni) or Gentlemans house, I might rather busy my self in 
viewing Arms, and matches of Houses in the windows or walls, 
then lye boots and spurs upon my bed in my Inne, or over look mine 
Hostcs shoulder at Irish. Moreover being a Gentleman my sellQ 
I have been many times asked my Coat, and except I should have 
shewed them my jerkin, I knew not what to say ' (Gmiiemdm'i Exmittj 
Wu i). Other causes contributed to give it in the tyt% of its votaries 
a perhaps fictitious importance. The levelling of classes which went 

on 



. an( 



XX Introduction. 

on so stabbomly in England, Germany, and the Low Countries in 
the last two centuries was accompanied by the most irreverent 
invasion of the sacred ground of Heraldry by ' intrusive upstarts, 
shot up with the last night's mushroom '. Dutch shopkeepers and 
German artisans invented or assumed in the most casual manner 
any coat of arms that pleased their fancy. To Peacham this was 
one of the most intolerable abuses of a rather degenerate age. His 
purism in the matter was only partly anriquarian ; he thought he 
saw in this armorial confusion symptoms of a democradcal liberty ^ 
hostile to the institution with which he identified his country's glory, 
the beautiful and beneficent stracture of nobility. The growing 
divisions in Church and State, which tended steadily, as such 
troubles do, to be a division between classes, gave some reality to 
these remote speculations. Even in the everyday life of the street 
a certain anarchy was visible. ^I have myself met an ordinary 
tapster,' says Cosmopolites again, ' in his silk stockins, garters deep 
fringed with gold lace, the rest of his apparell suteable, with cloak 
lined with velvet, who took it in some scorn I should take the wall of 
him, as I went ak>ng in the street, — what shall now our Couruers 
and Gentlemen think of themselves ? ' (Gentleman*! Exercitey iiL 6). 
It Viy then, with profound sincerity that Peacham expresses his 
gradtude to the Earls Marshal of England for their reformarion 
of armorial improprieties. But for their prompt aaion in the y 
matter, he solemnly declares, ^we should I feare me within 
these few yeeres, see Yeomen as rare in EngUndy as they are in 
France* (p. I^i). 

We may hope by this time that we have read too far in the 
character of Peacham's gentleman and of Peacham himself to be 
misled by that common way of talking, which speaks of the Cavalier 
and the Puritan as if each was just precisely what the other was not. 
His ideal edacatio n is p rrounded upon relif>«^ " ; thr grntlrmin mmr 
fear God a s wel Tas honour the K infy. And Peacham can be quite 
aJarmingky sententious at rimes! He cannot conclude a harmless 

lesson 



Introductiofu xxi 

ksson in Geography without remarking on the stapendoos insig- 
nificance in the Universe of oar planet, 'poore little point as it is/ 
where nevertheless we are ^at perpetual warre and strife among 
our selves, who (like the Toad) shall £ill a sleep with most earth in 
his pawes ' (p. 71)- And this gravity, which is never the peculiar 
possession of either party in an age of controversy, comes out in 
the most nnexpeaed pbces. The opening sentences of his chapter 
00 Poetry remind os of a quarrel which was old in the days of 
Plata The vidssitndes of Pbets and Poetry are familiar features 
of every age \ we are not so well accustomed to seeing both x\i^ one 
and the other flatly in disgrace, and obliged to defend their very 
tide to exist. But the zeal of securianism, content with nothing less 
than the whole range of man's life, atucked Poetry, as it did Music 
and Architecture, in the tume of an arbitrary scheme which included 
no beauty but a distorted beauty of holiness. Sidney had thought it 
necessary, in 1980, to write in her defence } and Peacham, forty 
years later, (tli it more imperative than ever to take up the challenge. 
hk>r does he care to mince matters. It would seem to be enough for 
him that Pbetry is the child of divine inspiration, and that there have 
been many, *as well from the Pknr as Palbce,* excellently endowed 
with this gift, <yet not knowing (if yon should aske the question) 
whether a Mmtflmrt be flesh or fish.' His treatment of the English 
poets of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries shows taste and sanity. 
Whether he had studied or even read Chaucer has been questioned ; 
if he had done neither, he at any rate displays good judgement in his 
choke of pnegyric, and a commendable desire that his pupils' ignor- 
ance shonU not perpetuate his own. Chaucer is praised, as well for 
Us < delicate kemell of conceit and sweet invention ' as because he 
was a man who * saw in those times, without his spectacles '• And 
*in briefe', he concludes, 'account him among the best of your English 
bookes in your library ' (p. 94). This is as fiir as possible from the 
•eme mi o u s view of ancient poetry which he borrows from the too 
hastily deified Scaliger— the view which sees in VirgiFs poem mainly 

4n 



v! 



xxii Introductim. 

an attempt 'to make the lewd honest', and in Horace the greatest of 
all ancient lyricists, because he is 'more accurate and sententioas 
than Pindar*, fiut in the representative list which he gives of English 
poets we cannot help being stnick with the absence of certain names 
now accounted among the greatest of alL There is not a word of 
Marlowe or Jonson or even of Shakespeare : in fact not a single 
pbywright is mentioned anywhere. And it was not Scaliger who 
taught him this sentence : that the true use and end of Poetry is 
' to compasse the Songs of Sion^ and addresse the fruit of our inven- 
tion to his glory who is the author of so goodly a gift ' (p. 80). We 
find ourselves confronted with Milton's ideal in the mouth of a 
Cavalier j and we explain it to ourselves by the fact that party strife 
is not coincident with the whole life of man, and that Peacham, 
like many another Cavalier, was touched with the conscience of his age. 
Look lastly at his chapter 0/ J^epmation and Otrriage^ where 
he gives the final strokes to a portrait that is by no means of the 
popular Cavalier order. Temperance, Moderation, and Frugality 
(the appointed guardians of his virtue) are qualities which, however 
well they may wear, have never yet excited either the surprise or the 
admiration of men. Nor were we prepared to hear the Prince of 
Orange, with his ' plaine gray cloake and Hatt, with a greene feather \ 
and the general Spinola, with his merchant's ' plaine suite of blacke \ 
recommended as models of Cavalier dress (p. 227). Peacham's 
residence in the Low Countries had evidently had a sobering efiect 
upon his eye. But it is when he speaks of Friendship that he 
surprises us most. Nothing is more noticeable in his character of 
the gentleman than the entire absence of that motive of Love for 
woman which during some centuries gave the knight his point of 
honour and which inspired the philosophy of The Cbimier. But just 
as we are reflecting that there have been men, and poets among 
them, who have preferred the paler beauties of the moon to the 
sun's splendour, and that Friendship at any rate is left, he meets us 
with this bitter sentence of advice : ' therefore hold friendship and 

acquaintanc 



Introduction. 



XX 111 



acquaintance with few . . . but endeare your selfe to none ; gattdehu 
mmus^ minus i$Ms* (p. 113). 

It is pleasant to feel that this was not his final judgement, and to 
be able to quote from a pamphlet written nineteen years after, ' 
when want and he had been long acquainted, this remarkable ' 
declaration of his belief: ' And as a necessary Rule hereto coin- 
cident, let every Man endeavour by dutiful diligence to get a Friend; | 
and when he hath found him (neither are they so easily found in 
these Days) with all care to keep him, and to use him, as one would 
do a Crystal or Ktmct Glass, to take him up softly, and use him 
tenderly } as yon would a Sword of excellent Temper and Mettle, 
not to hack every Gate, or cut every Staple or Post therewith, but 
to keep him to defend yon in your extreamest Danger* {H^mrth •/« 
Aipr, p. 18). These words were among the bst he ever wrote, and 
leave us with a pleasant recollection of this oU Cavalier School- 
master. 

G. S. GORDON. 



NOTE 



%* *#* The basis of the present reprint was an 
imperfect copy in private hands of the 1^34. edition ot 
The Cimphat Gentleman^ supplemented by a perfect copy 
in the Bodleian Library. The edition of 1(^34. was 
collated throughout with that of Blount published in i66u 

In order that Delaram the engraver may not be held 
responsible for the defects in the frontispiece prefixed 
to the edition of lifj^, the frontispiece of the first 
edition (i6ix) has also been reproduced here, facing 
that of iC'i^ It will be seen that the defects in later 
editions are chiefly due to alterations roughly made in 
the original plate. 

The pagination, which is very faulty in the original, 
has been corrected in the present reprint. 



THE 

COMPLEAT 

GENTLEMAN. 

Fafhioning him abiblut^ in the moft necella- 

ry and commendable Qualities concerning 

Minde or Body, that may be required 

in a Noble Gendeman. 

WHEREVNTO IS ANNEXED A DE- 

fcription of the order of a Maine Battaile or 

Pitched Field, eight feverall wayes: with the 

Art of Limmiog and other Additions 
newly Enlarged. 

BY 

Htnry Peacham Maftcr of Arts: Sometime 

of Trinitie Colledge in Cambridge. 

imutilu §limy 



Ne viJemr vixifft- 



LONDON, 

Printed for Francis Onjiable, and are to bee fold at his 

Ihoppc in Famis Church-yard, at the figne of 

the Crane, i ^ ) +• 

c 



The Compleat Gentleman^ whole 

Titles are contained in thefe 
Chapters following. 

^ Chap. I .r\F Nobilitie in GeneraU p>. i]. ' 
Chap. 2\^0^tbe dignitie andnecefittie rfLear^ 

mng in Pnnces and NobiUtie [p. 1 8]. 
Chap. 3. The time of Learning [p. ai]. 
Chap. 4. The dutie of Parents in their Childrens 

Education [p. 30]. 
Chap.f. Of a Gentlemans carriage in the Fniver^ 

//*V[p- 38]. 
Chap.tf . Offtile inj^eakingy vmtingy and reading 

Hi/iofy (Tp. 42] 
Chap. 7. Of Cofmography [p. js'} 
Chap. 8. Of memorable Obfervatton infurvey of 

the Earth [p. 66^ 
Chap. 9. Of Geometry [p. 7 a]. 
- Chap. 10. Of Poetry [p. 78]. 
Chap. I !• OfMu/cke [p. 9*]. 
Chap. 1 2. Of Statues and MedaHs [p. 104]. 
Chap. ii> Of Drawing and Painting in Oyle 

[P- "4]. 
Chap. 14. Offundry Bla^onnes both Ancient and 

Modem [p. 1/4]. 
Chap. If. Of jfrmaty or Blading jirmes\2* i^o]. 
Chap. 16. OfExercife of Body [p. 213]. 
' Chap. 17. Of refutation and carriage [p. 221]. 
Chap. 18. OfTrauaile [p. 23^]. 
Chap. 19. Of Warn [p. 24*]. 
Chap. 20. Of Fijbing [p. 2 y7]. -'^ 




Ad optima ^eij generofijArmeque indoUs 

adokfcentem^ Dom. Gulielmum Howard, 

illufmjf. ac veri honoratijf. Thomas Co- 

mitts Arundelias, fummi totius Anglic 

Marefchalliy (Sc. filium fecundo^ 

genitum. 



lugemioy gemio^ dum vk Generofis hsieriy 
Imgentta h^c difcM^ ingeniofe puer. 

Stemma mhily cultk animmn niji morihus omeSy 
Ei fiud€4t fiud^s noUlitare genus. 



TO 







^(jpOi 4£$« j^^Pfr i^^iPOt ^iPft 4^.jp6t^ j^ ^e^^ 



TO THE TRVLY NOBLE 

and moft hopefiill Knight of the Ho- 
nourable Oroer of the Bathe, William 

Howard, fcoond fonne to the Right Ho- 
nourable Thomas Etrk of Aran Jell 
and Smrrey^ Earle MmflMiU of 
England, &c. 

Hat Motive (Noble Sir) may 
induce others in their Dedi- 
cations, I know not: fure 
I am none other hath incited 
mec, then the regard of your 
owne worth, and that native 
ingcnuitie and goodnefle of 
Spirit I haue e\'er perceived in you, (ince it 
was my ^poA hap to enjoy your acquaintance, 
and to Ipend fome houres with you at your 
Booke in Nonptch^ where you had your 
education under the Reverend, Religious, 
and my Honourable good Lord, the then 
Lord Uilhop of Normch. And indeed, to 
whom of right ihould rather appertaine thefe 
my InflruHtonsy (in regard of their fubjed, 
which is the Miioning of Nobilitie after 
the heft prefidents) then to your felfe, every 

c 5 way 




Stmem, Odg 3 



The Eptflle Dedicatory. 

way fo Nobly defcended. Befide, it is 
affirmed, that there are certaine fparkes and 
fecret feeds of vertue innate in Princes, and 
the Children of Noble perfonages j which 
rif cherifhed, and carefully attended in the 
Dloflbme) will yeeid the fruit of Induftry 
and glorious Aiflion; and that not onely 
above the ftrength of the vulgar, but even 
in the Cion, and before the time which 
Nature hath appointed So AchiUes^ while 
he was yet very yoimg, undertooke to ihoote 
the fierceft Lions and Boares; and was fo 
nimble on foote, that he was able to take 
a wilde Beaft without either Toyle or Dogge. 
iMiiM/ Miif^ai. Alexander alfo, when an .Egyptian Prieft 
" "^^ f aluted him, being very young, by the names 

of Sonne and Childe, replyed j But you ihall 
finde me a Man before the walles of Athens. 
nijiw.T.«y.3. But to omit Heathenifh examples, Salomon^ 
wee reade, when he was but even a child, 
begged wifedome of God, and grace to 
goveme well : and IgnatiuSy that holy Martyr 
writeth, how that Salomon was fcarce twelve 
yeeres of age, when he decided that hard 
controverfie betweene the two Harlots. Nor 
was lojias above 8. yeres old, when hee 
walked religioufly before God. And mee 
thinkes (Sirj as m that Cornelian Stemme 
(whereof iSr^w was faid to be the top,) In quo 

{ut 



m vtts 
JlltxMHdri. 



vtr. 9. 



Efifi, cof. 3. 



Cictn. 



The Ep^le Dedicatory. 

{ut plura genera in unam arborem) videtur infita 
muharum t/iumina tafapientia) zlrczdy yon grow 
apace : refledling, as from a faire GJafle, that 
princely moderation and honefty of heart j 
of the good Duke vour great Grand-^ther, 
the Honourably difpoled minde of my Lord, 
your Noble Father : together with his love 
and admiration, of whatfoever is honeft or 
excellent : fo that verily you need no other 
patterne to the abfolute (Iiaping of your felfe, 
then the Ima^ of your Forefiithers. But 
as Jr^otle faith of the Vine^ by how much ^f.mEiUck. 
it is laden with Clufters, by fo much it hath 
need of props : fo fay I of Greatnefle and 
Nobilitie, (ever fruitfully and apt to abund- 
ance) it hath hourely need of fumx>rt and 
helpe, by all timely advice and inftrudlion, 
to guide and uphold it from lyin^ along. 

Wherefore, fince the Fountame or all 
Counfell and Initrudlion (next to the feare 
of God) is the knowledge of good Learning ; 
whereby our afiedtions are perfwaded, and 
our ill manners mollified: I heere prefent 
you with the firft and plaineft Diredions 
(though but as fb many keies to leade you 
into £sLTrc fairer roomes) and the reaaieft 
Method I know for your Studies in generall, 
and to the attaining of the moft commendable 
qualities that are requifite in every Noble or 

Gentleman. 



The Epjfile Dedicatory. 

Gentleman. Nothing doubting, but that 
after you have heerein feene the worth and 
excellence of Learning, how much it addeth 
to NobiUtie'y what errors are hourely com- 
mitted through Iffiorance j how fweet a thing 
it is to converfe with the wifeft of all Ages 
by Hiftory; to have infight into the molt 
pleafmg and admirable Sciences of the Mathe- 
matiquesy Poetry ^ PiSurOy Heraldtyydic. (where- 
of I heere intreat together with the moil 
commendable exercife of the body; with 
other generall directions for Carriage, Tra- 
vaile, &c.) you will entertaine this difcourfe, 
as nyjfes did Minerva at his elbow : as your 
guide to knowledge the ground, not only of 
me fweeteft, but the happieft life. And 
thou^ I am adured there are numbers, who 
(notwithftanding all the Bookes and Rules in 
the world) had rather then behold the face 
of heaven, bury themfelves in earthly floath, 
and bafeft idlenefle j yet Sir William Howard 
at the leaft, let us recover you from the 
tyranny of thefe ignorant times, and from 
tne common Education j which is, to weare 
the bell cloathes, eate, fleepe, drinke much, 
and to know nothing. I take leave, from 
my houfe at Hogfdon by Londctiy May 30. 
Who isy andjhall bee ever your Sy 

Henry Peachem. ' 
• <sic> T*- 





To my Reader. 

Am not ignorant [Judicious 
J{eader) hofw manspeeces of the 
mofi curious Ma/ters have been 
uttered to the world of this Sub- 
ieSy as Plutarch, Erafmus, 
Vives, Sadolet, Sturmius, 
Ofbrius, Sir Thomas Eliot, 
M. Askham, withfundby others; fo thatmyjmall 
Taper among fo many TorcheSy were asgoodouty as 
feeming to give no bght at all. I confejje it true. 
But as rare and curums fiamps upon Coynes ^ for 
their varietie andflrangenejjey are daily enquired 
after^ and bought up^ though the Silver bee all one 
and common with ours : jo fares it with BooteSy 
which [as Meddailes) beare the PiHures and de* 
vices sf our various Invention, though the matter 
bee tbefamsyyetfor varietie fake theyjhall be ready 
yea[andastbefame dijbesdrgl after a newfajbion) 

perhaps 



To the Reader. 

perhaps pleafe the tafles of many better. But this 
regard neither mooved mee. When I was beyond 
the Seas J and in a part of France, adjoyning upon 
Artoile, / was invited oftentimes to the Flouje of 
a Noble perfonagey who was both a great Souldier 
and an excellent Scholler s and one day above the 
refly as we fate in an open and goodly Gallery at 
dinner^ a young 'EnglimGentlemanj who dejirom to 
travellyhadbeene in Itzlyy and many other places^ 
fortuned to come to his houfe y and (not Jo wett 
fumijhedfor his retume home as was fitting) ^- 
ftred entertainement into his fervice. My Lordy 
who could ^eake as little En^ifh, as my Countrey- 
man French, bade him welcome^ and demanded by 
mee ofhim^ what hee could doe: Forlkeepe none' 
(quoth he)butfuch as are commended forfome good 
quality or other^ and I give them good allowance ^ 
fome an hundred^jomej^tieyfomefiftie Crownes by 
theyeere : and callingfome about himyfveryGentle^- 
man4ikey as well in their behaviour^ as appareU) 
This (faith he) rideth and breaketh my great 
Horjes s this is an excellent Lutenifiy this a good 
Painter and Surueyer oflandy this apafsing l^in^ 
guifl and Scholler^ who tnflruBeth my SonneSy &c. 
&> (quoth this young man) I am a Gentleman 
bomey and can onely attend you in your Chambety 
or waite upon your Lordfhip abroaa. See (quoth 

Monfieur 



To the Reader. 

MonfieurdeLigny,/iir/b v^as his name)hov^ your 
Gentry ^England are bred: that rohen they are 
d^r^ed^ or want meanes in a firange Countrey^ 
they are brought up neither to any qualitie to pre- 
ferre them^ nor have they Jo much as the Latine 
tonne to helpe themf elves v^ithall. I knew it gene- 
raSy to be true^ but for the time^ and upon occafion 
excufeditas Icouldsyet he was received^ and after 
returned to his friends in good fajhion. Hereby 
I onely give to knoWy that there if nothing more 
deplorable^ than the breeding in generatt of our 
Gentlemen^ none any more mijeraole than one of 
them^ if he fall into mifery in a firange Coun trey. 
Which I can impute to no other thing, than the 
remijnejfe ofParents^ and negligence ojMafiers in 
their youth. Wherefore at my comming over^ con- 
fidenng the great forwardnejfe^ and proficience of 
children in other Countriesy the backwardnejfe and 
rawnejfe of ours ^ the ind^y ofMa/lers tbere^ the 
ignorance and idlenejje ofmql of ours; the exceed- 
ing care of Parents in their childrens Education^ 
we negligence of ours: Being taken through change 
of ayre with a §luartane Fever ^ that leajure I had 
oiro noLpo^va-tiovy as I may truelyfayy by fits I em- 
ployed upon this difcourfe for the private ufeofa 
Noble young Gentleman my friend^ not intending 
itjhould ever fee light^ as you may perceive by the 

plaine 



To the Reader. 

plain e andjhallorv current of the Difcourfej fitted 
to a young and tender capacity. Howfoeuer I have 
done ity and if thou Jbait find herein any thing that 
may content^ at the leafiy not dtjla/ie thee^ ijhajl 
be glad and encouraged to a moreferious Peece: if 
nettherybut out of a malignant humour^ difdaine 
what I have done^ I care not; Ihave pleafed my 
felfe : and longfince learned Envy, together with 
her Sifter ignorance, to harbour onely tn the baf^ 
and moft degenerate breafi. 







Chap. L 

Of NobtlttyinGeneraJl: that it is 

a Tlant from Heaven J the Root e^ 

Branches y Fruit. 

F we confider arightly the Frame of ' 
the whole Vniverfe and Method 
of the all-cxccllent Wifcdomc in 
her workc : as creating the formes 
of things infinitely divers, fo 
according to Dignity of Eflcnce 
or Veitue in effed, we muft 
acknowledge the fame to hold 
a Soveraignty, and tranfcendent prxdominance, as 
well of Rule as Place, each over either. Among the 
heavenly bodies wee fee the Nobler Orbes, and of greateft 
influence to be raifed aloft, the lefle cffeduall, depreflcd. 
Of Elements, the Fhe the mod pure and operative to 
hold the highcft place : in compounded bodies, of things 
as well fenlible, as infenfible, there runneth a veine of 
Excellence proceeding from the Forme, ennobling (in 
the fame kind) fome other above tlie reft. 

The Lyon wee fay is King of Beafts, the Eagle chiefe J^mr in hu 
of Birds; the Whale and Whirle-poole among Fiflies, ■'•''y Qas^^- 
lufiters Oake the Tmrrtfis Kmg, Among Flowers, wee 
moft admire and cftecme the Rofe : Among Fruite, the 

B Pom- 




Nobaicy 
defind. 



2 Of Nobility in Generall. 

Pom-rcnr and Qucene-applc : among Stones, wee value 
above all the Diamond ; Mettals, Gold and Silver : and 
fince we knew thefe to transferre their inward excellence 
and vertues to their Species fucceffively, fliall we not 
acknowledge a NoUlity in Man of greater perfe&ion, of 
Nobler forme, and Prince of thefe? 

Can we be curious in difcerning a counterfeit from the 
true Pearle ; to choofe our fiens of the beft fruit, buy our 
Flowers at twenty pounds the roote or flip: and not 
regard or make difference of linage, nor bee carefull into 
what Stocke we match our felves, or of what parents we 
choofe a Servant? 

Surely, to beleeve that Nature (rather the God of 
Nature) produceth not the fame among our felves, is to 
queftion the rareft Worke-miftris of ignorance or 
Partiality, and to abafe' our felves beneath the Beaft. 
NoUlity then (taken in the generall fence) is nothing elfe 
then a certaine eminency, or notice taken of fome one 
above the reft, for fome notable adt performed, bee it 
good or ill ; and in that fence are Notilis and IgmoMis 
ufually among the Latine Poets taken. More particularly, 
and in the genuine fence, NotUity is the Honour of blood 
in a Race or Linage, conferred formerly upon fome 
one or more of that Family, either by the Prince, the 
Lawes, cuftomes of that Land or Place, whereby either 
out of knowledge, culture of the mind, or bv fome 
glorious Adion performed, they have beene vfenill and 
beneficiall to the Common-wealths and places where 
they live. 

For fince all Vertue confifteth in Adion, and no man 
is borne for himfelfe, we adde, beneficiall and vfefuU to 
his Country; for hardly thev are to be admitted for 
Noble, who (though of never fo excellent parts) confume 
their light, as in a darke Lanthorne, in contemplation, 
and a Stoicall retirednefle. 

•• And 

' abuie eid. 



Of Nobility in Generall. 3 

And finoe Honor is the reward of Vcrtue tnd glorious 
Adions onely, Vice tnd Btfenefle muft not exped her 
favours : as the people of R»me created C. Flavins from 
a Tribune, Senator and JBMU for dealing of a booke of 
Records : EuthicrateSy Euph^rias^ and FifjUgrus^ were 
ennobled for treafon : and Cottier by JLfw/V the eleventh^ 
the Wrench King, vnworthily advanced from a mender 
of Stockings, to be Lord Chancellor of France. 

Neither muft we honor or cfteeme thofe ennobled, or 
nude Gentle in blood, who by Mechanicke and bafe "* 
meanes, have raked up a made of wealth, or becaufe 
they fi^llow fome great man, weare the Cloath of a Noble 
Perfonage, or have purchafed an ill Coat at a good rate ; 
no more than a Player upon the Stage, for wearing a 
Lords caft fuit: fmce Nobility hangeth not upon the 
ayery efteeme of vulger opinion, but is Indeed of it felfe 
eflentiall and abfolute. 

Befide, Nobility being inherent and Natural!, can 
have (as the Diamond) the lufbe but onely from it felfe : 
Honours and Titles externally conferred, are but atten- ./£MtmSUvim 
daLt upon defert, and ar6 but as apparell, and the /<^-4«^i^ 
Drapery to a beautifuU body. wSSt ^^' 

Memorable, as making to our purpofe, is that fpeech 
of Sigifmmui the Emperour, to a DoAor of the ciuill '^'J! ^PPl?!?! 
Uw, who when he had received Knighthood at the Em- "f S£^. 
perours hands, left forthwith the focicty of his fellow where che' 
Dodors, and kept company altogether with the Knights : ?^^ *~* 
which the Emperour well obferving, fmiling (before (,S«fomI(V- 
the open afTembly) faid unto him ; Foole, who pre- riooi bnfinefle) 
ferreft Knighthood before Learning and thy degree; 6ir't6tdmo 
I can make a thoufand Knights in one day, but cannot JS^mbul? 
make a Do&or in a thoufand yeares. Now for as much 
as the weale publique of every Eftate, is prcferved jfrmis 
& cenfilhy this faire Tree bjr two maine branches dif- 
preadeth her felfe into the Military and Civil) Difdpline ; 
under the firft I place Talour and Grcatncfle of ^irit : 

B 1 under 



• PerttMoXjOT 
SnMtme, fo 
fir-named be- 
caufe he came 
from his 
Father, wIk> 
would have 
made him a 
Scholler, he 
choofing 
rather to bee a 
Wood-monger 
Capinlimu i. 
See the Tn^ 
finrt ef Jimet, 



Ex Hi/Una 



4 Of Nobility in Genemtt. 

vnder the other, lufticc, knowledge of the Lawes, wliich 
is Confilij fons ; Magnificence, and Eloquence. 

For true Fortitude and grcatneflc of Spirit were enno- 
bled (we reade) Iphicrates^ that brave Athenian^ who over- 
threw in a fet battaile the LaceddemammiSy ftopt the fury 
of Epofmnmdasy and became Lieutenant General! to 
Artaxerxes King of Ferfia^ yet but the fonne of a poore 
Cobler. 

Eitmeuesy one of the beft Captaincs for valour and 
advice Alexander had^ was the fonne of an ordinary 
Carter. 

Dioclefian was the fonne of a Scrivener, or Book- 
binder : ValentinioHy of a Rope-maker ; Maxifrnnus^ of a 
Smith; ^Fertinax^ of a Wood-monger ; Servius TuUius^ 
fonne of a Bond-woman, thence his name Servius ; Tar- 
juinius FrifcuSy of a poore Merchant, or rather Pedler in 
Corinth} Hugh Cafety the firil; of tiiat name. King o^ 
France^ the fonne of a Butcher in Faris^ who when JLewis 
the fixth, fonne of Lotharyy was poifoned by Blanch his 
Wife for Adultery, being a ftout fellow, and of a refo- 
lute Spirit, having gathered d company like himfelfe, and 
taking his advantage of the time, and diftempered 
humour of the State, carried himfelfe and his bufinefle 
fo, that he got the Crowne from the true heire, Charles 
the Vnde of Lewis. 

Lamufiusy the third King of the Lomtards^ was the 
fonne of a common Strumpet, found laid and covered 
with leaves in a ditch by King Agelmond^ who by chance 
riding that way, and efpying a tbdng ftirrc in tlie ditch, 
touched it with the point of his Lance, to fee what it 
was : which the Infant with the hand taking faft bold of, 
the King amazed, and imagining it as a prefageof fome 
good fortune toward the child, caufed it to be taken out 
of the ditch, and t6 be brought up, which after (nurfed 
in the lap of Fortune) by many degrees of Honour, got 
the Crowne of Lmntardy. 

Neither 



OfNobilitie in Generall. f 

Neither are the truely valorous, or any way vertuous, 
aftumed of their fo meane Parentage, but rather glory 
in tiiemfelvcs that tlieir merit hath advanced them aboue 
fo many thoufands farre better defcended. And hence 
Tou (hall many times licare them freely difcouife of their 
oeginnin^, and plainly relate their bringing up, and 
wbit their Parents were. I remember when I was in 
the L^W'CpimtrseSy and lived with Sir lohm Ogle at Vtrechty 
the reply of that valiant Gentleman Colonell Edmrnuis^ Theingcnu- 
to a Countrey-man of his newly comne out of Scotland^ ous reply of 
went Currant : who defiring entertainment of him, told ^^l 
him; My Lord his Father, and fuch Knights and 
Gentle-men, his Couzens and Kinfmen, were in good 
health. Quoth Colonell Edmmds^ Gentlemen (to his 
friends by)" bcleeve not one word hee fayes; My Father 
is but a poore Baker of Edemt^wr^y and workes hard for 
his living, whom this knave would make a Lord, to currie 
favour with mce, and make yee beleeve I am a great man 
borne, &c. 

So that the valiant Souldier you fee, meafureth out ot 
the whole doath his Honour with his fword : and hence 
in ancient times came Hmvt, Athtmsy Cwrthagty and o^ 
late the Ottmium Empire to their greatnefle. Honour 
being then highly prized, every one aymed at Nobilitie, 
and none refiifed the moft ckfperate attempts for the 
good of his Countrey. Thus the I>^, Caf^ MmxtUwiy 
with infinite others, became ennoblra, and had their 
Altars, Statues, Columnes. &c and were well nigh adored 
with as great refpe&, as their Gods themfelves. 

From no kfle meanefle of birth and beginning, we finde 
many great and famous Bifhops, Civilians, Orators, 
Poets, &c to have attained to the greateft dignities, both 
of Churdi and Common-wealth, and to have checked 
with their Fortunes, even Glory her felfe. Pbpe lohm the 
two and twentieth, was a poore Shooe-makers fonne ; 
NicMst the fifth was fonne of a Poulter ; Sixtm the fifl, 

of 



Flttianh. in 
Lfcmp& 



hUchUvtii, 
Hift. fUnntin, 



6 Of Nobility in Genemll. 

of a Hog-heard : Alphenm but a Tailors Apprentice, 
who running from his Mafter, went to 'Rome^ and there 
ftudicd the Civill Law, and fo profited, that for his 
learning and wifedome, he was after created Confull. 
Vlfian but meancly borne, yet Tutor to Alexander the 
Emperour. Cicero was borne and brought up at Arfinum^ 
a poore and obfcure Village : Virgil y the fonne of a Potter: 
Horace^ of a Trumpeter : Theophrafius of a Botcher, with 
infinite others I might alleage as well of ancient as 
mo Jeme times. 

For doing luftice, the 'Romanes of a private man and 
a ftranger, chofe Kuma fi^r their Kin^ : and on the con- 
trary, (as Flutarch writeth, comparing them together) 
Lycurgu of a King, for luftice fake, made hin^elfe a 
private man : for, A podly thing (faith Flutarch) it *f, ty 
doing iufily to oktasne a Kingdomey and as glorious to frefer 
lufiice before a kingdome ; for the vertue of the one (Numa) 
made himfo efteemedand honoured ^ that hee was of all thought 
worthy ofit^ of the other ^ fo ffreaty that he f corned it. 

In like manner, for their good Lawcs and doing 
luftice, were advanced to their Thrones and goodly 
Tribunals, Minos ^ Rhadamantm (though fubiedls of Poets 
fables,) Aratuiy Solon^ &c. And how faircly (beyond 
their Lawrels) the name of lufi became Arifiides^ 
Drajane^ AgeplauSy with many others, I leave to Hiftory 
to report. 

For magnificence, and obliginge the places wherein 
they lived, by great benefits, were ennobled Tarquinim 
Frifcui^ a ftranger, and a baniflied man: and of later 
times, Cofmo di Medici in Florence^ upon whofe vertues, 
as upon a fiiirc profpedt, or fome princely Palace, give 
mee leave a little, as a traveller to breathe my felfe, and 
fliew you a farre oflF the fairc Turrets of his more then 
Royall Magnificence, being but a private man, as I finde 
it recorded in his Hiftory by Machiavell. This Cofmo 
(faith he) was the mofi efieemed^ and mofi famous Citizen 

{being 



Of Nobility in Genemll. 7 

(Mmg M0 mmt rfwMrrt) t/bdi ever if a J heene In the memory 
ef m4m^ either im Florence, er mty ether City j ietaufe he 
iidmot emely exceU aU ethers (ef hie time) in Autherity and 
KcheSy hm alfe im Ukerallty mtd Wifedeme. Fer smemg 
ether fttaSties which advsmcea him te te chief e efhii CemUrey^ 
bee was mtre than ether mem liter mU amd nuipuficeistj which 
liheraBty Mffemred mttch mere efier his death than hefere. 
Fer kkfemme Vicrofeimd ty hie Fathers Recerdsj that there 
was sset assy Citix^m ef efiimatiemy to whom Cornio had net 
lemt great psmmes ef Memeyt amd mamy times alfo he did 
lend to thefe Gemtlesmem^ whom hee Jtmew to have need. 
His magmificemce of feared iy divers his M/dings : for within 
the Citj ef Florence hee isMded the AUeyes amd Temples 
ofS. Marco, S. Lorenzo, amd the MomaBery ofS. VerdUna, 
amd im the mommtmmes ef Fiefok, S. Girolamo, with the 
Ahhey thereto Momgjmg. Alfo im Mugello bee did mot omly 
refaire the Chmrch for the Frier Sy hot tooke it dowme^ amd 
iinh it assew. BeRdes thofe magmificemt Mldimgs im S. 
Croce, im S. Agnoa, amd S. Miniato, he msade Altars^ amd 
fmmsftmom Chapfels. All which Tensfles amd ChafpelSy 
heSdes the ktmldtmgs efthem^ were hy Umfavedy amdfwm\lbed 
ttroagUy with aU thimgs mecejfary. With thefe pMike 
hmldmgSj we may mmmsier his frivate homfeSy whereof ome 
wit him the City tmeete for fk great a ferfomagOy assd fomre 
oiber witho&ty at Carriaggi, at Fiefok, at Cafaggivolo, 
amd at Trehk), aU Palaces fitter for Primces tbam frivate 
ferfoms. Amd kecaufe his nsagfuficesst hotfes im Italy did 
sset im bit ofimiom smoke him famom esseaglfy be Mimed im 
lerwfalem am HoJfitaB to receive foore amd difeafkd Filgrinses. 
Im which worke be ceesfumed great fmmsmses oftmessey. Assd 
aUeit tbefe MldimgSjimd every other hie aXetss were frimcefyy 
amd that im Florence bee lived like a FrimcOi yet fo govermed 
ky wifHUmsOy as be mover exceeded the komsdsrfdwttmosMy. 
For tm his cemverfatiomy im ridimgy im marryimg his Chilarem 
amd KssssfslkeSy bee was like vmto all other modejl amd 
difcreete Citizems : kecaufe be well kmeWy that extraorsBmary 



^Defcribed 
by Lmcum to 
be aged. bald,, 
tndwrinckle^ 
browne colour- 
ed, dad with 
1 Lyons tkin, 
holding in hii 
right lund a 
dub, in hit left 
a bow, with a 
Quiver at hii 
ba3ce, and long 
fmall diainet 
of Gold and 
Amber faftned 
thorow little 
holes to the tip 
of hit tongue, 
drawinff a 
multitude of 
people willing 
to follow after 
him, onely 
(haddowing 
unto us the 
erof 



Uoquence. 
PlsN in 77iiM». 
Pitr, KtUrtm^ 
tih. 6. 



8 Of Nobility in Generall. 

MngSy ivbici are of all men luith admiratitm teheldy doe 
frocmre more enuy^ than tbofe which *without ofientatm tee 
honefily covered^ I omit, as fblloweth (hortly after, his great 
and excefliue charge in entertaining oF learned men of all 
profeflions, to inftruA the youth of Florence : his bounty 
to Arprofolo a Gradan^ and Marcllio FicinOy (whom he 
maintained for the exercife of his owne fhidies in his 
houfe, and gave him goodly lands neere his houfe of 
Carraggty) men in that time of fingular learning, becaufe 
Vertue reares him rather to wonder than Imitation. 

To proceed, no Icfle rerpe(3:, and honour is to be 
attributed to Eloquence, whereby fo many have raifed 
their efteeme and fortunes, as able to draw Civility out 
of Barbarifme, and fway whole Kingdomes by leading 
with • Celticke Hercules^ the rude multitude by the cares. 
Marke Anthony contending againft Augufim for the 
Romano Empire, afTured himfelfe he could never obtaine 
his purpofe while Cicero lived, therefore he procured his 
deatii. The like did Antipatery a fucceflbr to Alexander^ 
by Demofihenesy afpirlng to the Monarchy of Greece. And 
not long fince a poore Mahumetan Prieft, by his fmooth 
tongue, got the Crowne of Morocco from the right heire, 
being of the houfe of Giufeph or lofeph. And much hurt 
it mav doe, if like a mad mans fword, it be vfed by a 
turbulent and mutinous Orator : otherwife we muft hold 
it a principall meanes of correding ill manners, reforming 
lawes, humbling afpiring minds, and upholding all vertue. 
For at Serpents are charmed with wordsyfo the mofi favage 
and cruell natures tj Eloquence: which fome interpret, to 
be the meaning of Mercuries golden Rod, with thofe 
Serpents wreathed about it. Much therefore it con- 
cerneth Princes, not onely to countenance honeft and 
eloquent Orators, but to maintaine fuch neere about 
them, as no meane props (if occafion ferue) to vphold a 
State, and the onely keyes to bring in tune a difcordant 
Common-wealth. 

But 



of Nobility in Generall. 9 

But it fliall not be amide ere I proceed further, to t.Qt^on. 
remove oertaine doubts, ivfaich ts rubs ck^ the deare of hhardy. 
paflSise oTour difcourfe; and the firft concerning Baftardy, 
whether Baftards may bee faid to bee nobly borne or not : 
I anfwer with lu^humty Smrd^s iwter frswpu9s w^mtutri «Mr 
meremtttr. Yet it is the cuftome with vs, and in Frsmety 
to allow them for Noble, by giving them fometimes 
their Fathers proper Coate, with a bend Sinifter, as 
RHgmsU Earle of C^rmrwaBy tufe ibnne to the Conqueror, 
bare his Fathers two Leopards pailant gardant. Or, in a 
field GM/eSy with a bend Sinifter Azure: The like 
HsmSmy bafe Ibone to Gefffrej Flsmtagmeiy Earle ofSmnj. 
Some their fathers whole doate, or part of the fame in 
bend dexter ; as lohm Btmffrrdy a Baibrd of Somerfet^ 
bare fsrty f€r pale Mrpmt and Azure, a bend of Emglmfd^ 
with a labell of Frsuee. Sir Rfgn de Cimremdmy bafe fon 
to the blacke Prince, his fathers three feathers, on a 
bend SaUe, the fieU Or. I willingly produce thefe 
examples, to confirme our cuftome or ennobling them i 
and though the Law leaneth not on their fide, yet ftand 
they in the head of the troopes, with the moft deferving, 
yea, mul imsmy thmts (stcmrdmg /# Euripides), fr—v9 * htttn • ■ {Wm 
thtm tbi bptmmte. Who are more famous then Riwm smmmi m 
and Rmm/my who laid the firft ftone of lUmef more ^^<"^^-<i>^'* 
courasious and truely valiant, then HmtJtty Aleximdery 
our lUng Artb&r of Britmmty and WiUism the firft ? more 
aitically learned then Cbrifi^fhtr JjmpHmy hu^lm 
Fnierf more modeft, and of better life, then Cmlim 
Cslgspummy the delight of his Ferrmrmy with infinite 
others ? and where decretals and Schoolemen mav beare 
the bell, thofe two Grandes, Grstimt and LmmtsrJ f 

A fecond queftion arifeth, whether hce that is Noble &. concemiof 
defcended, may by his vice and bafenefle lofe his Nobility ▼>» >nl ^^*' 
or no. It is anfwered, that if hce that is ignoble and ^^^' 
ingk>rious, may acquire Nobility by Vcrtue : the other 
may vtry well lofe it by his Vice. But fuch are the 

• (viim r« v«^AW jr^im 4^rtrfff Jm4 *m m lm 6)8.) mifcrablc 



3. Queftion. 
I Concerning 
Poycrty. 



4. Queftion. 
Of AjTocates, 
tnd Phyficians. 



Emsi Lm Cm* 



^rijhfhtmts in 

flMt9. 



To whom wu 
nrft giTeny be* 
ing a derouc. 



lo Of Nobility in Generall. 

miferable corruptions of our times, that Vices goe for 
prime Vertues : and to be drunke, fweare, wendi, follow 
the fafhion, and to do juft nothing, are the attributes and 
markes now adayes of a great part of our Gentry. Hence 
the jfgrigemtmes expelled their PhdJaris; the Itomsmes 
extinguiflied the memory of the whole race of the 
Tsr^i/mesy with thofe Mocifters of Nature, Neroy Helhgm^ 
Muiy &c. the SleiHans Dionyjim the latter, with others. 

Thirdly, whether Poverty impeacbeth or ftaineth 
Nobility. I anfwer. Riches are an ornament, not the 
caufe of Nobility ; and many times wee fee there lycth, 
more worth under a thred-bare Cloake, and within a 
thatched Cottage, than the richeft Robe, or ftatelieft! 
Palace. Witnefle the Noble Curij and FaMtij^ taken^ 
from a poore dinner of Turneps and Water-crefles in an 
earthen di(h, to leade the Romame Army, and conquer the 
mofl^ potent Kings of the world. 

Fourthly,conccrning Aduocates and Phyfitians, whether 
we may ranke them with the ennobled or no. Advocates 
or Counfellors being Interpreters of the Law, their place 
is commendable, and themfelves moft necdBktj Inftru- 
ments in a Common-wealth ; wherefore, faith tne Civill 
Law, their calling is honourable, they ought to be freed 
of mulds, publike diarges, and all impohtions ; and to 
be written or fent unto, as unto perfons of efpeciall worth 
and dignity. 

Touching Phyfitians, though the profeffion by fome 
hath beene thought fervile, and in times paft was 
pradifed by fervants, as Domitian (faith Semeca) $mfer£vit 
medico firvOy vt veneuum fiis daref^ and that flovenly 
Epithite of Scaiofhagot be by Arifi9fhM€s beflowed upon 
JBfiulaplm ; yet it is an Art nothing fervile and bafe, but 
noble andfm, fince we know not onely Emperours and 
Kings, but Saints, yea, our blefled Saviour to have cured 
the fickc ; as Canfiantiney Adriam^ Edwsrd the Confeflfor 
King of Eng/oMdy Mithridatis King of PcmttHy (whofe 

Antidote 



OfNobilitie in Generall. 1 1 

Antidote yet beareth his name) Artemifia Queene of and moft re- 
CtfFM, who firft found tlic vcrtuc of Mugwort, bearing lig>«» Kjng. 
her name in Latmc; GmUm King of lUyrtam [aow jng (he Kings 
SeUv^ma) who immortally liveth in the herbe Genttsma : Evill, whence 
as alfo Lyfimscbm in his Lyfimmchia^ AeUUes in AeUUea^ derii^'^r 
or the Yarrow : Ap^Uo^ VodMlhrim^ ^Sf^y ^^y Sal^mm^ Ki^, ^^ ^ 
ExjKkim. Rvmmfr the Fhyfitiamyfaitk JEcclefiaftiois : then En^and his 
againe, Att Fbyfiekt pr meJidme k fnm God^ mmd heJbmU Succrflbrs. 
rfctive a revumi frmm the King: the SkiB 9f the Fhyfitism 
JbmU exult hit bemdy He. And as FtoUmy fometime 
objeded againft Zeilm concerning Hemer^ Co may I unto 
our Lordly Mifidtrem^ or Phyiidce-haters : Which of 
them all, trebbk their revenewes, can maintaine fo many 
as one poore Galem or Hiffeerstet^ who though dead 
many hundreds of yeeres fmce, feed many thouiands of 
fiimilies,eTen at this prefent ? I heere intend nocommon 
Chyrurgians, Mountebancks, unlettered Empericks, and 
women DoAors (of whom for the moft part there is 
more danger^ then of the worft difeafe it felfe) whofe 
pradice is inkmous, Medianique, and bafe. 

Fifthly, ooacerniog Merchants ; the czerdfe of Mer- ^^^Jj*"- 
chandize hath becne (I confefle) accounted bafe, and «**««*•"»•• 
much derogating from Nobility, except it be exerdfed 
and undeitaken by a generall Eftate, or the Deputies 
thereof. Arijht/e therefore (aith. That the Thekmes and 
ISteiMmmdrnts had a I^w,that none Ihoukl bee eftecmed Wff^hnu m 
and held capable of Honour in their Common-wealtb. ^'iSwA^^T^ 
except ther had ten yeeres before given over Trading and 
Merchandize : and VMlerim Maxlmm reporteth, that among 
odier things the Remsmet had to difparage TarftMm 
Fr^cm withall, and make him odious to the people, was 
that he was a Merchants fonne. Siint Chrjfe/hme upon 
that place of Mstthew^ Hee cs/ mt the imjers mrnd feUert o^jT^f'f^ 
ma efthe Temple: pthereth, that Merchants hardly and ^^^^'^^^ 
feldome pleafe Go£ And certaine it is^ that the ancient JH^'m^' 
Rmumet never p refer r ed any that exerciied Merchandize, /•*. t. «y. t. 

to 






Oi&Upmant 
Merchants. 
See Chronicles 
2. chap. I. 
vcrfe 16. 



Chron. x. 9, 
verfe 21. 



6. Queftion. 
Of Mechanicall 
Arcs and 
Anifts. 



iz Of Nobiiitie in GeneraO. 

to any eminent place or o£Bce in their Common-wealth, 
perhaps agreeing in one with Arifiotle^ who fpeaking d 
Merchants and Mechanickes, faith ; Vilis 0ft hujufmodt 
vita^ & virtuti adverfa^ This kinde of life is bafe, and 
contrary to vertue. 

But lome may objed' unto mee the great Eftatcs of 
Venice^ Genoa^ F/arencfy Luca^ &c. where their Notnlity is 
nothing difparaged by the exercife of Merchandize. I 
anfwer ; as their Coines at home they may raife them- 
felves higher or lower at their pleafure: but abroad (like 
Citie Majors^ in other Countries they &11 under value, 
and a great dcale fliort of their reckoning. 

But if the owner of the Earthy attd all that therein is^ 
hath fo beftowed and difpofed of his bleflings, that no 
one Countrey afibrdeth all things : but muft be beholden 
not onely to her neighbours, Ixit even the moft remote 
regions, and Common-wealths cannot ftand without 
Trade and Commerce, buying and felling : I cannot (by 
the leave of fo reverend judgements) Ixit account the 
honeft Merchant among the number of Benefadors to 
his Countrey, while he expofeth as well his life as goods, 
to the hazzard of infinite dangers,fometimes for medicinal! 
Drugges and prefervatives of our lives in extremitie of 
ficknefle ; another, for our food or cloathing in times of 
fcarcitie and wants, haply for ufcfuU necef&ries for our 
vocations and callings : or laftly, for thofe Senfm & animi 
otleSamenta^ which the Almightie providence hath 
purpofely, for our folace and recreation, and for no other 
end elfc created, as Apes, Parrots, Peacockes, Canary, 
and all iinging Birds ^ rareft Flowers for colour and 
fmell, precious Stones of all forts^ Pearle, Amber, Corall, 
Chriftall, all manner of fweet odours, fruits, infinitely 
differing in forme and tafte : Colours of all forts, for 
painting, dying, &c. but I proceed. 

Sixt and laf^ touching Mechanicall Arts and Artifts, 
whofoever labour for their livelihood and gaine, have no 

fliare 



Of Nobility in Generalt. 13 

iharc tt tU in Nobility or Gentry : as Painters, Stage- 
playerSy Tumblers, ordinary Fidlcrs, Inne-lceepers, Fen- 
cers, luglers. Dancers, Mountebanckes, Bearewards, and 
the like ; (except the cuftome of the place determine the 
contrary^ as HeroJctm and Xenofhm witnefle to have Xeiufbmim 
beene obferved, both among the JEgyftiamSy Scythsamsy Otcmmucm. 
and CmrnthiMmt. The reafon is, becaufe their bodies are a him and 
fpent with labour and travaile, and men that are at their Q*" reafon. 
worke, Affidm & accuM vmiratUes ejpt c^pmtMr. Yea, 
if a Noble man, borne in captivity, or caiftrained through 
any other neceflity, ihall exerdfe any manuall occupation 
or Art, hee by the opinion of fome, loofeth his Nobility 
Civill, but not Cbriftian, and fliall at his retume be 
reftorcd. Where I faid the cuftome of the Country. /%«^.4r4r. 
I intend thus : by the law of Mahomet^ the Grand Sigmior^ 'l^^*^' 
or great Turke himfelfe, is bound to exercife fome '**^"^- 
manuall Trade or Occupation (for none muft be idle^) 
as Solynum the Magnificent, that fo threatned Fternma^ his 
trade was making of Arrow-heads; Acbmst the laft, 
home rings for Archers, and the like^ 

From the roote and branches, let vs- tafte the fruite. The fniic and 
which fall not (like the apples of S^9me) with a light vfeof Nobility, 
touch into nothing, but are as thofc of' HejferiJeSy golden, 
and out of the vu%ar reach. 

Firft, Noble or Gentlemen ought to bee preferred in 1 
Fees, Honours, Offices, and other dignities of command ' 
and government, before the common people. 

Tbcy are to be admitted neere, and about the pcrfon which wm 
of the Prince, to be of his Councell in warre, and to bcare «*« •*« ^ » 
his Standard. ■*^" •" 

We ought to give credit to a Noble or Gentleman, 
before any of the inferiour fort. 

He muft not be arrefted, or pleaded againft upon 
cofenage. 

We muft attend him, and come to his houfe, and not 
he to ours. 

His 



WTJ 



14 OfNobilitie in Generatt. 

His punifliment ought to be more favourable, and 
honorable upon his tryaU, and that to bee by his Peeres 
of the fame Noble ranke. 

He ought in all fittings, meetings, and falutations, to 
have the upper hand, and grcatcft refped. 

They muft be dted by bill or Writing, to make their 
appearance. 

In crimiuall caufes. Noblemen may appeare by their 
Attumey, or Procurator. 

They ought to take their recreations of hunting, hawk- 
ing, &c. A'eely. without controule in all places. 

Their imprifonment ought not to bee in bafe manner, 
or to flridl as others. 

They mav eate the befl and daintiefl meate that the 
place affbrdeth ; weare at their pleafure Gold, lewels, 
the befl apparell, and of what fafhion they pleafe, &c. 

Befide, Nobility flirreth vp emulation in great Spirits, 
not onely of equalling others, but excelling them ; as 
in Cimm^ the elder Scipto Africamm^ Decim the fonne, 
Alexander^ Ediuard our blacke Prince, and many other. 

It many times procureth a good marriage, as in 
Germamy^ where a faire Coate and a Crefl is often pre- 
ferred before a good revehew. 

It is a fpurre in brave and good Spirits, to beare in 
mind thofe things which their Anceftors have nobly 
atcheived. 

It transferreth.it fdfe^untoPofterity : and as for the 
mofl part, wee fee the children of Noble Perfonages to 
beare the lineaments and refemblance of their Parents : 
fo in like manner, for the mofl part, they poflefle their 
vertues and Noble difpofitions, which even in their 
tenderefl yeeres will bud forth, and difcover it felfe. 

Having difcourfed of Nobility in Generall, the divi- 
fion, and ufe thereof : give me leave in a word, to inveigh 
againfl the pittifiill abufe thereof, which like a plague, I 
thinke, hath infeded the vt^faole world, every undeferving 

and 



OfNabilitie in Generall. ly 

and bafe Peafant ayming at Nobilitic : which miferable 
ambition hath fo ftirniihed both Townc and Countrcy 
with Coates of a new lift ; that were Dtmteritm living, 
he might have laughing matter for his life. In Naf/es^ 
fuch is the pride of every bafe groome, that though hee 
be JtJlaBay he muft be termed Sign^re^ and fcarce will he 
open a Note from a poore Cmltj^lmOy to whom he hath 
beene a twelvemoneth indebted for his Bootes, if Dmt 
be not in the fuperfcription. 

In Vtnln likewife, every Mechanique is a Magmtfic^^ 
though his imsgmifie€m%M walketh the Market but with a 
Cbtqmm. 

In Wrmmcfy every Peafant and common Lacquey is 
faluted by name of Moumpeury or 5/r#, the Kin^ himfelfe 
having no other Title. The word Sht immediately pix>- 
ceeding from CyrtUy the FerpMm word for a Lord or great 
Prince,as H.Stephmmm well notcth ; or as it pkafeth (ome, h i c»v*. 
from fcvpor authoritie, or n/ptos, a Lord or Governour, 
if6k€iAv Koi rrfvtty icv/moi. Goe but from F^rk to Ansmi^ Dtm/t. 
and fee if you find not all, from the Count to the ^x^- ^• 
Efculier€y allyed either to the King, fome Prince of the 
blood. Noble, Peere, or other. 

In the LfV} CoumtrieSy mine old Hoft at Ambem in 
GUder/snfJy changed hisCoate and Creft thrice in a fort- 
night, bccaufe it did not pleafe his young Wife. For 
there yee muft underftand, they are all Gentlemen by a 
Grant, (they fay) from chmrhs the fift, in confidcration 
of a great iumme of monev they lent him in time of his 
warrcs. Come into what noufe foever, though mijn httr 
^onrtyht but a Gardiner, Ropemaker, or AfumvitM-kWeVy 
you (hall be fure to have his Armes, with the Beaver 
fiill faced (allowed to none but Kings and Princes) in 
his Glafle-window, with fome ingenious Mono or other 
of his owne device. I remember one T>lmk there, gave 
for his Coate a wikle Goofe in the water, with this witty 
one ; Folmmsy natams. Another, three Hogs falling upon 




1 6 Of Nobility in GeneraU. 

a Dog, who was lugging one of their fellowes ; with this 
» Concord ^Endracht mackt macbt^ Another, three great drinking 
makei might, gobies, Orbiquiers, with this truely Dutch^ and more 
tolerable than the reft, underneath, §ljiem nam fecere 
dsfertum ? with infinite others of like Nature : yet the 
ancient Nobilitie (whereof there are many Honourable 
families; as Hohenhy Egmanty Home, Brederodey Wag* 
gmaer^ Botfelair^ with fundry others) kecpe themfelves 
entire, and maintaining their ancient lioufes and reputa- 
tion, free from fcandall of difhonour, as well as we, 
laugh at thefe their boorifli devices. 

Some againe, by altering letters or fyllables,or adding 
to their names, will infinuate themfelves into Noble 
houfes, and not fUcke many times to beare their Coates. 
But the moft common and worft of all, is in all places 
the ordinary purchafino; of Armes and Honours for 
Money, very prejudidalT to true Nobilitie and politique 
gouernment : for who will hazzard his pcrfbn and eftate 
to infinite dingers for Honour, when others at home may 
have it finefudore i^ fangnne^ onely by bleeding in the 
*vena r^n;^, called marjitpiumf The pure Oyle cannot mingle 
with the water, no more this extradled quinteflence and 
Spirit of Vertue, with the dregges and fubiiftence of un- 
ttiffo^ M worthineflfe, EuripsdeSy when his Father told him he was 
^ '''^' Knighted, made him this reply; Good Fat her ^ you haue that 

ivhich every mam may have for his Money, A nd certainely, 
Vertue dum petit ardua^ will not ftoope to take up her 
reward in the ftreet. The French nun is Co bold, as to 
terme fuch intruders GentiUvillaines ; but I dare not ufe 
that word, left fome that challenge the firft part of it, 
fhould retume mee the latter. 

Laftly, to conclude, moft pitifiill is the pride of many, 
who when they are noblv borne, not onely ftaine their 
ftocke with vice, and aU bafe behaviour, relying; and 
vaunting of their long pedegrees, and exploits of their 
Fathers, but (themfelves living in floath and idlencs) 

difparage 



akibm. 



of Not Hi tie in Generall. 17 

diiptrtge and difgrace tbofc, who by their vcrtuous en. 
dcauouis are riiing. To thefe and fudi, I oppofe Marim^ 
-txkd that stout reply of his in Salvfi : They co$aenme met 
m mm uptmt^ I fctrMe tbehr flomth mid iafeneffe. Againe. 
Wbmi tiey idhtj bemre snd remde mt home^ my felft hail 
eitbtr aBedorfeenf^ iftheyfctme mety httkemfctme their 
AmcefierSy wh§ came by their KeUlitie m I hone done : If 
they enuy mine Honour ^ let them aljo envy my lahours^ tnine 
innocence^ myperilsy &c. Now fee how equally they deale: 
that which they arrogate to themfelves from the vertue 
of others, that they deny me for mine ownc^ becaufe I 
have no images, and my Nobilitie is new, &c. Siortly 
after : I cannot, to proove my difcent. bring forth the 
Images of my Anceftors, their Triumphs, their Conful. 
fliips; but if need be, I can (hew Launces, my Enfi^ne, 
Caparifons, and other fuch warlike implements, bcude a 
number of icarres upon my breaft : thefe are my Images, 
my Nobilitie, not left me by dcfcent and inheritance, &c. 
And as refolute of late yceres, was the anfwere of Verdmp 
a Sfmnicrdy Commander in Frifelmd^ to certaine of the 
SfaM\fb Nobilitie, who murmured at a great feaft, tlut 
the fonne of a Hang-man fliould talce place above them, 
^for fo he was, and his name importeth:) Gentlemen 
(quoth he) fneftion not my hirth^ or viho my Father tMr, I 
mm the fomme of mine ovme defert and Fortune * if any man 
dares m much m I have done^ let him come and take the 
Tatles end vnfh all my heart. 



Chap. 



\ 



1 8 Of the dignitie and necefntie of Learnings 

Chap. II. 

Of the dignitie and necefntie of Learning 
in Princes and Nobilitie. 

Since Learning then is an cflentiall part of Nobilitie, 
as unto which wee are beholden, for in^atfoever de- 
pendeth on the culture of the mindc ; it foUoweth, that 
who is nobly borne, and a Scholler withall, deferyeth 
SiMdnatunum doublc Houour, being both €iy€vii9 and vokvixaOris : for 
eximiam truditU hecreby as an Enfigne of the faireft colours, he is afarre 
2^/^4rr ^^ difccmed, and winneth to himfelfe both love and 
tfmddMM^en admiration, heighthing with skill his Image to the life, 
fdet^ cic. pn making it precious, and lafting to pofteritie. 
^rchU PHtM. i^ ^j^g ^jj^ y^pjy Qf ^hat learned King of Arragim to 
a Courtier of his, who affirmed, that Learning was not 
requifite in Princes and Nobilitie, fl^fia i voce ittm ^v#, 
mom iftm Huomo. For if a Prince bee the Image of God, 
governing and adorning all things, and the end of all 
gouemment the obfervation of Lawes; That thereby 
might appeare the goodnefle of God, in protefting the 
good, and punifhing the bad, that the people mi^t be 
fafhioned in their lives and manners, and come neere in 
the light of knowledge unto him, who muft proted and 
defend them, by efhiblifhing Religion, ordaining Lawes - 
by fo much (as the Sunne from his Orbe of Empirej 
ought he to out-runne the refl in a vertuous race, ana 
out-fhine them in knowledge, by how much he is mounted 
necrer to heaven, and fo in view of all, that his leaft 
eclipfe is taken to a minute. 
Nietftmus, lih. What (tell mc) can be more glorious, or worthy the 
17. c^. fo. Scepter, than to know God aright ; the Myfteries of our 
falvation in lefus Chrift, to converfe with God in fbule, 
Hfgiam^ I. Qip, and oftner than the meere naturall man, to advance him 
^ 33' in his Creatures? to bee able with Salomom to difpute 

from 



in Princes and Nobility. 1 9 

from the loflieft Cedar on LUmmm^ to the loweft Hi fop 
upon the wall ; to be the Conduit Pipe and inftrument, 
whereby (as in a goodly Garden) the fweet ftreames 
of heavens bleffings are conveyed in pietv, peace and 
plenty, to the nourifhing of thoufands, and the flourifli- 
ing of the moft ingenious Arts and Sciences. 

Wherefore, faith the Kingly Prophet, Ermdhmmi Re- Pfilm. i. 
gety &c. as if he fliould fay: how can you Kings and lud- ^ 
ges of the earth underftand the grounds of vour Reli-i. 
gioD, the foundation and beginnings of your Lawes, the 1 
ends of your duties and calhngs : much lefle determine \ 
of fucli controverfies, as daily arife within your Rea!mesK) 
and circuits, define in matters of Faith, publique lufUce, .. 
your private and Occonomicke afiaires : if from your i 
cradles yce have beene nurfed (as Salatmms fbole) withiPror. i/. 
ignorance, brutifh IgmarMcey mother of all mftryy that Tisfjik, $.JU 
infedeth your bed anions with folly, rancketh you next >^- 
to the beafl, maketh your taUce and difcourfe loathfome; 
and hesvy U the bearer^ m a htrtbeu vpm ibe «;#y, your lEcdeTiaft. ij. 
felvcs to DC abufed by your vafGiIs, as blind men by their ( 
Boyes, and to bee led up and downe at the will and plea- \ 
fure of them, whofe eyes and eares you borrow. 

Hence the royall Salmmm^ above all riches of God, 
dcfired wifedome and vnderllanding, that he might 
goveme, and goe before fo mighty a people. And the 
ancient BmmsmeSy when their voyoes were demanded at rtfiCe- » tw*'. 
the Eledion of their Emperor, cryed with one confent, 
§lms meCpT fumm Uieratm f Hence the FerpsKS would 
eled none for their King, except he were a ereat Pbilo- 
fopher : and ereat AhxioiJer acknowledged his, cS Avaiy 
from his Mafter AnfiotU. 

Bmme faw her beft dayes under her mofl learned Kings 
and Empcrours : as Numay Amfufimy Titmy Antmimmy 
Cmjtamtinty Tbeoihfmy and fome others. Fltitarcb giveth nasnk, m 
the reafon : LfMrmmg (faith hee) refirmetb tbt l^ smJ ^^^ 
mammers^ and affbordeth the wliolefomefl advice for 

the 



c 1 



20 Of the dignity and necefnty of Learnings 

the government of a Common-wealth. I am not igno- 
rant, but that (as all goodnefle elfe) (hee hath met with 
her mortal! enemies, the Champions of Ignorance, as 
Entn^'M. Ucinim gave for his Mot or Poefie: Pefies IRetfuUias 

Istersg'y and Le*wis the eleventh, king of Framce^ would 
ever charge his fonne to leame no more Latine than 
this, §Im nefctt diffitnulare^ nefcit reg»are'y but thefe arc 
the Ancles of a few^ and thofe of ignorant and corrupted 
iu(k;ements. 

Since learning then joyned with the feare of God, is 

fo faithfuU a guide, that without it Princes undergoe but 

lamely (as Chryfofiome faith) their greateft afiaires : they 

I are blind in diuretion, ignorant in knowledge, rude and 

barbarous in manners and living : the necemty of it in 

Princes and Nobility, mav eafily be gathered, who how- 

fotver they flatter themfelves, with the fauourable Sun- 

« fhine of their great eftates and Fortunes, are indeed ot 

no other account and reckoning with men of wifedome 

and underftanding, than Glowormes, thatonely (hine in 

the darke of Ignorance, and are admired of Idiots and 

PiMMrrh,^iciaf. thc vulgar for the out-fide j Statues or Huge Coloffos full of 

in EmUtm, i^ad and ruUsJb luithsn ; or the JEgjptian Aflc, that 

thought himfelfe worfiiipfiill for bearing golden Ifs upon 

his backe. 

U€^. vrsmfhe^ Sspftmrnd King of the Romanes^ and fbnne to Charles 

tutgm. the fourth Empcrour, greatly complained at the Councell 

of CoufioMce^ of his Prmces and Nobility, whereof there 

was no one that could anfwer an Embauador, whg made 

a fpeech in Latine; whereat Lodomcke^ ^e £le<2or 

FaUt'mey tooke fuch a deepe difdaine in himfelfe, that 

with teares afliamed, he much lamented his want ot 

learning ; and prefently hereupon returning home, began 

(albeit hee was very old) to learne his Latine tongue. 

Eherhard alfo, the firft Duke of Wirtenberg^ at an aflembly 

of many Princes in Italy (who difcourfed excellently in 

Latine^ while be ftood ftiU and could fay nothing) in a 

rage 



m Princes and Nobility. 2 1 

rage ftrooke his Tutor or Governor there prefent, for 
not applvine him to his Booke when he wts young. I 
gladly allea^e thefe examples, as by a publUce CounceU 
to condemne ofmim of Herefie, beleeving to teach, and 
teaching to beleeve, the unneceffity of Jearninff in Nobility; 
an errour as prejudiciall to our Land, as fometime was 
that rotten (Jheft to JEslnofia^ whoTe corrupted ayre 
vented after many hundreds of yeeres, brought a p'ague 
not onely upon that Country, but over the wtole 
world. 

I ceafe to vrge further, the neceflity and dignity ot 
learning, having (as OSmvim faid to Dtam^ a Captaine 
of Anthmhs^ to the underftanding fpoken fufficient : .Affism. 
but to the ignorant too much, bad I faid leiTe. 



Chap. III. 

Of the time of Learnings Duty of Mafiersj 
and what thefitte/i Method to bee obferved. 

AS the fpring is the onely fitting feede time for graine» 
fetting and planting in Garden and Orchard : fo 
youth, the AfriB of mans life is the moft naturall and 
convenient feafon to fcatter the Seeds of knowledge upon 
the ground of the mind, hu yhp cMvt U p4ov 6p!ty€a$ai^ 'fUf ftthu, 6. 
faith FlsiOy It keboovetb m yoMtb ma of hsmd^ to defiro smd 
Uni otir mhuls to lommmg: neither as good Hufbands, 
while time ferveth, let flip one houre: for^ faith he, 
elfewhere^ O&r groimd k hsrJ^ smd our horfes ko vslUi > Vk^d^. 
withall, if we meane to reape a plentifuil harveft, take we 
the counfcll of Adra/lm in EttHftdoSy To looko tbst tbo 
fetde hot good. For, m tbofmmdmtiom ofjottth^ v)eB ordered 
omd tam^^ comffis{fv3Sti Fisto againc) tie ftmirybmg of tbo 
Cf mmom wemttb. This tender age is like water fpilt upon a 

table. 



22 €f the dmty 9f Mafters. 

table, which with mfingicr wee mw dnw and diroft which 
way we lift; or like thejroong Hop^wfaicfa^if wtntiDg a 
poleytakethholdof tfaenezt.hedge: lb that now is the 
time (as Waie) to worke it pifant to ai^ forme. 

How many czceUent wits have we in this Land, that 
fmcU of the Caske, by n^lefting their young time when 
they (hould ha^e learned ! Bmmn lus ^if fnml^ once 
fit for the bcft V^ne, fince too bad for the heft Vine«r, 
who giowne to yearcs of difcretion, and folid onder- 
ftanding, deepek bewaile their mif-fpcn^ or mif-guided 
youth, with too late wilhing (as I have heaid many) tittt 
tbev had kxft a joynt, or halfe their eftats, fo that they 
had beene held to tiieir Bookes when dicj were young. 
The moft (and not without caufc) lay the nult upon bu 
Mafters ; to fay truth, it is a generall plague and com- 
plaint of the whole L^d ; for, for one difcreet and able 
Teacher, you (hall find twenty imorant and carelefle ; 
who (among fo many fertile and delicate wits as EM^4mJ 
afibrdeth) whereas they make one Scholler, they marre 
ten. 
The firft and The fifft and maine Error of Mafters, is want of dif- 
maine error of crction, when in fuch variety of Natures as different as 
^^^^' their countenances, the Mafter never laboureth to try the 

ftrength rf every capacity by it felfi?, which (as that 
im Ethic. Lesion ftone Arifiotle fpeaketh of) muft have the rule 

fitted to it, not that brought to the rule: for as the felie- 
fame medicines have feverall operations, accordine to 
the complexions they worke upon : fo one and the ielfe- 
fame Method agreetii not with all alike: fome are quicke 
of capacity, and moft apprehenfiue, others of as dull ; 
fome of a ftrong memory, others of as weake : yet may 
that dullard or bad memory, ^if he be obferved) proove 
as good, yea (in Arifiotles opinion) better than of the 
other. But we fee on the contrary, out of the Mafters 
carterly iudgement, like Horfes in a teame, they are fet to 
draw all alike, when fome one or two prime and aUe wits 

in 



of ihe du iie $f Afafitri. z | 

%n tbc Sdioolc, ^i^AaKToi (which he oils out to admin* 
tioci If ilrtngcrs come, 2S a Colli rd in onger his faiidl 
PippJBs) like flecte hounds gpc tway with the gamc^ when 
Ihe rdl ocede helping over a ftUe a miJe behind : hence 
being either quite difcouraged in themfclvcs^ or taken 
tvay bf thdr Iricnds (who for the moft part meafure 
ihdr learning by the Forme they fct in) they take leave 
of their tsookes while they Live* 

A fecond oirer-fig^t nic a kin to the former^ is indif* <^ iwend 
crction In corredion, in uling all Natures alike, and that "^^ / 
with iouDodcration, or rather plalne crueMe : true it fe, 

Bui thclc ftUowcs belccvc with CJbfjfi^pm in ^umtitimm^ ©"w* /a. 
that there is no other Method of making a ScboOcfj than ^i'^^M i, 
bf beating him, for that he undcdUndcth not through 
thdr ownc fault ; wherein they ftiew tbt mfclvcs egregious 
Tyrants, for, CmrtSimt ^tkmti imfiru^sm is ^isM 

The Nobkt generous^ and bcft Natures^ are woooe hy 
contmcQciation, enkindled by Glorr; whicb is fax mentis yitpf^ 
km^0 j to whom con quell and mame are a thcufand 
toftures. Of which difpolition for the mofl ptrt^ are 
mod of our young Nobihtie and Gentlemen, wd I borne, 
inheriting with their bdng^ the vertuc of their Anccftors^ 
which even in this tender grecnneflc of yeercs will bewray 
It IcU^ i$ wdi m the ScbMie as abroad at their play and 
rtiHflHh i gcfcit l W t 

Sgmi^am above all others, deftreth this difpofition 
Id make his Orator of* and whom chiding gricvtth, to 
be tcndcrty dealt withafl| yet have I koowne thcfc good 
and towardly Natures as roughly handled by our Piapffi 
Ori^itf^ as by Drmffm blmfelle taking revenge upon the 
bitltockca of poorc Boyes for the bfle of his kingdome, 
and rayled ttpCHi by the tmmanncrly nam^of block-^heads 
(oft by fmne worte than block -heads) affei, dott^ &c. 
wbicb dcepcly picrctdi the free and generous dpirit, 

for. 



24 Of the dutte of Maflers. 

Seim.dttmrikit. for, Imgenustm (faith Semeca) nm red fit comtemfttm^ 
lagenuitie or the generous minde, cannot brooke 
contempt : and which is more ungentlemanly, nav bar- 
I barous and inhumane, pulled by the ears, lafhed over 
I the face, beaten about the head with the great end of 
the rod, fmitten upon the lippes for every flight oflFence 
with the Ferula^ (not oflFered to their Fathers Scullions 
at home) by thdfe Ajaces flagellsferi '^ fitter farre to keepe 
Beares, (for they thrive and are the fatter for beating, 
faith Flmy) than to have the charge of Nobles and Gen- 
tlemen. 

In Gemumj the fchoole is, and as the name importeth, 
it ought to be meerely LMdm literarim^ a vejry paftime of 
leaminfic, where it is a rare thing to fe< 



learning, where it is a rare thing to lee a Rod ftirring : 
vet I heartily wifli that our Children of England were 
but halfe fo ready in writing and fpeaking Latine, which 
Boyes of tenne and twelue yeeres old will doe fo roundly, 
and with fo neate a phrafe and ftyle, that many of our 
Mafters would hardly mend them; having onely for 
their punifliment fhame, and for their reward praife. 
Cauendum a plagk (faith ^umtilian) fed pottks Uude aut 
aliarum frslatlone urgmdns eft fuer: that is, wee muft 
hold our hands, and rather bring a Child forward with 
praife, and preferring of others. Befide, there ought to 
bee a reciprocall and a mutuall a£FedUon betwixt the 
Mafter and Scholler, which judicious Erajmus and Lodo- 
Enifm.iHEfi. vfCMs Fsves^ (fomctimcs teacher to (^eene Mary^ and 
I^J^^^^ a Sfamtard^ who came to England with Q^ene Katherme 
Pim.tfi^iii.4.. her mother) doe prindpafiy require^^ii^w in iBum 
induendo ajfeSum^ by putting on a Fathers a£fedion 
toward him: and as Pliny faith, Amore^ non artifice 
docentey qui oftimm Mapfter eft : To winne his heart and 
afiedion by loue, whidi is the beft Mafter, the Scholler 
againe the contrary. So may a difcreet Mafter, with as 
much or more eale, both to himfelfe and his Scholler, 
teach him to play at Tennife, or (hoot at Rovers in the 

field. 



Of the dutie of Mafters. if 

field, and profit him more in one moueth befide his 
encouragement, than in halfi: a yeere with his ftrict and 
fevere ufage. But in ftead hereof, many of our Mailers * 
for the moft part fo bdiave thenuelves, that their very 
name is hateniU to the SchoUer, who trembleth at their 
comming in, rejoyceth at their abfence, and looketh his 
Mafter (returned) in the face, as his deadly enemy. 

Some aflfcdl, and fcverer Schooles enforce, a predfe <a third 
and tedious ftridlnefle, in long keeping the Schollers bv «''®'> 
the walles; as from before nxe in me morning, till 
twelve, or paft; fo likcwife in the aftemoone: which 
befide the dulling of the wit, and dejedling the Spirit, 
{for, Otij mm mhks quhm ntgotij ratio fxtarf JeM\ Cetn^ Tiditc. 
breedeth in him afterward, a kin<ic of bate and carcleu 
nefle of fhidy when hee commeth to be fm jitrky at his 
owne libertie, (as experience prooveth by many, who 
are fent fi-om levere Schooles unto the Vniverfilies) : 
withall, over-loading his memorie^ and taking off* the 
edge of his invention, with over-heavie taskes, in 
Tnemes, Verfcs, &c. To bee continually poring on 
the Booke (faith Socrstes) burteth and weakeneth the 
memory very much ; affirming learning to bee fooner converfe with 
attained unto by the eare in difcourfe and hearing, than ^ti"'f^> 
by the eye in continuall reading. I verily beleeve the ^^1 
fame, if we had Inftrudors and Mailers at hand, as ready 
as bookes. For wee fee bv experience, thefe who have 
beene blind from their birth, to retaine more by bearing, 
than others bv their eyes, let them reade never fo much : 
wherefore Palim would have, IJhfJ tdifcmdi udium frothAs 
i fmmt itvtrariy this fame toyle or tedioufneile of learning 
bv heart, to bc^ prefently lwalk)wed or paiTed over by 
Children. 

Wherefore I cannot but commend the cuilome o^ 
their Schooles in the i>w-CMaitfyv#/, where for the a voy ding 
of this tedious fitting ilill, and irkfome poring on the 
booke all day long } after the SchoUer hath received his 

Ledhire, 



26 Cf the dutie of Mafters. 

hcfbxxCy he letveth the Scboole for an houre, and walketh 
abroad with one or two of his fellowes, either into the 
field, or up among the trees upon the rampire; as in 
jitukuerpey Breday Vtrechty &c where they conferre and 
recreate tbemfdves till time calles them in to repeate^ 
where perhaps they ftay an houre ; fo abroad againe, and 
thus at their jdeafure tiie whole day. For true it is, that 
Ufpus in Eftft, Uffins faith, ingemia vegetativa ' muft have faos rfcejkfj 
ftrong and lively wits muft have their retrait or inter- 
miflion of exercife, and as Rams^ (enjgines of warre in old 
time^ recoyle backe to returne with the greater force; 
which the minde doth unto ftudy after paufe and reft, not 
unlike a field, which by lying fallow, becommeth farre 
more fat and fruitful!. 
<A fourth A fourth error, is the contrary (for, Stulti in contraria 

cor.) cttmmt)y too much carelefnefle and remiflenefle in not 

holding them in at aJl, or not giving them in the Schoole, 
that due attendance they ought: fo that every day is 
play-day with them, beftowing the Summer in feeking 
fiirds-nefts, or hauntins; Orchards; the Winter, in 
keeping at home for cdd, or abroad all day with the 
Bow^ or the Birding-peece : they making as little 
confcience in taking, as their Mafter in giving their 
FiutMnh. 4d learning, who forgetteth belike, that Rumot/r layeth each 
TrMjaiuui. fault of the Schotter upon his necke. Flato remembreth one 
FratagoraSy a Bird of the fame feather, who when hee had 
lived threefcore yeeres, made his boaft, he had fpent 
fortie of thofe threefcore, in corrupting and undoing 
youth. Wc have, I fi^are, a race of thole Trotag^r^aJJes 
even yet amoi^ our common Schoole-maflers in Engllmd. 
But the diieafes whereunto fome of them are very 
fubjed, are Humour and FoUy (that I may fay nothing 
of the grofle Ignorance and in-fuffidency of many) 
whereby they become ridiculous and contemptible both 
in the Schoole and abroad. Hence it comes to pafle, 

that 

' vegeu i66i. 



Of thi duty ofMafiers. 27 

that in many places, cfpcciallj in Italy ^ of all profcflions 
that of Fedmttena is held in btfeft rqute : the Schoole- 
mafter almoft in every Comedy being brought upon the 
Stage,toparalelltheZ43*/,orPifi»/4f/MMr. He made us good 
(port in that excellent Comedy of FfJamtm^ aded in our 
Trinitjr Colledge in Csamiridge^ and if I be not deceived, 
in Pryam$m vmpmlmms^ and many of our Engliih Playes. 

I knew one, who in Winter would ordinarily in a cold 
morning, whip his Boyes over for no other jxirpofe than 
to ett himfelfe a heat : another beat them for Iwearing, 
and all the while fwcares himfelfe with horrible oathes, 
he would forgive any fault faving that. 

I had I remember my felfe (neere S. AUimes in Hert'^ 
fmrtflrirt where I was borne) a Mafler, who by no entreaty 
would teach anv SchoUer he had, farther than his Father 
had karnni before him z as, if tie had onely learned but 
to reade Englifh, the tonne, tboueh he went with him 
fcven yeeres, fhould goe no further : his reafon was, 
they would then proove faucy rogues, and contioule their 
Fathers: yet thefe are they that oftentimes have our 
hopefull Gentry under their charge and tuition, to bring 
them up in fdence and dvility. 

Befide,moft of them want that good and dired Method, 
iriiereby in (hortefl time and with leaft labour, the 
SchoUer mzj attaine unto perfedion : fbme teaching 
privately, ufe a Grammar of their owne making ; fome 
againe, none at all : the moft UBhsy but prsepcSbroufly 
pofted over, that the boy is in his (^antity or Syllables, 
before bee knowtih the Qualitie of any one part cf 
fpcech : for hee profiteth no more than he mafmcth by 
his undcrflanding. Nor is it my meaning that I would 
all Mafters to be tyed to one Methode, no more than all 
the Shires of Brngl^md to come up to Lmdm by one high 
way: there be many equally alike good. And fmce 
Mcthode, as one faith, is but MoTOii|nici(, let every Mailer j 
if he can, by pulling up fUles and hedges^ make a more Tkjfttmm, 

neere 



2 8 Of the duty of Maflers. 

See M. Doaor neere and private way to bimfelfe, and in Gods name 
webbe his Ad- f^y wife tlie divineft of Poets : 

peale co Truth. ' 

GmrsU, 3. deferta per ayU dulcis 

Raptat amor^ iuvat hre jups^ quk nulla prior um 
CASTAIAVM moUi divertitur orhita clivo. 

With Sweet Love rapt, I now by defart's paflc. 
And over hils, where never tracke of yore : 

Defcending eafily, yet remembred was. 
That led the way to CASTALIE before. 

But in ftead of many good they have infinite bad, and 
go ftumbling from the right as -if they went blindfold for 
a wager: hence commeth the fhifting of the Schollcr from 
Matter to Mafter, who poore boy (like a hound among 
a Company of ignorant hunters tollowing every Deere 
they fee) mifleth the right, begetteth himfelte new labour, 
and at laft byonc of 3kill, ' and well read,' beaten for 
his paines. They cannot commonly erre, if they (hall 
imitate the builder, firft to provide the SchoUer with 
matter, then caft to lay a good foundation, I meane a 
folide underftanding of the Grammar, every rule made 
familiar and fafl, by fhort and pleafant examples, let him 
bring his matter into forme, and by little and little raife 
the frame of a fhong and well knit itile both in writing 
and fpeaking ; and what doth harme in all other building, 
is heere mcA profitable and needfiill, that is, Tranjlmtsom. 
For I know nothing that benefiteth a SchoUer more 
than that ; firfl by tranflatingoutof LatineintoEnglifh, 
which laid by for fome time, let him tranflate out of 
Englifh into Latine againe varying as oft as hee can both 
his words and Phrafes. Dofetm woo hath gathered all the 
Phrafes of TuUy into one volume, Mam/ttuiy Erafmm 
his Copiay and Drax his CaUiopms with others, will helpe 
him much at the firft ; let him afler by his owne reading 
enrich his underftanding, and learne bamrire ex ipfis 

fontlius 
'"» but well read or 1^34.. 



of the duty of Mafiers. 29 

frmtikm^ next exercife himfelfe in Themes and Declamations 
if he be able. The old method of teaching Grammar, 
faith Suetemmy was difputation in the fore-noone, and 
declamation in the after-noone ; but this I leave to the 
difcretion of the judicious Mailer. ' 

I pafle over the infufficienqr of many of them, with 
ill example of life ^which Flate wiflieth above all things 
to be relpe&ed and looked into) whereof as of Phyficke 
and ill Plwfitians, there is many times more danger than 
of the difeafe it felfe, many oip them being no Gram- 
marians at all, much lefle (as ^gmtt/tam requireth in a 
Schoolemafter) Rhetoricians to expound with proper and 
pureft Englifh, an eloquent Latine or Greeke Author ; 
unfold his invention, and handling of the iubiedl, (hew 
the forme and fluency of the ihrle, the apt difpofition 
of figures, the propriety of words, the weight of grave 
and deepe Sentences, which are mervi aratieak^ the 
finewes oifdifcourfe. Mufitians, without which Grammar 
is imperfed in that part of TrefoMm^ that dealeth oncly 
with Meter and Rhithmicall proportions. Aftronomers, 
to underftand authors who have written of the heavens 
and their motions, the feverall Conftellations, fetting 
and riling of the Planets, with the fundry names of circles 
and points; as Mmulim and Pemtsmm. And laftly, 
Naturall and Moral! Philofophers, without which they 
cannot as they ought, underftand Tmtties Offices^ oxJBfefs 
Fables, as familiar as they fceme. 

Fane bee it that I may bee thought to queftion the 
ni'orth and dignity of the painefiill and difcreet teadier, 
who, if Learning be needfull, muft be as neceflary : be- 
fides, i am not ignorant, that even the* greateft Princes, ^jit^^m & 
with the moft reverend Bifhops, and moft profound o^jmw C4/Ar, 
Schollers of the worid, have not beene afhamed of teadi- f*^^^^ 
ing the Grammar: or that I invcieh in the leaiK againft jir^u, 
the learned and worthy Maftcrs of our publike Sdiooles, .Adnmtht&%t. 
many of whom may bee ranked with tte moft fufficient fT^Tl/:^ 

SchoUers J?*"^*"' 



n; 



30 Of the duty of Parents 

Schollers of Emrape. I inveigh againft the pittiftill abufe 
of our Nation by fucb, who bjr their ignorance and neg- 
ligence deceive the Church and Common-wealth of 
ferviceable members, Parents of their Moncv, poore 
children of their time, efteeme in the world, and perhaps 
meanes of living all their lives after. 

Chap. IV. 

Of the duties of Parents in their Chikbrens 

Education. 

r Either muft all the blame lye upon the Schoole- 
I mafter : fond and fbolifh Parents have oft as deepe 
a (hare in this precious fpoile, as whofe cockering and 
apifh indulgence (to the corrupting of the minds of 
their Children, difabling their wits, effeminating their 
711 G^u, bodies^ how bitterly doth Flatp taxe and abhorre ? For 
avoydmg of which, the Law of I^curgm commanded 
children to be brought up, and to leame in the Countrv, 
farre from the delicacy of the City : and the Brutij in 
Jtafyj a people bordering upon LmcohU^ following the 
cuirome of the Spartans^ fent their children after the 
age of fbureteene away, to be brought up in fields and 
Forefts among Shepheards and Heardfmen : without any 
to looke unto them, or to waite upon them : without 
apparell, or bed to lye on, having nothing elfe tiian 
MUke or Water for their drinke, and their meate fuch as 
they could kill or catch. And heare the advife of HorMce: 

ihnu, iik. }. Anpifiam^ amice ^ faufersem pati 

odt 1. Rohifint acri fmlstid puer 

Camdifcaty & Fzrthos feroces 

Vexet eques metuenJm baftJ^ 

Vstamquefuh diOy & trepidis mgat 

In retuiy ^. 

Friend 



in their Childrens Education. 3 1 

Friend, let thy child hard povertie endure. 
And, growne to ftren^h, to warre himfelfe inure : 
And t^avely mounted leame, fteme Cavalere, 
To charge the fierceft FartUsm with his fpeare : 
Let him in fields without doores leade his life. 
And exerdfe him where are dangers rife, ficc. 

If any of our young youths and Gallants were dieted 
in this manner. Mercers midit fave fome Paper, and 
Citie Laundrefles goe make Candles with their Saffroi^ 
and Egges; Dicing houfes and ten (hilling Ordinarie9, 
let their large Roomes to Fencers and Puppit-players, 
and many a painted peece betake her felfe to a Wheele 
or the next HofpitaD. But now adaies. Parents either 
ffive their Chikiren no education at all, (thinking their 
birth or eftate will beare out that) : or if any, it leaveth 
fo flender an impreffion in them, that like their names 
cut upon a Tree, it is over-growne with the old barke by 
the next Summer. Befide, fudi is the moft bafe and 
ridicukxis parfimony of many of our Gentlemen, (if I may 
fo terme them) that if th^ can procure fome poore 
Batcheler of Art ftom the Vniverfitie to teach their 
Children to fav Grace, and ferve the Cure of an Im- 
propriation, who wanting meanes and friends, will be 
content upon the promiie of ten pounds a yeere at his 
firft oomming, to be pleafed with five; the reft tobe fct 
off in hope of the next advoufon, (whidi perhaps was fold 
before the younff man was borne) : Or if it chance to fall 
in his time, his Lady pr Mailer tels him ; Indeed Sir we 
are beholden unto you for your paines, fuch a living is 
lately falne, but 1 had before made a promifeof itto my 
Butler or Bailiflfie,for his true and extraordinary fervice: 
when the truth isL he hath beftowed it upon himfelfe, for 
fburefqore or an hundred peeccs, which indeed his man 
two dayes before had faft bold of, but couU not keepc. 

Is it not commonly feene, that the moft Gentlemen 

will 



-i. 



mines, Uh. i . 



Sefued sd I uciL 
efijt.'il. 



UiMtres 9mnes 
flijs in peceat0 
& M$xiii0 in 
ffdtemM iniuris 
^•filent, Terent, 
in Hemutnt. 



32 Of the dutie of Parents. 

will eive better wages, and deale more bountifijlly with 
a fellow who can but teach a Dogge, or reclaime an 
Hawke, than upon an honeft, learned, and well qualified 
man to bring up their children ? It may be, hence it is, that 
Dogges are able to make Syllogifmes in the fields, when 
their young Mafters can conclude nothing at home, if 
occafion of argument or difcourfe be offered at the Table. 
Laoke ufoH our NoSUit'e and Gentry new sJases (faith a wife 
and grave Hiftorian) mul you Jhall fee them bred^ as if they 
were made for no other end than pafiime and idlenejfe | they 
oiferve moderation neither in talke nor affareU : good men^ 
and fuch as are learned^ are not adnutted amonfft them i 
the affaires of their eftates they impofe upon others^ &c. 
But to view one of them rightly, ^faith Seneca) looke upon 
him naked J lay-by his eftate, his Honours, & alia fortune 
mendaday his other falfe difguifements of Fortune^ and behold 
his minde^ what and how great he iSy whether of himfelfe^ 
or byfome borrowed greatneffe. 

But touching Parents, a great blame and imputation 
(how juftly I know not) is commonly laid upon the 
Mother ; not onely for her over tendemeffe, but in 
winking at their lewd courfes ; yea more, in feconding, 
and giving them encouragement to doe wrong, though it 
were, as Terence faith, againft their owne Fathers, 

I dare not fay it was long of the Mother, that the fonne 
told his Father, he was a better man, and better defcended 
than he. 

Nor will I affirme that it is her pleafure, the Chamber- 
maid (hould be more curious in fitting his rufiFe,than bis 
Mafter in refining his manners. 

Nor that it is Ihe that fiUeth the Cifteme of his kvifh 
expence, at the Vniverfitie, or Innes of Court; that 
after foure or five yearcs fpent, hee returns home as wife 
as Ammonim his Afle, that went with his Mafter every 
day to the Schoole, to heare Origen and Forphyrie reade 
Philofophy. 

But 



Of the dutie of Parents. 3 3 

But albeit many Parents have beene diligent enough 
this way, and good Mailers have likewife done their 
partSy and neither want of will or abilitie of wit in 
their Children to become Schollers, yet (whether out 
of an over-weening conceit of their towardnefle, a 
I»ide to have their ionnes out-goe their neighbours, or 
to make them men before their times) they take them 
from Schoole, as Birds out of the neft, ere they bee 
flidge, and fend them fo young to the Vniver(iti<4 that 
fcarce one among twentie prooveth ought For as 
tender plants, too foone or often remooved, begin to 
decay and die at the roote ; fo thefe young things, of 
twelve, thirteene, or foureteene, that have no more care 
than to exped the next Carrier, and where to fup on 
Fridayes and Failing nights: no further thought ok 
ihidy, than to trimme up their ihidies with Pi&ures, 
and place the fairefl Bookes in openefl view, which, ^ 
poorc Lads, they fcarce ever c^ned, or underiland 
not ; that when they come to Locicke, and the crabbed 
grounds of Arts, there is fudi a difpraportion betweene 
Arijtvtles Categmes^ and their diildiih capacities, that 
what together with the fweetneflc of libertie, varietie 
of companie, and fo many kinds of recreation in 
Towne and Fields abroad, (beeing like young Lap- 
wings apt to bee fnatched up by every Buzzard) they 
proove with Homers Willow MXc<rt#c<v>iroi, and as good 
goe gather Cockles with Cmliptlm people on the »ind, 
as yet to attempt the difficulties of 10 rough and terrible 
a paflfage. 

Others againe, if they perceive any wildneflfe or un- 
ftayednefllc in their children, are prerently in defpaire, 
and out of all hope of them for ever prooving SchoUers, 
or lit for any thin^ elfe ; neither coofider the nature of 
youth, nor the e£Fcdl of time, the Fbjfits^m pf mil. But mUmkyw^ 
to mend the matter, fend thnn either to the Court to ^^ xf^^ 
ferve as Pages, or into FrmKt and Itsly to fee falhions, 

D and 



34 Of the duty of Parents. 

and mend their manners, where they become ten times 
worfe. Thefe of all other, if they be well tempered, 
prooue the bcft mettall; yea TuUie as of neceffity 
defireth fome abundant ranknefle or fuperHuitie of wi^ 
in that young-man he would choofe to make his Orator 

%.Dt0rM9re. of. VeUtm (faith he) in adolefcente aliquod redundans & 
quod amfutem: I wiih in a young man fomething to 
fpare and which I might cut off! This taken away ere 
degenerate with luxurious abundance, like that fame 

icr. 1. II. ranke vine the Prophet leremj fpeaketh of, you fliall 
finde the heart divhto fafu editum: and found timber 
within to make Mereurie of, qui nmfit ex quavis liffM^ as 
the proverbe faith. 

And fome of a different humour will determine, even 
from the A, B, C» what calling their diildren fhali take 
vpon them, and force them euen in defpight of Nature, 
like I^curgus his whelpes,to runne contrary courfes, and 
to vndertake profeflions altogether contrary to their 
difpofitions : This, faith ErsfmuSy is, feccare in genium^ 
And certainely it is a principall point of difcretion in 
parents to be throughly acquainted with and obferue, 
the difpofition and inclination of their children, and 
indeed for euery man to fearch into the addidion of his 
Geniusy and not to wreft nature as MuCtians fay, out of 
her key, or (as Tuliie faith) tp contend vjith ker^ making 
the Spaniel to carry the Aflcs loade: which was well ob- 
ferued by the Liacedamamans and ancient Romanes^ in 
laying forth inftruments of fundry occupations before 
their children, at a certaine age, they to choofe what 
liked them beft^ and euer after to take upon them that 
profeffion whereunto they belonged. 

How many are put, by worldly and covetous fathers 
invltd Minervdj to the ftudy of the lawes (which ftudie 
I confeffe to be Honourable and moft deierving), who 
notwithftanding fpend moft of their time even in Divi- 
nitie at the Innes of the Court ? and how many Divines 

have 



of the dtity of Parents. 3 j 

have wc, (I appcalc to the Courts,) heires of their 
fathers, friends, or purchafed advoufons, whom the 
buckram bagge would not better befeeme than the Bible? 
being never out of law with their pariihioners, following 
their Suites and Caufes from Court to Court, Terme to 
Terme, no Attumey more. 

In like manner I have knowne many Commanders 
and worthy Gentlemen, afwell of our owne Nation as 
ftrangers, who following the warres, in the field and in 
their Armes, have oonfefled unto me. Nature never 
ordained them for that profeffion : had they not fakie 
accidentally upon it, eitner through death of friends, 
harflinefle of Mailers and Tutors, thereby driven from 
the Vniverfity (as an Honourable friend of mine in the 
Low Countries hath many times complained unto me :) 
or the moft common mlfchiefe, miferablenefle of greedy 
parents, the overthrow and undoing of many excellent 
and prime wits : who to fave charges, marry a daughter, 
or preferre a younger brother^ turne them out into the 
wide world with a little money in their purfes (or 
perhaps none at all) to feeke their Fortunes: where 
Necef&ty ddeds and befots their fpirits, not knowing 
what calling or oourfe to take : enforceth them defperately 
to begge, borrow, or to worfe or baier (hifts (whidi in 
their owne natures they deteft as hell) to goe on foote, 
kxlge in Ale-houfes and fort thcmfclves with the bafeft 
companie, till what with want and wandring fo Ions in 
the Circle, at laft they are (upon the center of fome hilH 
conft rained to fay (as H#rar/#/ betweene his two pillars) 
Nmt mtterim. 

Much leflle have parents now a daies that care to take 
the paines to inftrud and reade to their children them- 
felves, which the greateft Princes and nobleft perfonages 
have not bcenc afliamed to doe. OSsvim Augiifim 
Cfpgr read the workcs of CUeM and yhrgilj to his 
diiidrcn and nephewes himfelfe. Amms the daughter of 
D 1 Aiixk 



4 



Shee is cited 
b^ B. Jmtl in 
hu Apology. 



Jn Farrapru 
Epijtdarum. 



l6 Of the duty of Parents. 

Alexis the Grecian Emperour, was by her father fo 
inftruded, that while fliee was yet a young and goodly 
Lady, fliee wrote of her felfe a very learned and 
authentique Hiftory of the Church. JEmilim Faulus 
the {bnne (who fo bravely ended his dayes at Canmas 
when his Colleague fbrfooke him^ feeing the favour of 
the State not inclineable towards mm,left the City, and 
onely fpent his time in the Countrey, in teaching his 
owne children their Latine and Greeke : notwithftanding 
hee daily maintained Grammarians, Logicians, Rhe- 
toricians, Painters, Carvers, Riders of great horfes, and 
the skilfuUeft Huntfmen he could get, to inftrud and 
teach them in their feverall profeffions and qualities. 

The three daughters of ever-famous Sir Thomas 
MoorSy were by their father fo diligently held to their 
booke (notwithftanding he was fo daily employed being 
L. Chancellor of Emgland) that Erafmm faith, he found 
them fo ready and perfedl in LaUy^ that the worft Schol- 
ler of them was able to expound him quite through with- 
out any ftoppe, except fome extraordinary and difficult 
place. §1^ tns (faith he^ ant melRnulem ejjet remaraturum. 
I fliall not need to rememoer, witnin memory, thofe foure 
fifters, the learned daughters of Sir Anthony Cooie^ and 
rare Poctrefles, fo skillfull in Latine and Greeke, t>efide 
many other their excellent qualities, eternized already by 
G€mgeBmhMum. the goldcn pen of the Prince of Poets of our timej witn 
many other incomparable Ladies and Gentlewomen in our 
land, fome yet living, from before whofe faire faces Time 
I truft will never draw the curtain. 

Laftly, the fault may be in the Schollenhimfelfe, whom 
Nature hath not fo much befriended with the gift of un- 
derftanding, as to make him capable of knowledge ; or 
elfc more unjufl, difpofed him to floath, or fome other 
worfe in-bred vice. Marcus CtcerOy albeit hee was the 
fonne of fo wife, fo eloquent, and fo fober a father (whofe 
very counfell and company had beene enough to have 

put 



Of the dutie of Parents. 3 7 

put Ictming and regard of well living into the moft 
barbarous ^^^Y ^nd had Craft ffm^ fo excellent a Phik>- cutn ofc, /. i. 
fopber, to his Reader at Athens : yet by the teftimonie •^*^* ^^^*^ 
of P/r»jf, he prooved fo notorious a drunkard, that he ^tj^^t' 
would ordinarily drinke offtwo gallons of Wine at a time, m» Umt cm^s 
and became fo debauched every way, that few of that age *!^^[f'^f' 
exceeded him. Sundry the like examples might bee pro- YMmitMMim- 
duced in our times, but one of this nature is too many. /^ &yftmm. 
Others on the contrarv, are airroi(baKTOiy and have no ^ "^^^JT* 
other helpes fave God, and their ownc induftry; we •^••^*^ 
never reade of any Maftcr Ftrpi ever had. S. AugitJKme 
iikewife faith of himfelfe : Se dsdiciffe Arifiotelis CategmM 
wftmme trademte: That hee learned Arifiatles Categories y 
or Predicaments, no man inftruding him ; whid^ how 
hard they bee at tiie firft to wade thorow without a guide, 
let the Ixft wit of them all try. And Bedaowx Countrey- 
man, (for his profound learning in all Sciences) fir- 
named FAr^«^/7«r, attained to the fame within the limits 
of his Cell in Nerthamierlamdy though it is faid hee was 
once at Rome. leftpb ScaGger taught privately many 
yeeres in a Noble-mans houfe. and never made abode in 
any Vniveriitie, that ever I heard of, till called in his 
later veeres to I/yJem in HeUamd: and many admirable 
Schollers and famous men, our Age can produce, who 
never came at any Vniverfitie, except to view the Col- 
ledges, or vifit their friends, that are inferiour to few 
Dodtors of the Chaire, either for Learning or ludgcment, 
if I may fay fo. Pace matrk Academe. 



Chap. 



38 Of a Gentlemans carriage 

Chap. V. 

Of a Gentlemans carriage in the Vniverjitie. 

HAving hitherto fpoken of the dignitie of learning 
in general], the dutie and qualitie of the Mafter, 
of ready Method for underftanding the Grammar, <rf 
tiie Parent, of the child : I turne me head of mv Dif- 
courfe, with my Schollers Horfe, (whom me tninkes 
I fee itand ready brideled^ for the Vniverfitie* And 
now M. William Howard^ give mee leave (having pafled 
that, I imagine, Umtus fuerorum^ and thofe perillous 
pikes of the Grammar rules) as a well-wilier unto you 
and your fhidies, to beare you company part of the way, 
and to direft henceforth my Difcourfe wholly to your 
felfe. 

Since the Vmverptiey whereinto you are embodied, is 
not untruly called the Light and Eye of the Land, in 
regard from hence, as from the Center of the Sunne, the 
glorious beames of Knowhdge difperfe themfelves over 
all, without which a Chaos of blindnefle would repoflefle 
us againe : thinke now that you are in publike view, and 
nucikus reliSky with your gowne you have put on the 
man, that from hence the reputation of your whole life 
taketh her firft growth and beginning. For as no glory 
crowneth with more abundant praife, than that which is 
here wonne by diligence and wit : fo there is no infamie 
abafeth the value and efteemc of a Gentleman all his life 
after, more than that procured by Sloath and Error in the 
Vniverfities ^ yea, though in thofe yeeres whofe inno- 
cencie have ever pleaded their pardon ; whereat I have 
not a little mervailed, confidering the freedome and 
priviledge of greater places. 

But as in a delicate Garden kept by a cunning hand, 

and 



in the Vniverfity. 39 

and overlooked with a curious eye, the leaft diforder or 
rtnkneflle of any one flower, putteth a beautiful! bed or 
well contrived knot out of fquare, when rudenefle and 
deformity is borne withall, in rough and undrefled places : 
fo beleeve it, in this Paradife of the Mufes, the leaft 
negled and impreffion of Emnrs foot, is fo much the 
more apparrant and cenfured, by how much the facred 
Arts have p;reater intereft in the culture of the mind, 
and corre^ion of manners. 

Wherefore, vour firft care, even with pulling off your 
Boots, let be tne choice of your acquaintance and com- 
pany. For as infedHon in Cities in a time of fickncflc 
is taken by concourfe, and negligent running abroad^ 
iMien thofe that kcepe within, and are wary of themfelves, 
efcape with more fafety; fo it falleth out here in the 
Vniverfity, for this ^je hath alfo her difcafes as well 
as any other part of the body, {\ will not fay with the 
Phyfitians more) with thofe, wnofe private houfes and 
ftudics being not able to containe them, are fo cheape of 
themfelves, and fo plyable to good fellowfliip abroad : 
that in mind and manners (the tokens plainelv appearing) 
they are paft recovery ere any friend could heare they 
were ficke. 

Entertaine therefore the acquaintance of men of the 
foundeft reputation for lUtltpwu^Ufr^ and J[>4fnirji^, whole 
ooofcrence and company may bee unto you [uawrtwp ^/maIo frr«f 
l/i^rvx^ir #col vcpivorow, a living and a moving Library, ''jl^^^"" 
F9r cimftretue and camverfi vm tbefrfi M^htr of stl Arts Andromache. 
mulSaetKe^ as being the greatcft difcovery of our ignor- 
ance and increafer of knowledge, teaching, and making 
us wife by the iudgements and examples of many : and 
you muft leame herein of PUtOy ^CkoiiaOrij i^iXriKooPf #cal 
(firnruchp c&wu, that is, 7> ^ # /over tfkmowMge | defirons 
U btmrt wmch : mmA Ufilj^ to en^pure Mmd asko ofiem. 

For the companions of your recreation, confort your 
felfie with Gentlemen of your owne ranke and quafit|r ; 



40 Of a Gentlemans carriage 

for that friendfliip is beft contenting and lading. To be 
over free and familiar with inferiors, argues a bafenefle 
of Spirit, and begetteth contempt : for as one (hall here 
at the firft prize himfelfe, fo let him looke at the fame 
rate for ever after to be valued of others. 

Carry your felfe even and fairely, Tan^am inftaterM^ 
with that moderation in your fpeech and adlion, (that 
you feeme with Vljjfes^ to have Minerva alwayes at your 
elbow :) which fhotdd they be weighed by Envy her lelfe, 
(he might pafle them for currant ; that you be thought 
rather leaving the Vniveriity, than lately come thither. 
But heereto the regard of your worth, the dignity of the 
place, and aboundance of fo many faire preudents, will 
be furacient Motives to Itirre you up. 
Smtcs dstnvf Husband your time to the oeft, for. The greedy defire 
Mtvitd. €^. of gaining Time^ is a cavetoufneffe onely hanefi. And if you 
*• '• tollow the advice of Erafmm^ and the praflice of P/inine 

feamdusy Diem in eperas partiriy to divide the day into 
feverall taskes of ftudy, you (hall find a great eale and 
furtherance hereby: remembring ever to refcrre your 
moft ferious and important ftudies unto the morning. 
Which fini/beth alone (fay the learned) three parts of the 
worke. lulim Cafar having fpent the whole day in the 
field about his military amiirs, dinded the night aUb, 
for three feverall vfes : one part for his (leepe : a fecond, 
for the Common-wealth and publike bufincue ; the third, 
for his booke and ihidies. So careftill and thrifty were 
they then of this precious treafure which we as prodigally 
lavifh out, either vainely or viciouily, by whole months 
and yeeres, until] we be called to an account by our great 
Creditor, who will not abate vs the vaine e^ence of a 
minute. 

But forafmuch : as the knowledge of God, is the true 
end of all knowledge, wherein as in the boundlefle and 
immenfe Oceany all our (hidies and endeuours oudit to 
embofome themfelves : remember to lay the foundation 

of 



in the Vniverjity. 41 

of your fhidies^ Tbt feare mtd fervUe rfGpd^ by oft fre- 
quenting Prayer and Sermons, reading the Scriptures, 
and other Tradates of Piety and Devouon : which how- 
foever prophane and irreligious Spirits condemne and 
contemne, as FMti^m a Canon of Florence^ being upon 
occafion asked if hee ever read the Bible over : Tes amet T>. PnM. a. 
(quoth he) 1 resd it amte thorow^ tut never tejhv)ed my JJ^J^ 
^me njoerfe m all mj life. Beleeve you with Chjfoftame Preferring 
that the ip$ersmce rf the Serif tures^ ie the ieghmhtg, mtJ moreoyer 
fmmtmme rf mtt ewtt: That the Word of God is (as our '"^^^•''^ 
Saviour calleth it) the key rf knev)ledge ^ which gtvem hj SbeMescMf 
imf^hrgtiem rfGod^is frrftMe tp feach^ to ccMvimcey to correS fMiir, before 
mJ to imfrua in righteoufnefe. And rather let the pious ^^f*"^ "* 
and good King Alfhomfuiy be a prefidcnt unto you and (y^4, m ^ 
to all Nobility, who read over the Bible not once, nor sd 014. «^. )« 
twice, but fbureteene times, with the Poftils of Lyra and ^ "• /*• 
Burgenfisy containing thrice or fbure times as much in 7,^*^* 
quantity, and would caufe it to be carryed ordinarily /4m^. 
with his Scepter before him, whereon was engraven. 
Fro lege ^ Grege. 

And that worthy Emperour, and great Champion of 
Chriilendome, Chmrlemmgney who fpent lus day^of reft 
(after fo many glorious victories obtained of the Sitnuens 
m Sfmmey the Hmrnesy SsxenSy Gothes and Vandals in 
IjomkMrdjy and Itdjy with manjf other barbarous Nations, 
whercot millions fell under his Sword) in reading the 
holy Scriptures^ and the workes of the Fathers, efpedally ^r^"^> 
S. AugMmey and his bookes Do Ovitsie Deiy in which ^^ ^^^ 
hee toike much dclig4it : Whom befides, it is recorded, 
to have beene fo ftudious, that even in bed, hee would 
have his Pen and Inke, with Parchment at his Pillow 
ready, that nothing in his meditation, mi^ht over^lip 
his memory : and if any thing came into his mind, the 
light being taken away, a {dace upon the wall next him 
was thinly over-laid with waxe, whereon with a brafen 
pin he would write in the darke. And we reade, as 

a 



42 Offiile injpeaking and vmtingy 

a new King was created in IJrael^ he had with the orna- 
ments of his Kingly dignity, the Booke of the Law 
delivered him: Agnizing his Regall authority was lame 
and defedHve, except fwayed by- Piety and Wifedome, 
contained in that booke. Whereunto alludeth that de- 
vice of Taradine^ an Image upon a Globe, with a fword 
in one hand, and a booke in the other, with Ex vtrojue 
Cffar; and to the fame purpofe, another of our owne 
in my Minerva Britatmaj which is a Serpent wreathed 
about a Sword, placed upright upon a Bible, with the 
word, Imtium SafsentU. 

Chap. VI. 

Offiile in Jpeaking and rmting^ and 
ofHijiory. 

0^*^J' ^ Qlncc fpeech is the Charafter of a man, and the Inter- 
im preter of his mind, and writing, the Image of that : 
that fo often as we fpeak or write, fo oft we undergoe 
cenfure and iudgement of our felves : labour firft by all 
meanes to get the habit of a good ftile in {peaking and 
writing, as well Englilh as Latine. I call with nfy that 

^pZJ^^^* a good and eloquent ftile of fpeaking, TFhere there is a 
juMciam fitting cfchoife words^ apt and grave Sentences unto 
matter well dij^rfied^ the fame being uttered vjith a comely 
moderation of the voice^ countenance^ and gefiure i Not 
that fame ampuUous and Sccnicall pompe, with empty 
furniture of phrafe, wherewith the Stage, and our petty 
Poeticke Pamphlets found fo big, which like a net in 
the water, though it feeleth weighty, yet it yeeldcth 
nothing : fincebur fpeech ought to refemble Plate, where- 
in neitiier the curioufnefle of the Pidhire, or iaire ph^ 
portion of Letters, but the weight is to be regaxdcd?( ^nd 
as Vlutarch faith, when our tUrft is quenched ^efS& the 

drinke 



OrtfTt, 



Khtfwt* 



and of History. 43 

drinkc^ then wee looke upon the ennatneling and work- 
mtnfliip of the boule ;' fo firft your hearer coveteth to 
have his defire fatisfied with matter, ere hee looketh upon 
the forme or yinetry ' of words, which many times fall 
in of themfelves to matter well contrived, according to 

Rem ten$ dij^optam vel verba imnta feqmmtur : In Arte Poet. 

To matter wdl difpos'd, words of themfelves doe falL 

Let your lUle therefore bee fiimifhed with folid matter, ^ 
and comptft of the beft, choife, and moft familiar words ; * 
taking heed of fp^king, or writing fuch words, as men ^ 
ihall rather admire than underftand. Herein were 
THeriMj M. Anthemy^ and MmcemMy much blamed and 
jefted at by Auptfiny himfelfe ufii^ ever a plaine and 
moft familiar itile': ^nd as it is f^d of him, Verhtm 
mfelens trntmumm fcefubm fffupens.' Then fententious, 
yea better fumifhed with fentences than words^ and (as 
T^tty willeth) without afieftationjp for as a King faid, Bmriemoammt 
Dmm ttrfert fiudemm eUfuetuB fermuUy fniteffupt ws *^fr Vf** 
cUmcu&m mpertm iUe &fiamli£rk dscemJi modm. Flowing SK/CT" 
at one and the felfe fame height, neither taken in .and BmwrO, im 
knit up too (hort, that, like rich hangings of Arras or ^^'^v^ ^* 
Tapiflry, thereby lofe their grace and beautie, as 
TiemiJhcUs was wont to fiiy : nor fuffered to fpread fo 
farre, like foft Muficke in an raen field, wbofe delicious 
fweetnefle vanifheth, and is loft in the ayre. not beeing 
contained within the walles of a roome. In fpeaking, 
rather lay downevour words one by one, than poure them 
fborth togettier;! this hath made many men naturally 
(bwof fpSech, to feem wifely judicious, and be judidoufly 
wife; for, befide the grace it giveth to the speaker, it 
much belpeth the memory of tixt hearer, and is a good 
remedie againft impediment of fpecch. Sir Nicbelm 
Amv, foo^time Lord Chancdky of Eag/mul^ and fiither 

to 

' -Vigiimcrieleda. oTNXi).). 



44 Ofjiyle and Hjfiary. 

to my Lord of S. Altamesy a moft eloquent man, and of 
as found learning and wifedome, as England bred in 
many Ages: with the old Lord WiUiam Burghleyy Lord 
Treafurer of England • have above others herein bcene 
admired, and commended in their publique fpeeches in 
the Parliament-houfe and Starre-Chamber : for nothing 
drawes our attention more than good matter eloquently 
digefted, and uttered with a graceful!, deere, and diftinq: 
pronuntiation. 

But to be fure your ftile may pafle for currant, as of 
the richeft allov, imitate the beft Authors as well in 
Oratory as Hiltory ; bcfidc the excrcifc of vour owne 
Invention, with much conference with thofe who can 
fpeak well : nor bee fo foolifh precife as a number are, 
who make it Religion to fpeake otherwife than this or 
that Author. As Lmgolm was laughed at by the learned, 
for his fo apifli and fuperftitious imitation of TuUy^ in 
fo much as he would have thought a whde Volume quite 
marred, if the word ToffiBile had pafled his pen; becaufe 
it is not to be found in all TuUy : or every Sentence had 
not funke with, ejfepojfe videatuTy like a peale ending with 
a chime, or an Amen upon the Organes in Fault. For as 
the young Virgin to make her faireft Garlands, gathereth 
not altogether one kinde of Hower ; and the cunning 
Painter, to make a delicate beautie, is forced to mize his 
Complexion, and compound it of many colours ; the 
Arras-worker, to pleafe the eyes of Princes, to be ac- 
quainted with many Hiftories : fo are you to gather this 

Exod. 4.. Honey of eloquence, A gift ofheaveny out of many fields; 

making it your owne by diligence in coUe&ion, care in 
cxprefhon, and skill in digefUon, But let mee leade you 
forth into thefe all-flowrie and verdant fields, where fo 
much (weet varietie will amaze, and make you doubtful! 
where to gather firft. 

Octn, Firft, TuUse (in whofe bofome the Treafure of Eloquence 

feemeth to have beene locked up, and with him to have 

periihed 



of Style and Hiftory. 4^ 

perifhed) offcrcth himfclfc as Fater Bamami el9fmi: whofe 
words and ftik (that you may not bee held an Herctique 
7 all the world) you muft preferre above all other, as 
well for tiie fweetnefle, gravity, ricfanefle, and vnimitable 
texture thereof: as that his workcs are throughout 
feafoned with all kind of Learning, and rellih of a 
fingular and Chriftianlike hcHxefty. There nuamted net m r^Kim m 
him (faith Tacsttis) knewledge ofGeemetrj^ ef Muficke^ ofne *^'*^' 
mmmer ef Art that wm commemdaUe andheneft: he knew 
thefukUty 9f Lapcke^ each part rf MeraU Fhilofofly^ and 
fo forth. How well he was feene in the Civill Lawes, 
his Bookes De lepbrn^ and the Adions in Verrem^ will 
(hew you : which are the rather worthy vour reading, 
became you (hall there fee the erounds or many of our 
Lawes heere in England. For uie integrity of his mind, 
though his Offices had layne fupprcfled, let this one 
faying famong many thoufandsj perfwade you to a 
charitable opinion of the fame: A reSi cenfeientid ^^^rrmMi, 
tranfverfum unguem^ nen efertet mienmuam in emm fka vita ' '^' 
difcedere. Whereto I might adde that tale of Gyges ring 
in his Offices, which booke let it not feeme contemptible 
unto you, becaufe it lyeth tofled and tome in every 
Scboole : but bee precious, as it was fometime unto the 
old Lord Bmr^ley^ Lord high Treafurcr of England, 
before named ; who, to his dying day, would alwayes 
carry it about him, cither in his bofome or pocket, 
beeing fufficient j^as one faid of Arijhtles Rhetoriques) 
to make both a dcholler and an honeft man. Imitcte 
Tatty for his jriirafe and ftile, efpecially in his Epiftlcs 
AdAttiami his Bookes De Oratere: among his Orations, 
thofe Fre M. Marcette^ Pr# Arthia Feeta^ T. Annie 
Milene^ Sext. Rfc. Amerinef Fni. §ljdnSie: the firft 
two againft Catiline ^ and the third Adion againft 
Ferres. Thefe in my qrinion arc fuUeft of life : but 
you may vfe your cufcretion, you cannot make your 
choice amifle. 

After 



4* Of Stile and Hijlory. 

^^4r. After CicerOy I muft needs bring you Cdfar^ whom 

TuUj himfelfe confcileth of all Orators^ to have ^pnlf^» 

tkfn, lib. 4. li the mofi: eloquent and pureft Latine : Et hone bene 

tUmOmm- tdquenJs Uudem (faith he) multis literk^^ us qmdem 

SmMiltM, lii. canfequutus. And, In quo (faith §ltnntHian\ tanta viSy id 
10. Md/tUum. acumen J ea cancitath^ ut ilium eodem animo aixiffe afpareat 
quo tellavit. In nuhom there nuas fo g^eat vehemency^ that 
fine iudgementy that courage and motion^ that it feemes bee 
nurote with the fame ^irit hee fought. To reade him as 
vou ought, you muftliring with you an able judgement, 
oeiide your Didiionarv: by reafon of the diverfity ^ 
Countries, Trads, Places, Rivers, Peopl^ names of 
ancient Cities and Townes, to be fought out, in modeme, 
ftrange, and unknowne names : of materials in buildings 
(as in his bridge over the Rhine framed. Ex tignity 
tratitusy fituliSy futticiSy /ongurijSy &cJ) which, except you 
were feene in Architedture, you would hardlyunderftand: 
then ftrange names and formes of warlike Engines and 
weapons then in ufe : fundry formes of fortification, 
water-workes, and the like; which notwithftanding iince, 
have beene made knowne and familiar unto us, bv the 
painefull labours of thofe all-fearching wits, Lsf/iuiy 
Eamufy Giovanni de RamelliSy and others: and mav be 
read in Englifli excellently tranflated and iUuftrated^ by 
that learned and truely honourable Gentleman, Sir 
Clement Edmonds Knight, Clearke of his Maiefties moft 
honourable Privy Counfell, my worthy friend : though 
many excellent workes of defitrsy as his £piftl^ his 
Aftronomy, &c. through the iniquity of envious Time, 
are utterly loft and periflied, 
Ooi. T4cit. Now ofifereth himfelfe Cornelius Tadtm^ the Prince of 

Hiflorians: of whom I may not untruly fay (as Scaliger 
of Firgif) E cuius ore nil temere excidity as well for his 
diligence as gravit]^; fo comous in pl&Uing brevity, 
each Sentence carrying wit£ it a kind of lofty State and 

Majefty, 



Offiile and Hifiory. 47 

Majeftie^ fuch as ihould (me thinke^ proceed from the 
mouth of Greatne(Ie and Command ; in fenfe retired, 
deepe, and not fbrdable ' to the ordinary Reader. Hee 
doth in jpart fpeake moft pure and excellent Englilh, bjr 
the induitryofthatmoft learned and judicious Gentleman; 
whofe long labour and infinite charge in a farre greater 
worke, have wonne him the love 0f the moft learned, 
and drawn not onely the eye of Greece^ but all J^trope to 
his admiration. 

But there being, as Lipfim faith. Sum cmjue linpts 

?mui: Let me advife you of this by the way, that no 
ranflatlon whatfoever will a£Fed: you, like the Authors 
owne and proper language: for to reade him as hee 
fpake, it connrmeth our judgements with an allured 
boldncfle and confidence of his intent and meaning; 
remooving that fcruple of lelouiie we have commonly of 
ignorant and unfaitmuU pens, which deale many times 
hercin,fMfJta *fd9. Befides, it is an injury to the Author, 
who heereby kneth fomewhat of his value : like a peece 
of rich ftuflfe in a Brokers (hop, onely for that it is there 
at a fecond hand, though never wome, or newly tranflated 
butyefterday. 

The next Tttm Uviui^ whom like a milky Fountaine, r 
you fliall every where finde flowing, with fuch an elegant 
fweetnefle, fuch banquet-like varietie, that you would 
imagine other Authors did but bring your mouth out (rf* 
tafte. In his firft Decade, you have the comming oiJEmtM 
into ludjy the building of Rme^ the firft choife of the 
Senate, tiie religious rites of Nrnms^ the brave combate 
of the HoTMt^ and Cttrati/j the tiranny of TsTfrnme^ the rane 
of Lmrece by Sextm his fonne, and firft Confuls created. 

In the third the Hiftorv of the fecond Fumcke warre, 
Hsmmtmls paffiige againft the league over the River 
Uenny who after d^lS monethes fiedge, tooke Sagimtwm : 
his pafllage over the Fyrtm^tM hilies, his forraging of 

• feffdaUe \Ut : Ibrcable ttf^ > mU^U t66t : ttdi^s 1634 



48 Of Stile and Hilary. 

FrofM: after defcending the Alfesy with his overthrow 
of the Rcmames^ with his Horfe troopes at the River 
J^dno^ where Scifio (after AjHcanns) refcued his father • 
beeing very grievcHifly wounded. His fecond over- 
throw of tne Romansy at the River TreUa^ his hard 
pafl&ge in cruell weather and tempelte, over the Appenine^ 
&c. 

In the fburA, is recorded the occafion of the warre, 
againft 'BUUp King of Macedonia (concerning the comming 
in of two young men of Acamama^ into the Temple <3* 
Ceres at Athens) : Againft whom Sulpitins was fent, by 
whom the Macedonians were ouerthrowne in an horfe 
battaile : how L. Furitts fubdued the rebellious Gau/eSy 
overthrew Hamilcar with thirty five thoufand Cartha- 
gmians j with many other expeditions of Philip of Macedon 
and Sulpitiui. 

In the fift, the going out of the fire in the Temple of 
Vefta^ how Jltus Sempromus GracchnSy fubdued the CeU 
tilerian Spamardsy and built a Towne in Spaine called 
GracchttriSy after his name ^ Vofihumius AlUnins triumphed 
over the Fortugals: the number of the Citizens of Rome 
Reckoned by the poll, with the Law of Volummus Saxay 
by which no woman was to inherit, &c. 

Si:^€krtim. Bee then acquainted with ^ntus Curtiuiy who pafling 

eloquently with a faithfull penne and found iudgement, 
writeth the Life and A&s of Alexander ^ in whom you 
fliall fee the patterne of a braue Prince, for Wifedome, 
Courage, Magnanimity, Bounty, Courtefie, Agility of 
body, and whatfoever elfe were to be wifhed in Maidty ; 
till uirfeting (in the beft of his age) on his exceflive 

'jiiMi,6. Fortunes, and even burthenfome to himfelfe: by his 

overgreatnefle, he became irdfriov Ax^os ipoiiprisy an 
vnprofitable burthen of the earth, and from the darling of 
heaucn, to be the difdaine of all the world. 

SsiMm. After him (whom indeed I fhould haue preferred before, 

as being honoured with the Title of WJhris pater) 

followeth 



Of Stile and Htflory. 49 

followeth ^/ari^ oommended moft for breviticiJas alio 

for the ridmefle of his fpeech and phrafe $ but wherein 

his brevitie coofifteth, the moft are ignorant. Our 

Grammarians imagine, becaufe his Difcourfes (as they 

fay) are onely of the matter and perfons barely and 

naKedly defcrioed, without drcumftance and preparation, 

counfels and deliberations had before, e£fe^ and euents 

after: which is quite contrary ; as may bee feene by the 

Con^piracie of Catilme^ which hee might in a manner 

have fet downe in three words. But how amply, and 

with what adoe doth he defcribe it? what circumftances 

more open, more abundant, than where he faith ; Tb* 

Rmfime SoulMers teemg amaxeJ njoitb an wt^voamted wfrare^ 

tetooke thtm tp their Wempons : feme hid thtmfelueSj others 

aduifed their Cemfamiems to fiamd fieutly to it ; they were 

sfrmid in euery fUce^ the multitude of Enemies vtssfe great. 

The heauen wss okf cured wth nighty and thicie C/oudeSy 

the ferili was deu^tfuli: and Ufiljy no man knew whether 

it were fafeft for him to flye^ mr to fay by itf And let 

them now ice their error, who affirme his Difcourfe to 

bee unfiimilhed of Counfels^ Deliberations, Confulta- 

tions, &c. Is not the reafon fet downe, why lugurth 

aflaulted Cirtha at the arrivall of the Emballadours? the 

intent and preparation of the warre by MeteBm the 

Confull, laid open in an ample manner, wherein con- 

fifteth the richnefle of his Difcourfe? His brevitie 

indeed, worthy your obfervation and imitation, con- 

fifteth in (hutting up whole and wcightie Sentences in 

three word% fetching nothing afarre, or puttine in more 

than needs ; but in quicke and ftirring Afyndeta's after &«^jpr tm. 

his manner : as the moft learned haue out of him '*• ♦• *^- h 

obierved. 

And fince it is Tallies advice, as was his owne ufe (as 
himfelfe tcftificth) Nm in Fhilefephid felumyfed etiam in 
dicendi exerdtatkney sum Gnesis Latina cemjungere: By 
this time acquaint your felfe with that golden Cyri pdsdia 

E of 



J^tntUwn» 



Speciall 
Miftory. 



Hiftory, how 
divided. 



*/€.neid. 6, 



Cic, su tU 
Omtnv. 

The old Lord 
Treafurer Bur- 
lei^^ if any one 
came to cne 
LL. of the 
Counfell, for 



fo Of Stile and Hiflory. 

of Xenophony whom heere you ihall fee a couragious and 
brave Commander, marfhaUing an Army : there a moft 
grave and eloquent Philofopher, in the perfbn of Cymsy 
fhaping out unto us with Inke of NeffoTy a perfedt and 
abfolutc Prince, (to the example of all Princes and 
Nobilitie) for his ftudies, his dyet, his exercife, his 
carriage, and every way manner of living: infomudi, as 
the Noble Sdpio AfricanuSy as well in his warres abroad, 
as in peace at home, above all other held Xenopham in 
higheft regard; ever faying, he could never commend 
him fuffidently, or reade him ouer often enough. 

Hitherto have I given vou a tafte (at your owne dioice) 
as well for univerfall Hiftory, as your imitation in 
writing and fpeaking. That I account univerfall, which 
entreateth of the beginning, increafe, government, and 
alterations of Monarchies, Kingdomes, and Common- 
wealths: and to further you herein, you may reade 
luftine, Diodorus SieuluSy ZomaraSy Orojius'y of more later 
times, SaSeliicufy Cartofty with fome others. 

For fpeciall Hiftory, that reporteth the aflFaircs and 
government of particular Eftates; you have the moft 
ancient HerodotHSy the Noble and eloquent Tkmcididesy 
ArrtanuSy HalicamajfmUy FoliUtu, SuetomhtSy and others. 

All hiftorv divideth it felfe into foure branches : the 
firft fpreadetn it felfe into, and over all places, as Geogra- 
fhj\ the fecond, groweth and gathereth ftrenfi;th with 
trad of time, as Chronology: the third, is laden with 
defcents, as Genealogy', the fourth and laft (like the 
golden Bow ' Froferpma gave ^Enem\ is that, truely called 
by CicerOy Lex veritatisy which telleth us of things as they 
were done, and of all other moft properly is called 
Hifiory. For all Hiftory in times paft, laith Tuttyy was 
none other then Awnmlsmn ComfekiOy the making of 
Aimahsy that is, recording of what was done from yeere 
to yeere. But while I wander in forraigne Hiftory, let 



me 



' sic 1^54, i^^l. 



of Stile ana Hiflory. yi 

me warne you, me ^s feregrmm Jmm : that you bee not a a Licence to 
ftranger in the Hiftory of your ownc Country, which is '"^j'^Ja* 
a common fault imputed to our Englifli Travellers in famine him 
fbrreine Countries : who curious in the obfervation and ofE^Mdi if 
fearch of the moft memorable things and monuments of !^ ^^ ^™ 
other places, can fay (as a great Peerc of B^sMce tdd me) w^ia bfi him 
nothing of their owne, our Country of EmglMMd being ftay ac home 
no whit inferior to any other in tiie world, for matter of *"** ^^^"^ *"* 
Antiquity, and rarities of every kind wortiiy remarke ^JJfl*^*^"*^^ 
and admiration. Herein I muft worthily and onely Hit Bnnm 
prefcrre unto you the gkny of our Nation, M Camdem^ ^^^ ^^ *»« 
afwell for his judgment and diligence, as the purity and ^/^^ 
fweet fluence of tne Latine ftyle; and with him the rifing Hie kmu jkmgi, 
Starre of good letters and Antiquity, M lobm StUem of TttUstfUmm, 
the Inner Temple- As for GiralJm^ Geoffr^ Higdem^ hSj^^JI^- 
Ramulph of Cbeftery IVmlfiughmm a Monke of d. Allames fum^ chough 
with the reft, they did amfaculo cstcuthrt^ and tooke upon »<>« y« pnni- 
credite many a time more then they could well anfwer : IJ!^ -^^ 
that I may not omit Folydere Virpl an Italian, who did our fd%4mt vifijai 
Nation tnat deplorable injury, in the time of K. Henry «iid coour 
the eight, for that his owne Hiftory might paiTe for ^*"**"- 
currant, hee burned and embezled the beft and moft 
ancient Records and Monuments of our Abbeyes^ Priories, 
and CathedraU Churches, under colour (having a lai^e 
Commiffion under the Great Scale) of making learch for 
all fuch memuments^ mMtnfc, records, L^tr hoekes^ &c. as 
miffht make for his purpofe : yet for all this he hath the 
ill kicke to write nothing well, fave the life of Hemj the 
ieventh, wherein hee haid reafon to take a little more 
paines then ordinary, the booke being dedicated to Hemry 
the eight hb fonne. 

No fubjed afiedcth us with more delight then Htfinyy 
imprinting a thouftnd formes upon our imaginations, 
from tlie circumftanccs of Place, Perfon, Time, Matter, 
manner, and the like. And, v/hMt cam it mitre freftMe 
(faith an ancient Hiftorian) thmt fittmg cm tke Suge ef olodonu 
E 1 btmmie *»«*»«• 



f 2 Of Style and History. 

himumi life, to be made loife by their example ^ 'who have 
trod the path of errour and danger before us ? Bodin tels 
vs of fome, who have recovered their healthes by reading 
of Hiftorv ; and it is credibly affirmed of King Alphon^ 
fui^ that tne onely reading of Hgmt. Curtiw^ cured him of 
a very dangerous fever. If I could have beene fo rid of 
my late quartane ague, I would have faid with the fame 
good King : Valeat Avicenna^ vivat Curtitts' and have done 
him as much honour, as ever the cUans their Hippocrates^ 
or the Sun-bumd iEgyptians their JSfeulapiw, 

For Morality and rules of well living delivered with 

fuch fententious gravity, weight of reafon, fo fweetned 

PAir^rdb. how with lively and apt limilitudes, entertaine Fltaarth* 

highly valew. ^hom according to the opinion of Ga^a the world would 

learned?* ' * preferve, Ihould it be put to the choice to receive one 

onely Author (the Sacred Scriptures excepted) and to 

burne all the reft: efpedally his Lives and Morals. 

The juft praife After him, the vertuous and aivine Seneca^ who for that 

of&fMM. he lived fo neere the times of the Apoftles, and had 

familiar acquaintaince with S. Faul (as it is fiippofed by 

thofe EpifUes that pafle under either names) is thought 

in heart to have beene a Chriltian; and certes fo it 

feemeth to me, by that Spirit, wherewith fo many rules 

of Patience, Humility, Contempt of the world, are 

refined and exempt nom the degrees of Paganifme, 

Some fay that about the beginning of Neroes raigne, he 

jn vifs Strues. came ovcr hither into Britaine : but moft certaine it is, 

he had divers lands beflowed on him here in England^ 

and thofe fuppofed to have laine in Eflex neere to 

Camalodunum^ now Maldon, 

Againe, while you are intent to fbrraine Authors and 
Languages, forget not to fpeake and write your owne 
properly and ebquently : whereof (to fay truth) you fhall 
have tne greateft vfe, (fince you are like to live an 
eminent perfon in your Countrey, and meane to make 
no profeflSon of SchoUerfhip.) I have knowne even 

excellent 



of Stile and Hiflory. s 3 

excellent Schollers fo defedive this way, that when they 
had beene beating their braines twenty or foure and 
twenty yeeres about Greeke Etymologies, or the Hebrew 
Roots and Rabbines, could neither write true Englifli, 
nor true Orthography: and to have heard them difcourfe 
in publike, or privately at a Table, you would have 
thought vou had beard Lay talking to his Pi^es, or Ulm 
d€ ImdmgiM€ declaiming in the praue of wild-geefe: other- 
wife for their iudgement in the Arts and other Tongues 
very fufficient 

To helpc your felfe herein, make choice oF thofe 
Authors in Profe^ who fpeake thie beft and pureft Enfi;li(h. 
I would commend unto you (though fhxn more Anti- 
quity) the Life of Kichmrd the third, written by Sir 
ThowMs Moore '^ the AnsMs of the Noble Sir Fbiiip 
Sidmtyy whom Du Bmim makes one of the foure Columnes 
of our Language ; the Ejpyesy and other peeces of the The late pub. 
excellent Matter of Ekwuence, my Lord of S. Alhrntes^ ^'^]tt "^ 
who poflefleth not onely Eloquence, but all good Learning, fe^h. 
as hereditary both by Father and Mother. You have 
then M. Hooker his Folsn: Hem the fourth^ well 
written by S. lotm H^^mr/-^ that firft part of our En^lifli 
Kings, by M. Smimol DsmioL There are many oUiers 
I know, but thefe will taft you beft, as proceeding fh>m 
no vulgar iudgement : the laft Earle of Northmmftou in his 
ordinary ftile of writing was not to be mended. Procure 
then, it vou may, the fpeeches made in Parliament : 
frequent learned Sermons : in Terme time refort to the 
Starre-Chamber, and be prefent at the Pleadings in 
other publike Courts, whereby you (hall better your 
fpeech, enrich your underftanding, and get more experi- 
ence in one moneth, than in other finire, by keeping 
your MelancfaoUy Study, and by folitary Meditation, 
imagine not that hereby I would oind you horn reading 
all other bookes, fince there is no booke fo bad, even 
Sir Bevis himfcVe, Ovfle^sffe^ or Mf/Sri Hpfrti^ but 

fome 



Stnee* Efif. 
top. 

The Eoiftles 
of Bookes, oft 
cimef the beft 
peeceof chem. 



i- 



How CO keepe 
your bookes. 



The anfwer of 
King Mfhgn- 
fiu, concern- 
ing Vitmvim, 



^4 Of Stile and Hijlory. 

fomc commodity may be gotten by it. For as in tbe, 
fame pafture, the Oxe findeth fodder, the Hound a Hare; 
the Stork a Lizard, the faire maide flowers; fo we cannot, 
except wee lift our felves (faith Seneca) but depart the 
better from any booke whatfoev^^ 

And ere you begin a booke, forget not to reade the 
Epiftle; fbr commonly they are the beft laboured and 
j[Senned. For as in a garment, whatfoever the fluffe be, the 
owner (for the moft part) afiefteth a coftly and extra- 
ordinary Bidng } and in the houfe of a countrey Gentle- 
man, the porch, of a Citizen, the carved gate and painted 
poftes carry away the Glory from the reft; fo is it with our 
common Authors, if they have any wit at all, they fet it 
like Velvet before, though the backe, like (a bankerupts 
doublet) be but of poldavy or buckram. 

Afied not as fome doe, that bookifli Ambition, to be 
ftored with bookes and have well furnifhed Libraries, yet 
kecpe their heads empty of knowledge: to defire to 
have many bookes, and never to ufe them, is like a child 
that will have a candle Burning by him^ all the while he is 
fleeing. 

Laftly, have a care of keeping your bookes handfome, 
and well bound, not cafting away overmuch in their 
eliding or flringing for oftentation fake, like the prayer- 
bookes of girles and gallants, which are carryed to Church 
but for their out-fides. Yet for your owne vfe fpare 
them not for noting or enterUning (if they be printed), 
for it is not likely you meane to be a gamer by them, 
when you have done with them : neither fuffer them 
throum negligence to mold and be moath-eaten or want 
their firings and covers. 

King Alphonfus about to lay the foundation of a Caftle 
at Naples y called for VitruviMs his booke of Architedlure; 
the booke was brought in very bad cafe, all dufty and 
without covers : wh&i the King obferving faid, He that 
mufi C9ver,vs ally tnuft not gpe uncovered himfelfe: then 

com- 



and 
iret. 



Of Cofmography. y f 

commanded the booke to be faircly bound and brought 
unto him. So fay I, fuffer them not to lye negleded, 
who muft make you regarded ; and goe in torne coates, 
who muft apparel] vour mind with the ornaments of 
knowledge, above tne roabes and riches of the moft 
Magnificent Princes. 

To avoyde the inconvenience of moathes and moldi- 
neflc, let your fiudy be placed, and vour windowes open, Mmn 
if it may be, towards the EafL for where it lookcth South Pi««rei 
or Weft, the aire being ever Uibied to moifture, moathes 
are bred and darkifhnefle encreafed, whereby your maps 
and pidures will quickly become pale, loofmg their life 
and cokxirs^ or rotting upon their doath, or paper, decay 
paft all helpe and recove^. 



Chap. VII. 
Of Cofmography. 

THat like a ftranger in a forrainc land, ye may not 
wander without a guide, ignorant of tbofe places by 
which vou are to paflle, and fticke amufcd ; amazed in 
the Laoyrinth of Hiftmj : Ctfrmgrapby a fecond ArimJmt^ 
bringing lines enough, is come to your delivery, whom 
imagine ftanding on a faire hill, and with one hand, Uendiaiu, 
pointing and dubourfing unto you of the Codeftiall p«»Wi,&c. 
dphacre, the names, ufes, and diftindUons of every circle, 
whereof it confifteu^ the fcituation of Regions according 
to the fame, the reatan of Climates, length and fliortnefle 
of daycs and ni^ts, motion, rifmg and fetting as well of 
ittd ftars, as emtique, elevation of the Pole, ParalcUs. 
Meridians, and whatloever elfe refpedeth that Codeftiall 
body. 

With 



y6 Of Cojmography. 

With the other hand downeward, fhee flieweth you 
the globe of the earth, (diftinguifhed by Seas, Moun- 
taines, Rivers, Rockes, Lakes and the like), the fubjed 
of Geop;raphie which defined according to Vtolemy and 
others, is an imitation of the face (b^ draught and pidlure) 
of the whole earth, and all the principall and knowne 
parts thereof, with the mofb renurkeable things thereunto 
bebnging. 

A fdence at once both feeding the eye and minde 
with fuch incredible variety, and profitable pleafure, 
that even the greateft kings and Philofophers have not 
onely bcftowecf the beft part of their time in the con- 
templation hereof at home, but to their infinite chaise 
IQid perill of their perTons, nave themfelves travailed to 
anderfland the Scituation of farre countries, bounds of 
Seas, qualities of Regions, manners of people and the 
like. 
The neccflity So neceflary fi^r the underftanding ot Hiftory (as I 
afcofmogra. j^^^^^ f^. jj ^^^ ^^^ ^y^g ^^ ^ott^ (wherein no fmall 

part of the treafure of humane learmng lyeth hid) that 
without it we know not how the moft memorable enter- 
prifes of the world have bin carryed and performed ; we 
are ignorant of the growth, flourifli and fall of the firft 
Monarchies, whereat Hifiary taketh her head and begin- 
ning: we conceive nothing of the government, and 
commodities of other nations, wee cannot jud^e of the 
ftrength of our enemies, diiUnguifh the limits betweene 
kingdome and kingdome, names of places from names 
of people: nay (with Mtmfier Gatflart) wee doubt at 
Park whether wee fee there the fame Mbone wee have 
at Ltmdan or not : on the contrary, we know this and 
much more, without expofm^ (as in old time) our bodies 
to a tedious travaile, but with much more eafe, having 
the world at will, or (as the faying is) the world in a 
fbing, in our owne chamber. How prasjudidall the 
ignorance of Geography hath beene unto Princes in 

fbrraine 



OfCofmography. yy 

forraine expeditions againft their enemies, unfortunate 
Cyrm will tell you, who being ignorant of Oaxk and the 
heights, was overthrowne by Thomms the Scythian 
Queene; and of two hundred thoufand Ferfisns in his 
army, not one efcaped through his unskitfiilnefle herein, 
as hifime reporteth. 

And at another time what a memorable yi&orv to 
his perpetual] glory cariyed Leouiddu from the Ferfiamsy 
onely for that tiiey were unacquainted with the ftreights 
cS * ThermcfiU. ♦ThermooyI« 

And the foule overthrow that Craftu received by the ^^i^^"*"' 
^Psrtti^SjWzs imputed to nothing elfe, than his ignorance chorow which 
of that Country, and the paflages thereof. ch«K » a ftnic 

Alexander^ therefore, Uking any enterprife in hand, "ff * "J^iT 
would firft caufe an exadl mappe of the countrv to bee roncdwich a 
drawne in coUours, to confider where were the fafeft rough Tea and 
entrance, where he might paflc this River, how to fo^^"ft^J„ 
avoyde that Rock, and in what place moft commodioufly che weU ofhoc 
to «ve his enemy battaile. waten which 

Such is the pleafure, fuch is the profit of this admirable jJJJJ^7i^ 
knowlec^e, wnich account rather in the number of your rock? 
recreations than feverer ftudies, it being befide quickly, coTmognphy 
and with much eafe attained unto. Prince Hemry of L^Sw^ftiiy 
etemall memory, was herein very ftudious, bavins ^ 
for his inftrudour that excellent Mathematician, and 
(while hee lived) my loving friend Mafter Edioard 

To the attaining of perfedion herein, as it were your The priodplef 
firft entrance, you are to leame and underftand certaine ef^Tf^ 
Geometrktll definitions, which are firft PinvArMr, or a £|riM^. 
pricke; a line, a Smfeffdes either olaine, Cmvexe or i 
Cmfcsve^miT Angles right, blunt ana flitrpe. Figures, / 
Circles. Scmidrcks, tlie Diameter, Triangles, Squares ' 
of all (orts, parakUs and the like, as Mafter B/tmdeviU 
in his firft booke of the ^haere will (hew you ; for you 
Ihall have ufe of many or thefe, to the underftandinff 

thereof. 



f 8 of Cofmoffraphy. 

thereof. Cofmography containeth Aftronomy, Aftrology, 
Geography and Chorography. Aftronomy confidereth 
* Vide asvius in the magnitude and motions of the coeleftiall bodies*. 
Sdcnhfn, edit. The Corfeftiall bodies are the eleven heavens and 
'''^- Sphxres. 

The eleventh heaven is the habitation of God and his 

Angels. 
The tenth the firft moover. 
The ninth the Chriftalline heaven. 
The eighth the ftarry firmament. 
The Planet* in Then tibe feven Planets in their order, which you may 
their order, remember in their order by this vcrfe. 

Poft Sim SVMfeamtur^ vltima luVNAfuhtfi: 
Would ^w coimt the Planets foone^ 
Remember SIMSVM ohJ the MO ONE. 

The firft Letter S for Satume^ I for lupiter^ M for 
Mars^ S for the Sumte^ V Venus ^ M Mercury: laftly, the 
Mome. 

The Imperial! Heaven is immoveable, moft pure, 
immenfe in quantity, and cleere in quality. 

The tenth Heaven or firft moover, is alfo moft pure, 
and cleare, and maketh his revolution in foure and 
twenty houres, carrying with the fwiftnefle, the other 
Heavens violently from Eaft to Weft^ from tiieir proper 
revolutions, whidi is from Weft to Eaft. 

The ninth, or ChrUlalline heaven, moveth by force of 
the firft mover, firft from Eaft to Weft, then fixmi Weft 
to Eaft upon his owne poles, and accomplifheth his 
revolution in 3^000 yeeres. And this revolution being 
finiihed. Plat9 was of opinion, that the world Ihould be 
in the lame ftate it was before; I Ihould live and print 
fuch a booke againe, and you reade it in the fame apiMU-ell, 
and the fame age you are now in. 

Two Schollers in Germany having laine fo long in an 

Innc, 



of Cofmography. f 9 

Inoc, that thev bad not oaelv fpent all their Money, txit a merry tale 
alfo ran into debt fome two hundred Dollers : told their «^J^o P«>'« 
Hoft of FlMt^s great yeare : and how that time fixe and i^, Aoft! 
thirty thoufand yeeres the world Ihould bee aeaine as it 
was, and they Ihould be in the fame Inne and Chamber 
againe and defu-ed him to truft them till then : Quoth 
mine Ho(^ I beleeve it to be true : and I remember fixe 
and thirty thoufand yeeres a goe you were heare, and left 
juft fuch a reckoning behind to pay, I pray you Gentle- 
men difchar^e thathri^ and I will truft you tor the next. 

The eighth Heaven or glorious ftarry Firmament, hath 
a threefold motion, ('<«'»•) ^m Eaft to Weft in foure 
and twenty houres, jeamdum frhmim MoUh: then from 
Weft to £aft, according to the motion of the ninth 
Heaven : then fometimes to the South, and fometime 
towards the North, called matm trefidsfsomk. 

Touching the motions of the Planets^ fince you may 
hive them m every Almanacke, I willingly omit them. 

The Spheare of the world confifteth of ten Circles, Divifionofclie 
the iEquinodiall, the Zodiack^the two Colures, the Spheare. 
Horizon, the Meridian, the two Tropiques, and the two 
polar Circles. 

The iEouinodiall, is a circle dividing the worU, as T\^^^^' 
in the midft, equally diftant from the two poles : it con- 
taineth three hundred and fixty degrees, which being mul* 
tiplyed by fixty, (the number of miles in a degree) make 
one and twenty thoufand and fixe hundred miles, which 
is the oompafic cf the whole earth. The third part of 
which (being the Diameter) about feven thoufand and 
odde miles, is the thickneile of the fame. Thofe who 
dwell under the ^uinodiall, having no Latitude either 
to the North or South, but their dayes and nights ahraycs 
of an equall length. 

The Zodiicke is an oUicke circle, dividing the Spheare The Zoducke. 
athwart the iCquinodiaO into points, (viz.) the be- 
ginning of Aries tod Uirs: In the midft whereof is 

the 



6o Of Cofmography. 

the Edipticke line ; the vtmoft limits thereof are the two 
Tropiques, Cancer and Caprkome: the length thereof is 
three hundred and fixty degrees, the bredth (ixteene. It 
is divided into twelve fignes, fixe Northerly, and fixe 
Southerly: the Northerne are, Arses^ Tamrus^ Cancer^ 
Gemimiy LeOyFTrgo ; the Southerne, JJbra^Scorpio^ Sapttariuty 
CafricomuSy Aquimm^ 'Unifies : he tumeth upon Ms owne 
poles from Weft to Eaft. 

The Colures. Thetwo Colures, aretwoffreat moveable Circles, pafling 
thorow both the Poles of the world, eroding one another 
with right Sphericall Angles : fo that like an Apple cut 
into fmre quarters, they divide into equall i^rts the 
whole Sphere : the one pafTeth through the iEquinodUall 
pointsand poles of theworld, and iscaUed the iEquino&iall 
Colure : the other pafleth thorow the Solftitiall points, 
and is called the Solftitiall Colure. 

The Horixoiu The Horizon, is a Circle immoveable, which divideth 
the upper Hemifphere, or halfe part of the world from 
the netiier : it haUi the name ofdplC^j which is termino^ or 
to bound or limit; becaufe, imagine you ftood upon 
High-gatiy or the Tower hiU at GreenewicAy fo farre as 
you may fee round about as in a circle, where the heaven 
leemeth to touch the earth, that is called the Horizon : 
The poles whereof, are the point juft over your head, 
called Zenith in Araiian ; and the ether under your feete, 
pafling by the Center of the world, called Nadir. 

The Meridian. The Meridian Is an immoveable drde, pafling thorow 
the poles of the world : it is called the Meridian, of Meri^ 
^/>x Noonetide, becaufe when the Sun rifing from the Eaft 
toucheth this line with the Center of his tody, then it is 
noone to thofe over whofe Zenith that Circle pafleth^ 
and midnight to their Antipodes^ or thofe who are iuft 
under them in the other world. 

The number of Meridians, are i8o. (allowing two to 
every degree in the iEquinodliall) which all concenter in 
either pole, and are the vtmoft bounds of Longitude. 

By 



Of Cofmography. 6i 

By thcMeridian, the Longitude of allplacesis gathered, 
and what places lye more Eafterly or Wefterly from 
either. 

The Lo^tude cf any place, is that diftance you find Longicude. 
upon the i^uinodiall, betweene the Meridian of the 
friace, whofe Longitude you defire : and the firft Meri- 
dian which dired^ pafleth over the Csmmj^ or Fortunate 
Hands : which diftance or fpace you muft account by the 
degrees, purpofely fet upon the Brazen Circle : or if you 
pleafe by miles, allowii^ fi^ty to every degree. Longi- 
tude is onely taken Eaft and Weft. 

Latitude is the diftance of the Meridian, betweene LuitiKie. 
the vertical! point (or pole of the Horizon) and the 
yGquinodUall,beingever equall to the height, or elevation 
of the pole above the Horizon : or more plainely, the 
diftance of any place, cither North or South from the 
iEquinodiall, which you are to take (upon the ftanding 
Globe) by the degrees of the brazen Meridian, that 
Countrey or place in the Globe, whofe Latitude you 
defire, being turned dire&ly under it. 

The Tropicke of Cmtcer is an imaginary Circle betwixt of che Tro- 
the yEquinodiall and the Ardicke Circle: which Circle P*^"' 
the Sunne maketh about the thirteenth day of lune, 
declining at his fartheft from the iEquinodiall, and 
comming Northerly to vs-ward : then are our dayes at 
the longeft, and nights (horteft. CMfric^rwe the uke to 
the Antardicke Circle, making our dayes the fhorteft 
about the twelfth of December. 

The ArdUcke Circle (anciently accounted the Horizon The Araicke 
of Grttce) is a fmall circle : the Center whereof is the ^'"^*- 
North-pole of the world, which is invifible; It is fo called 
from jirBos the Beare, or Chm^hs Wdne^ the Northeme 
Starre, being in the tip of the taile of the faid Beare. 

The Antardicke, which is neere to the South pole, and The Aw- 
anfwering the other under us. arakkcirdc. 

But I had rather you lcarn*d thefe principles of the 

fpbere 



The Sea. 



A Gulfe. 



A Screighc. 



A Haven. 



A Lake. 



Of the Earth. 
A Continent. 



An Hand. 



62 Of Cofmography. 

fphcre by demonftration, and your owne diligence (being 
tiie kbour but of a few houres) than by meere vcrball dc- 
fcription, which profiteth not fo much in Mathematical! 
demonftrations. 

We will therefore defcend to Geography, which is more 
eafie and familiar : (the definition I gave you before.) 
I come to the fubjed, the Terreftriall Globe, which is 
compofed of Sea and Land. 

The Sea is a mighty water, ebbing and flowing con- 
tinually about the whole Earth, whofc parts are diverfly 
named according to the places whereupon they bound. 
In the Eaft it is called the Indsan Sea; in the Weft the 
Atlanticke^ fo named from the Mount Atlas in Mauris 
tansa ; in the North, the Hypertorean ; in the South, the 
MeridimaUy or South Sea, commonly called Mar-deUzur. 

The Mediterranean fea, is that which ftretcheth it felfe 
by the middeft of the earth from Weft to Eaft, dividing 
Europe^ Afia and Africa. 

Sinus (ora Gulfe^ is a part ot the fea, infinuating and 
embofoming it feUe within the land, or betweene two 
feverall lands : as the gulfe of Venice^ the Ferfian gulfe, 
the Red Sea, Sinus Mexicanus^ Venmlius^ Gangeticus. 

Fretum (or a StreighQ is a narrow paflage betweene two 
lands, as the Streight ot Magellan^ Anian^ Gitra/terre^ fSc, 

An Haven^ is the entrance of the Sea within the land, 
at the mouth of fome River o^ Creeke, where fliippes 
may ride at Anchor. 

A J^*^ is a great and wide receptacle of water, ever 
ftanding ftill, and not moving out of the place ; as the 
Lake A^haltites^ Lacus LariuSy or Lago diComon^ Laufanna 
by Geneva^ &c. 

The earth, is either Continent or Hand. 

A Continent is the land, continued without any divifion 
of Sea, as the Low Countries to Germany ^ that to AuJMa^ 
Aujhia to Hungary y &c. 
An Handy called Infula^quafiin Sahy isaland encompafled 

round 



of Cofmography. 6 3 

round with the Sea, as Great Britaine^ Ireland^ Corpca^ 

An IftbrnMy or Cherpmefut^ is a Strelght or necke of An ifthmuj. 
land bctweene two Seas, Cimkrica^ dfer/hmefiny Tattricay 
At/resy and jichsica. 

Femmfmla{juafif€mi Infula) is a Land environed with the Peninfula. 
Sea, except at fome narrow place or entrance; as that 
vafte Continent of Peru and Brafile in America^ were an 
Hand, but for that Streight or Necke of land, betweene 
Fsmama and Nomire de dios: which FUltp the fecond. 
King of SfoiMty was once minded to have cut for a (horter 

Sflage for fhips into the South Sea, but upon better dc- 
leration he gave over his projeA. 

A CMfe or head of Land, is the utmoft end of a Pro- a cape. 
montory, or high Land ; (landing out into the Sea : as 
the Cape De Bitama Spera»z£y Cape Meudoxino^ S. Vmeemiy 
Cape Verdty the great Cape S. Augufi'me in America^ &c. 

Proceeding now to vnderftand tne feverall parts and 
Regions of tne world, with their fdtuation (as it is meet, 
dwelling in an boufe, you fhall know all the roomes 
thereof) you may if you pleafe, obferve Ftolames Method, ^^T^i^ 
beginning firft with JEwtj>r; and herein withourNortheme JJ^^/*" 
Ilands of Great Britrnme^ Ireland^ the OnhadeSy and Thttk^ 
which are the Contents of his firft Table, and fo forth 
into Eurft : but be was erronious in his defcriptk>ns, 
obfcure by reafon cf his Antiquity, the names of places 
flnce diangtd ; Navigation by the benefit of the Load- 
ftonc. pericded ; the want whereof heretofore hath beene 
occaiion of infinite errors among the ancients, as well 
Divines as Hiftoriographers and Geographers : as Xi^iff- 
rnmtim and S. Amptfime^ could never be perfwaded, 
that there were Antipodes, or people going feete rbe funarv 
to feete under us; the contrary whereof experience errowof Hif- 
hath Uught us. ATrimmm^ that much efteemed Greeke JJJJj^Vfrt'tam 
Author, affirmed the fdtuation of Gtrmtmy to be very of skill in 
neeretothe/MvyarrSea. 5/i;p/'4nr«ralfo, another Countrey- Gcograpiiy. 

man 



what to 
obferve in a 
ftrange 
Count rey. 



Of the 

Mariners 

Compafle. 



64. Of Cojmography. 

man of his, faith that Vtefma was a Citie of Galilee. 
Strata faith, that Danuths hath his head neere to the 
jidriafiipie Sea, which indeed (being the greateft River 
of Europe) rifeth out of the hill Amcta in Germany^ and 
by Htmgaria and many other Countries, runneth into 
Sclavoma^ receiving threefcore other Rivers into his 
Channel! : it is therefore farre more fafe to follow our 
later Writers. 

In every Countrey (to give one inftance for all) in 
your obfervation you are to follow this Method: firft to 
know the Latitude, then the Longitude of the place, the 
temperature of the Climate, the g^nefle or barrennefle 
of theground,thelimitsof theCountrey,how it is bounded 
by Sea or Land, or both ; by Eaft, Weft, North or South : 
into what Provinces it is divided within it felfe, the com- 
modities it affbordeth, as what Mines, Woods or Forrefts j 
what Beafts, Fowles, Fiflies, Fruits, Herbs, Plants; 
what Mountaines, Rivers, Fountaines and Qties : 
what notable matter of wonder or Antiquitie: the 
manners, ihape, and attire of the people ; their building; 
what Ports and Havens ; what Rockes, Sands, and fucb 
like places of danger, are about the place : and laft of 
all, the Religion and government of the Inhabitants. 

You (hall have drawne upon your Globe or Mappe, 
upon the vafteft Seas (where moft roome is to bee fpared) 
a round figure, reprefenting the Mariners Compafle, 
with the two and thirtie winds; from every of which 
there runneth a line to the Land, to fome famous Citie, 
Haven, or either * ; to ihew you, in that Sea and place 
what courfe you arc to keepe to gpe thither, whether 
full North, North-eaft, South, or South-weft, and fo 
forth. Thefe winds, of the Spaniards are called Ramies : 
and for that Calumtus and Ve^tius^ Italians^ with others, 
firft difcovered the Eaft and Weft Indies*^ the eight 
principall winds, are commonly exprefled in the Italian. 

This 

' other i^^i. 



of Cofmography. 6f 

This Compafle hath the Needle in manner of a-Flovtrre- 
deltice, which pointeth ftill to the North. 

I could wifh you now and then, to exercife your Pen Waflung ot 
in Drawing and imitating Cards and Mappcs ^ as alfo ^|*?^{*'^ 
your Pencifi in wafhing and colouring fmall Tables of SiWt,^ 
Countries and places, which at your leafure you may in proficabit co a 
one fortnight eafily learne to doe : for the practice ot the '«">«'• 
hand doth fpeedily inftniA the minde, and ftrongly con- 
firme the memory beyond any thing elfe ; nor thinke it 
any difgrace unto you, fince m other Countries it is the 
pra&ice of Princes, as I have fhewed heretofore : alfo 
many of our youn^ Nobilitie in Emglmid exerdle the 
fame with great fehcitie. 

I have feene French Cards to play withall, the foure 
fuites changed into Maps of fcverall Countries, of the 
foure parts of the workl, and exadly coloured for their 
numbers, the figures i. 2. ]•- -o* lo. and fo forth, fet over 
the heads: for the Kings, C^enes, and Knaves, the 
Pourtraies of their Kings andQueenes^ in their feverall 
Countrey habits : for the Knave, tiBeir Peafants or Slaves : 
which ingenious device, cannot be but a great furtherance 
to a young capacity, and fome comfort to the infortunate 
Gamefter : when, that he hath loft in Money, bee (hall 
have dealt him in land or wit. 



Chap. 



66 Obfervations in Survey of the Earth. 



Cuumriet had 
not their 
fcieuacions by 
chance. 



The wic and 
confticucion of 
men, accord- 
ing to the 
temper of the 
body. 



Mount ainers 
more barbar- 
ous than thole 
of (he rallies. 



Chap. 8. 
Obfervations in Survey of the Earth. 

FIrft, bow Almighty God by his Divine providence 
fo difpofed the Earth in the firft Creation (not 
falling out by diance, as fome have thoi^ht) that one 
Countrey, in one place or other, is fo necrely ioyned to 
the next ; that if after it might hajppen to be over-peopled, 
as well man as beafl, by fome Imall flreight or paflage 
might eafily be provided of a new habitation : which 
Acofta hath well obferved, refolving vs that doubt, how 
wilde beafls, as Wolues, Foxes, Beares, and other harme- 
fuU beafls, fhould fwim over fo vaft Seas, and breede in 
Hands. 

Secondly, how the wit, difpofition, yea, devotion and 
ffa-ength of man, fblloweth the quality and temperature 
of the Climate ; and many times the Nature of the foyle 
where he lines : as we fee the Eafleme people of the 
world very quicke in their inventions, fuperflitious vnto 
Idolatry, as in Chinay Calecuty lava^ and other places. 
On the contrary, thofe as farre North in Tjoplmi^ Ifelandy 
and other places, as dull, and in a manner fencelefle of 
Religion, whereupon they are held the mofl notorious 
Witches of the World. 

We fee thofe that inhabite Mountaines, and mountain- 
ous places, to be farre more barbarous and uncivill, than 
thofe that liue in the plaines : witnefle the Inhabitants 
of the huge hils Sierras^ and the Andes in Afnmca^ the 
mountainous North part of Hova Brancta^ the Navarrok 
in Spasney and the Highland men in Scotland. 

We fee and finde it by experience, that where the foile 
is dry and fandy, the aire is mofl pure ^ and confequently 

the 



Obfervations in Suney (if the Earth. 67 

the fpirits of the Inhabitants adtive and fubtile, aboue 
thofe who inhabite the Fens and Mariflies. 

Thirdly, confider the wonder of wonders, how the ofthcOccin, 
Ocean (o farre diibmt, holdeth motion with the Moone, ^^^JJ^i'""* 
filling our (hoares to the brim fix>m the time of her mociont 
appearing above the Horizon, untill fhe hath afcendcd thereof, 
the Meridian: then decreahng as much untill fhee 
toucheth the line of midnight, making her tide twice in 
foure and tweqty boures and odde minutes: how the 
Atlanticke or Wcfterne Ocean is moft rough and 
dangcrfuU, the South Sea, or Del Zmt^ albeit of infinite And fo fwift, 
yafmefle, on the contrary fo calme and quiet, that you 5^ ^"^ 
feeme rather to faile upon dry land than water. julufJ^ior 

How in the Sea of Cs/eari it is hish water, but at the He of 8. 
every full Moone ; in the Sea by the more of Im^Sy but '-«»««) ^^ 
at every New Moone : how in the maine Ocean the I^7^«. 
current ninnes from Eaft to We^ toward the ftreight buc are hoc * 
of MagellMty but from Weft to Eaft in the MeMter^ «We co rerarne 

Fourthly, how in one place the North-wind, as upon from Sfmm 
the Coaft of Stytkia^ neere the mouth of the great River >«« Amme^ 
Dmrna^ bloweth in a manner perpetually, fo that the Weft iJi/^"^^' 
or South-weft winds are fcarce Icnowne. rccame in 3. 

In another, the Eaft; in the lmJim$ Sea the winds monecht. 
keepe their tumes, obfcuring the courfe of the Sunne, J^^.^U^*^* 
which being in jiries and Ukra^ the Wefteme winds 
bkiw perpetually. 

Neither Icfle admirable are the in-land floods, and Theftnnge 
frclh waters for their properties, as NUms^ who oaety by |J22*aiid^ 
his over flowing, maketh ^Bgyfi fertile (where it never | ,wy, * 
raincth.) Earifm an arme of the Sea by Etikes (an lland 
of the Sf§rmdes in the ^gesm Sea) which ebbeth and 
floweth feven times in a day. Likewife, mudi may bee 
laid of our Lakes and Fountaines in Emglsmd^ Scmlmmd^ 
and Irelsmdy of turning Wood into Stone, Iron, and the 
like. 

F a Fifthly, 



Beafts and 
birds ufefuU 
CO man, live 
in heards and 
flockes. 



Of the crea- 
tures in hoc 
and cold 
countries. 



Of Riven. 



of certaine 
Hands caft 
up by Seas and 
Rivers. 



<J8 Obfervations in Survey of the Earth. 

Fifthly, it is worthy the confideration, how the Divine 
wifedome for the behoofe of mankind^ hath fet an enmity' 
betweene Birds and Beafts, of prey and rapine, who 
accompany not by heards: as Lyons, Beares, Dogges, 
Wolves, Foxes, Eagles, Kites, and the like ; which if 
they (hould doe, they would undoe a whole Countrey : 
whereas on the contrary, thofe which are necef&ry and 
ufefuU for mankind, live gregatimy in heards and flockes, 
as Kine, Sheepe, Deere, Pigeons, Patridges, Geefe, &c. 

Sixthly, how Nature hath provided for the Creatures 
of the Northeme parts of the world, as Beares, Dogges, 
Foxes, &c. not onely thicke skinnes, but great ftore of 
haire or feathers, to defend them from the extremity of 
the cold there : on the other fide, to thofe in Gmana^ by 
reafon of the extreame heate, none at all : as you may fee 
by the Guianty Do^es, which are daily brought over. 

Seventhly, how God hath fo difpofed the Rivers, that 
by their crookednefle and winding, they might ferve 
many places. 

Let us then confider, how the moft fhiitfull places and 
besntifiiil Citties, have become the dwellings and homes 
of the moft flaves, as Sfame over-runne by the Moores^ 
Italy by the Gothes and Vandals ; and at tiu$ j^y, a great 
part oiEureft by the Twrke. 

How the Earth like an aged mother^ is become lefle 
friiitftill, as wee fee by the barrennefle of '{onietiiTie the 
moft fertile places, the decay of the ftatuve'and ftrength 
of men within thefe few yeeres. 

It is alfo worthy obfervation, to fee how the earth hath 
beene increafed by the accefle of Iflands, and againe 
beene diminiihed by inundation and Gulfes breaking 
againe into the fame. 

The Hands of the EchmatUs^ were caft up by the River 
Achelouty and the greateft part of ^^pt t!y N/7«r, to 
were the Rhodes and Dehs. Of lefler Hands beyond 
Melm^ Anapke^ betweene Lemnos and the Relief ont Nea^ 

(as 



Obfervatiopis in Survey of the EartI). tf 9 

(as one would fay new-come^ and elfcwhcrc Aline^ 
Thera^ Therafia^ and Hitra^ wbch alfo from the event 
was called Automate. 

And that fundry goodly Countries on the contrary. Many coun- 
have beene eaten up by the Sea, our neighbour Xelmmd^ lift bJ^**'* 
and many other places, will give lamcnt&le teftinx)ny : inundation. 
beiide^ the face of the Earth hath, (ince the Creation, been 
much altered by avulfion or diuifion of the Sea : as SUUy 
was divided and fevered from Italy ; Cjfrut from Syri'a^ 
Emima from Boetia: Atlas and Macris from Emima., 
Bir^cm from Bytihua: Lncopa from the Promontory 
of the Syrntes : and as fome fuppofe, Lestos from Ida : 
Frochyta and Fstheeuja from Mifena: and whidi is more, 
Spaine from Bartary : as Stra^ is of opinion. Str^k*, M. 1. 

Againe, it is affirmed by Volfcm.^ that our Greai Britamt Crrac ^ritt^n^ 
hath beene one Continent with Vrau€9^ and that Traft f"n»'JJj '« 
bctweene Bwr and Calais hath beene gayned by the Sea, cTnHn^TJiih 
there called Mart Ge/ptriacum. Fnuce. 

Excellent is that Contemplation, to confider how 
Nature (rather the Almighty Wifedome) by an unfearch- 
able and fhipendious worke, fheweth us in the Sea the 
likeneflc and fhapes, not onely of Land-Creatures, as 
Elephants, Horfes, Dogges, Hogges, Calves, Hares, setoum 
Snailes, &c. but of Fowlcs in the Ayre ; as Hawkcs, *%r' ^»» 
Swallowes, Vultures, and a number the Uke; yea, it rf^fjJS'Xrne 
aflfbrdeth us men and women ; and among men, even the parts of che 
Monke : but hereof fee Itmius in his Batavia ; and, if you ^orid. 
pleafe, Alex, a^ Alexandr§j with fome others- ^^s^'n 

Moreover, what ineitimaUe wealth it affiDordeth in HtUMd^'u to 
Pearles, Corall, Amber, and the like ! »* feme a 

By Reading, you fliall alfo finde what ftrange Earth- ^^^!^ 
quakes, remoovug of whole Townes, Hilles, &c. have hanging up>. 
beene upon the face of the Earth, raifmg of it in one 
place, leaving GuUes and Vafiitse in another : And Lucius 
Maram and StxSus ImGus being Confuls in Rome, in the 
Countrey of Muthum two Mountaines met, and joyncd 
themfelves together. In 



70 Obfervations in Survey of the Earth. 

In the ratgae of Nero^ VeSitis MarceUus being overfeer 
of Nero*s affaires, and Steward of his Court, Medowcs 
and Olive trees were remooved from a common high way 
fide, and placed a good way off* on the contrary fide : fo 
whereas they ftood before on the right hand, as one 
travelled they were now on the left hand. The like 
hapned withm thefe few yeeres to Views a Townc of 
the Grifms among the Alpes. 

Laftly, Let us take a view of the Earth it felfe, which 
becaufe it was divided with the Sea, Rivers, Marflies, &c. 
yet making one abfolute Circle, Komer calieth it imlpovai 
and for this caufe Numa Fompiliut dedicated a Temple to 
Vefia in a round forme : The roundnefle of it is prooved 

Aria. lib. cf Mathematicians bv fhadowes of Dials, and the Edipfes ; 

^^«^. i.c^4. jiifQ by defcent of all ht^\xy things to the Center, it felfe 

^i^^Ugmi ' being the Center of the Vni verfe, as Arifiotle and Ftolomey 

d^€rt. 14. affirme. 

Now in refped of Heaven, it is fo fmall a point, that 
the leaft Starre is not darkened with the (hadow thereof: 
for if the fmalleft Starre, albeit in judgement of our fence, 
fi^emeth but a pricke or point, yet farre exceedeth the 
body of the Earth in greatncfle, it followeth in refped of 
Heaven, that the Earth muft feeme as little. 

Befide, if the Earth were of any quantity in refped of 
the higher Orbes, the Starres fliould feeme bigger or IcQc 
in regard of thofe Hyffomata (Altitudes) or the Climes : 
but it is certaine that at the felfe fame time, fundry 
Aftronomers find the fame bignefle and elevation of the 
felfe fame Starre obferved by their calculation, to diflFer 
no whit at all : wherebv we may fee if that diftance of 
place which is on the Earth (in refped: of the heavenly 
Orbes) exceedeth all fence, it foUowes that the Earth 
(poore little point as it is) feemes the like, if it be com- 
pared with Heaven : yet this is that point, whidi with 
fire and fword, is divided among fo many Nations, the 
matter of our glory, our feate : here we have our Honours, 

our 



Objervations in Survey of the Earth. 71 

our Armies, our commands; heere we heape up riches, 
at perpetual! warre and ftrife among our felues, who 
(like the Toad) fluU fall a fleep with moft earth in his 
pawes : never thinking how of a moment of time well 
fpent upon this poorc plot or dun^-hill common to beads 
as well as our fclucs, dependeth Eternity, and fruition of Auguftine. 
our true happinefle in the prefence of Heaven, and Court 
cf the King of Kings for ever and ever. 

Now I muft take leave of our common Mother the 
Earth, fo worthily called in refped of her great merits, 
of vs : for flie receiveth us being borne, (hee feedes and 
cloatheth vs brought forth, and lafUy as forfaken wholly 
of Nature, fhee receiveth us into her lap, and covers us 
untill the diflblution of all, and the laft ludgcment. 

Thus have I onely pointed at the principles of Cof- 
mografrfiie, having as it were siven you a tafte, and 
flopped up the vef&U againe, re&rring the refl to vour 
owne diligence and fearch. And herein you fhall nave 
your helpes, M. Blmnkvile in his treatife of CoTmographie m. ih^s ir 
and the Sphxre, D. Det^ M. C#«*r in his principles of ^" ^^jjjj/"' " 
Geometric, Aflronomie and Geographic : Gemma FriJiuSj AjJJ'erdain, 
Ortelsms^ Cofermiats^ Ctavius the lefuite, I&ammet Jt Momte and curned 
Repfy Memamr^ Mumftir^ HmUer^ and many others : of J^^^J]^^**' 
ancient writers Ft^lmtteyy Dinufitfs Ha/icarmaffh/s. For i^rigbi^jjf^ 
Mappes I referre you wholly vnto Ortelius and thofc fct Sftms. 
laft forth by HmuUms being later then P/smchs^ and more 
perfeft by reafon of the late difcovery, made oy Schautenj 
▼nto the f 7 and 58 degrees of Southerly latitude beyond 
the ftrright of MmgtUMm ; and of late M. Htmrj Hmtpm^ 
to the 6i. or 6%. to the North-weft, bejond Terrs de 
IMfrmJUri to omit that terrible voyaee ox Bmrewtfm and 
his company, for the difcovery of tbe North-eaft Faflage, 
by the l^ckc-lide of Kevm Zem/sy which out of a Dutch 
tranflation you may readc in Englifh. 

Chap. 



72 



of Geometrie. 



Wifcdome 
chap. iz. 



Chap. IX. 
Of Geometrie. 

Since Flat0 would not fuffer any to enter his Schoole 
which was iyeiofjJrpriTosy or not entred into Geo- 
metrie; and Xemcrates turned away his auditors, if 
vnfumiflied with Geometrie, Muficke and Aflronomie, 
Laertius lib.f. affirming they were the helpes of Philofophie: I am alfo 
bound l^ the Love I beare to the beft arts and your 
ftudies, to give it you alfo in charge. PMo the lew 
calleth it the Princefle and mother of all Sciences, and 
exceUently was it faid of Piato^ that God did alwaies 
y€OfjL€rp€ivy but more divinely of SaUmm : That God did 
difpofe all his creatures according to meafurc^ number 
and weight; that is, by giving the Heavens their conftant 
and perpetuall motion; the elements their places and 
prsedominance according to ligbtnefle or gravity, and 
every creature its number and weight, without which, it 
were neither able to fiand upright or moove. To the 
confideration of which depth of wifedome let us ufe the 
helpe of this moft ingenious and ufefuU Art, wortfy the 
amtempUtim ami fraSice of the pioteft Princes^ a Science 
of fudi importance, that without it, we can hardly eate 
our bread, lye drie in our beds, buy, fell, or uie any . 
commerce elfe whatfoever. 

The fubjedl of Geometrie is the length, breadth, and 
height of all things, comprifed under tiie figures of 
Triangles, Squares, Circles, and Magnitudes of all forts 
with their termes or bounds. 

It hath properly the name from meafuring the earth, 
being firft found out in iEgypt; for when Mlus with his 
over-flowing drowned and confounded the limits of 
their fields, certaine of the inhabitants more ingenious 

than 



Peiriurh. de 
regno lib, 2. cA, 

PnciminEiiclid, 
Utf, 2. r. If. 



of Geometrie. 7 3 

than the reft, neceility compelling, found out the rules of 
Geometry, by the benefit whereof, after the fall of the 
water, every man had his owne portion of ground lotted 
and laid out to him: fo that fiom a few poore and weake 
principles at the firft, it grew to that height that from yiiuusmu 
earth it reached vp to the Heavens, where it found out c^ « g^^- 
their Cbttntities, as alfo of the Elements and the whole ^l^f^!^^' 
world bJfide. '^^"^ 

Out of iEgypt, TisUt brought it into Greece, where 
it received that perfcAion we fee it now hath. 

For by meanes hereof are found out the formes and 
draughts of all figures, greatnefle of all bodies, all 
manner of meafures and weights, the cunning working 
of all tooles; with all artificiall ii^niments whatfoever. 

All Engines of warre, for many whereof (being anti- 
quated) we have no proper names ; as Exofters, Sam- 
bukes, Catapultes. Teftudo's. Scorpions, &c. Petardes, 
Grenades, great Ordnance of all forts. 

By the benefit likewife of Geometry, we have our sce the Hun- 
goodiy Shippcs. Galldes, Bridges, Milles, Charriots and E^^^j*^' 
(Joacbes (which were invented in Hungary and there J^ISi^ 
called O^zki) fome with two wheeles, fome with more, 
Pulleies and Cranes of all fcnts. 

Shee alfo with her ingenious hand reares all curious 
roofies and Arches, ftately Theaters, the Columnes fimple 
and compounded, pendant Galleri^ ftately Windowes, 
Turrets, &c; and firft brou^t to light our dockes and 
curious watdies (vnknowne vnto the ancients): laitly 
our kitchinlacke^ even the wheele-barrow. Befidewhat- 
foever hath artificiall motion either by Ayre, water, 
winde, (inewes or chords, as all manner of Muficall in- 
ftruments, water workes and the like. 

Yea, moreover fuch is the infinite fubtilty, and im- 
menfe depth of this admirable Art, that it dares contend 
even with natures feUe, in infufmg life as it were, into 
the fencelefle bodies of wood, ftone, or mettall : witnefle 

the 



A. Gelliusl.io. 
cap. 12. 



Scaliger£wrr»r< 
316. sd 
Cardanum. 



Horac. lib. i. 
Carm. ode x8. 



Barcas le 6, 
iour du I. 
Semain. 



Plin. 1. 7.C. II 
& lib. 36. c. f . 



74 Of Geometry. 

the wooden dove of Archjtas^ fo fatnoufed not onely by 
A. Gellm^ but many other authors beyond exception, 
which by reafon of weights equally peized within the 
body, and a certaine proportion of ayre (as the Spirit of 
life enclofed) flew cheerefully forth as if it had beene 
a living Dove. 

Albeit lul. Cdf. ScaKger accounteth this Dove no great 
peece of workemanfhip, when he faith, hee is able to 
make of his owne invention with no great labour, a Ship 
which fliall fwimme, and fteere it felfe, and by the fame 
reafon that Architas his Dove was made ; that is, by 
taking the pith of ruflies covered over with bladders, or 
thofe thinne skinnes, wherein gold beaters beate their 
leaves, and wrapped about with little ftrings of iinewes, 
where when a Semicircle (hall fet one wheele on going ^ 
it mooving others, the wings flull itirre and moove for- 
ward. TUs Architas was a moft skillfull Mathematician, 
as it may be gathered out of Horace^ who calleth him 
Menforemy a Meafurer. 

Et maris & terra ^ numeroq^ carentis arensy 
Of Sea and Land, and number-wanting fand. 

And not inferiour to the aforefaid Dove of Archytas 
was that wooden Eagle, which mounted up into the 
ayre, and flew before the Emperour to the gates of 
Norimterg : of which, as alfo of that yron flye, that flew 
about a table, Saluft Lord of Bartas maketh mention. 
Ramus attributeth the invention of either of thefe, in the 
preface of his x. booke,by his Mathematicallobfervations, 
to loanmes Regiamantanus. 

CaUicratesy if we may credit P//»y, made Antes and 
other fuch like fmall creatures of Ivory, that their parts 
and ioynts of their legges could not be difcemed. 

Myrmecides Milefius alfo among other monuments of 
his skill, made a Coach or Waggon with foure wheeles, 

which 



of Geometry. jj 

which together with the driver thereof, a Fly could eafilv 

hide and cover with her wings: Befides a Ship witn 

her faiks, which a littk Bee could overfpread. Varro VdmdetinguA 

teadieth how fmail peeces of this nature and fubtileft ^^*"- '»*• ^• 

workmanOiip, may be difcemed, that is, faith he, by 

hying dofe about them blacke Horfe haires. Of latter 

times, HsJriim hmim tels us tiiat he faw with great de- tmuu in. 

light and admiration, at Mtchlm in Brakant^ a Cherry ^"~^- ^' ^• 

flone cut in the forme of a basket, wherein were fifteenc 

paire of Dice diitindt, each with their fpots and number 

very eafily of a good eye to be difcerned. 

And that the lUas of H^mer written, was endofed r/'<«. /«^. 7- ^^' 
within a nut, Cicero tels us he faw it with his eyes, though '^- 
Alexsmder thought it worthy of a farre better cafe, the 
rich Cabinet d( Dmrim. By the ftatue of Homer the 
ancients ufually fet a nightingale (as by Orpheus a Swannc) 
for the manifold variety and fwectnefle of his voycc, or 
the continuance or holding out to the laft the fame 
fweetnefle : for fome are of opinion, that the perfe&ion of • 
Muficall founds are to be difcerned in the Nightingales 
notes. Flmy reckoneth up fixteene feverall tunes (hee rumytik, lo. 
hath, and fitteth them to Latine words very properlv as '^^ *9- 
unto Ditties, which the tranflator of FBny hath nothing 
ncere fo well fitted in the £nglilh which mi^ht furely 
have beene as well done, as 1 have obferved in their notes. 
But to retume, ScmUpr /whether in jeft or earneft I know EMtrtiw. 316. 
not) tels CsrsLmm of a flea he faw with a long chaine of 

Eld about his necke, kept very daintilv in a boxe<^ and 
ing taken forth, could skip with his cnaine, and uxne- 
tiniefudcehismifbe(Ieswfaitehand,and his belly being full, 
get him to his lodging againe, but this fame uaraiorcxi^fay 
Alexmtder wtttily fccSPed, when he gave a fellow onely a 
bufhell of peafe, for his paines of throwing every time a 
peafe upon a needles point Ibnding a petty way off; 

Arcbmedes to the wonder of ul the world, framed 
a brafen heaven, wherein were the feven Planets 

with 



76 Of Geometry. 

with their motions. Hereof Claudlan wrote a witty 
£pigratn. 

Sapwr King of Verfia (as Du Bartas in the fixt day of 
his divine weeke mentionethj had an heaven of glade, 
which, proudly fitting in his eitate, he trod upon with his 
feete, contemplating over the fame, as if he had beenc 
lufiteTy and upon this occafion calling himfelfe brother 
to the Sunne and Moone, and partner with the Starres ^ 
for in his letter to the Emperour Conftamtsus he beginneth 
Cfl. Ti^fd^in. thus : Rex reptm Sapw : partkeps Sjderum^ frater Solis cSr 

P. j0vim & Nor muft I forget that heaven of filver fent by Ferdi^ 

SMUcmm&f^ uamd the Emperour, to $oljmm^ the great Turke, wherein 

{^^- ^' the motions kept their true courles with thofe of the 

This Heaven heavens, the ftarres arifing and fitting, the Planets kecp- 

WM carried by ing thcir oblioue motion, the Sunne Eclipfed at his juft 

fore &/J!l!^, time, and the Moone ducly changing eve^ Moneth with 

and taken to the fame in the heaven. By thefe lee the effedts of this 

peecea }^^^ divine knowledge, able to worke wonders bejrond all be- 

t&^makw'. Icefe, in fo mudh as Archimedes affirmed, he would move 

T*iitianh. in the luhole Earthy might a place hee pven him whereon to 

M-rwflj. ^ Rand. But I rather beleeve him, who faith, 7*i&#y«MK</if//^ 

^^Z^ ^*>^^rfjball never hee mooved. Much was it, that with 

Tfai 14. * ^ '^ hsLVid onely, he could by his skill draw after him 

' the weight of five thoufand bufnels of graine, and devifc 

(at the cofl of Hiero) thcfe rare enfi;ines, whidi fhot fmall 

fiones at hand, but great ones a nirre oflF; by benefit of 

which devife onely, while the fiones fell as thicke as haile 

from heaven among the enemies, Syraafa was preferved 

from the fiiry of Marcettus ready to enter with a refolutc 

and mofl powerfiill Army. The Oracle of Apollo being 

demanded when the warre and miferv of Greece fhould 

have an end, replyed : If they woula double the Altar 

in Delosy which was cubique-forme ; which they tryed 

by adding another cube unto it, but that availed nothing : 

Flato then taking upon him to expound this riddle, 

affirmed. 



of Geometry. 77 

affirmed, the Greekes were reproved by AfoU^ bccaufe 
thejr were ignorant of Geometry, nor herein can I blame 
them, fince the doubling of tne Cube in Solides, and 
Quadrature of the Circle in plaine, hath ever fince fo 
troubled our greateft Geometricians, that I feare except 
ApoU9 himfem afcend from Hell to refolve his owne 
Probleme, we fhall not fee it among our ordinary Stone- 
cutters efledled* 

But in briefe the ufe you (hall have of Geometry, will 
be in furuaying your lands, a£Rx>rding your opinion in 
building anew, os tranflating ; making your milles afwell 
for grinding of come as throwing foorth water from your 
lower grounds, bringing water farre o£Ffor fundiy ufes; 
Seeing the nieafure of Timber, ilone and tne like 
(wherein Gentlemen many times are egr^ioufly abufed 
and cheated by fuch as tney truft) to contrive much 
with fmali charge and in le(& roome. Againc, Ihould 
you follow the warrca (as who knowes the bent of his 
Fate y) yon cannot without Geometrv fortifie your felfe, 
take the advantage of hill or levell, fight, order your 
Battallia in fquare, triangle, erode, (which forme the 
Prince of Orange hath now late taken up), crefcent-wife, 
(and manv other formes Mmr/ Iheweth) : levell, and plant 
your Ordnance, vndermine, raife your halfe Moones, 
fiuhrarkes, Cafaroates^ Rampires, Ravelins, with many 
other meanes as of offence and defence, by fortification. 
So that I cannot fee how a Gentleman, efpedally a 
Souldier and Commander may be accomplifhed without 
Geometrie, though not to the heif^th of perfe&ion, yet 
at the leail to be grounded and furnifhed with the prin- 
dpies and priuy rules heereof. The Authors I would 
commend vnto you for entrance hereinto are in Englifh. 
C—kfs Prindples3^.«id Hhc Elements of Geometry written 
in Latin by P. 'Rmmtt^ and tranflated by M. Dodour 
H—d^ fometime M^thematicall Ledhirer in London. 
M. Blimdivilfy EncUJf tranflated into Englifli. In Latine 

you 



78 Of Poetry. 

you may have the learned lefuite Claviusy MelanShoit^ 
Frifiusy Valtarlus his Geometry Military. Albert Ihtrer 
hath excellently written hereof in high Dutch, and in 
French, Forcadell upon EucRde^ with fundry others. 

Chap. X. 

Of Poetry, 

^O fweeten your feverer ftudies, by this time vouch- 
fafe Poetry your refpedt ^ which howfoever cenfured 
and feeminj^ falne from the higheft Stage of Honour, to 
tfie lowest ftaire of difgrace, let not your judgement be 
infeded with that peftilent ayre of the common breath, 
to be an infidell ^ in whofe oeleefe, and doer of their 
contrary Adions, is to be religious in the right, and to 
merit if it were poffible by good works. 
The Poet, as that Laurell Masa dreamed of, is made 

g^ miracle from his mothers wombe, and like the 
iamond onely poliflied and pointed of himfelfe, dif- 
daining the file and midwifery of fbrraine helpe. 

Hence TuUy was long ere he could be delivered of a 
few verfes, and thofe poore ones too: and OwV, fo backe- 
ward in profe, that he couki almoft fpeake nothing but 
verfe. And experience daily afibordeth us many excellent 
yong and growing wits, as welJ from the Plow as Pallace, 
endued naturally with this Divine and heavenly gift, yet 
not knowing (if you fhould aske the queftion) whether 
a Metafhore be flefh or fifli. 

If bare faying Poetry is an heavenly gift, be too weake 

a proppe to uphold her credite with tho& buzzard ly poore 

ones, lisho halving their feathers moulted can creepe no farther 

Tiat9 in Ph^uko. than theh owne fuddle^ able onely to envie this Imperiall 

Eagle for fight and flight; letthem if they can looke backe 

to 



of Poetry. 79 

to all antiquitic, and thev fhall findc all learning by itak^mkXOud 
divine inftind to breathe nom her bofome, as both Tlato \^^^l^ 
and TuUj in his Tufculmus affirme. *"^' ' 

^/^4i# faith. Poetry wasthcfirftPhilofophy that ever was 
taught, nor were there ever any writers thereof knowne 
htfoT^Mufitmy Htfiody and Homer: by whofe authority Plato^ 
ArifotU and Gmlen^ determine their weij^htieft controver- 
fies, and coafirme their reafons in Philotophy. A nd what 
were the fongs of Xirar, Orphnu^ Amfhjon^ Olymfus^ and 
that dittY lofm fang to his harpe at D$do*s banquet, but 
Natural! and Morall Philofophy, fweetned with the 
plea&nce of Numbers, that Rudfenefle and Barbarifme 
might the better tafte and digcft the Icflbns of civility ? 
according to Ijtcretim (Italianized by Ariofio) and cn- 
gliflied l^ Sir lohm Hmrhfgfou. 

SeJ vtluii fuerk akfymilnm tttra medentes 
Ctrm dsre coMontt/Ty frim or as focula ctra/m 
Comtmgtmt meOk duid flavc^ue liquore^ 
Vt futrorum 4ita$ iwtfrovida ludsficetury &c. 

As Leaches when for children they appoint 
Their bitter worme-wood potions, firft the cup 
About the brimme with bony fweet they noint. 
That fo the child, beguild, may drinke it up, &c. 

Neither hath humane knowledge becnc theoncly fubjcdl 1 
of this Divine Art, but even the higheft Mvftcries of | 
Divinity. What are the Pfalmcs of David (whicn S. Hillary m, in rf0f^0 
fo aptly comparcth to a bunch of keycs, m regard of the ''A''-- 
feverail doores, whereby they give the foule entrance, 
cither to Pn^er, Rejoycing, Repentance, Thankfgiving, 
&c.) but a Divine Poemc, going fomctime in one meafure 
fometime in another ? What lively defcriptions are there 
of the Majefty of God, the eftate and fccurity of Gods pfaim. Co. 
children, the mifcrable condition of the wicked ? What ?Ci\m. s«. 

lively 



8o Of Poetry. 

Pialm. T. lively fimilitudes and comparifons, as the righteous man 
pfaim'. 104. to a bay tree, the Soule to a thirfty Hart, vnity to 
oyntment and the dew of Herman} What excellent 
Alieeories, as the vine planted in i£gypt; what Epipho^ 
nem^Syfro[opopo€ifs and whatfoever elfe may be required 
to the texture of fo rich and glorious a peece ? 

And the fbng of SaUmam (which is onely left us of a 
thoufand) is it not a continued AU^ry of the Myfticall 
love betwixt Ctrijf and his Cittrch ? Aforeover the Apoftles 
themfdves have not difdained to alledge the authority of 
the heathen Poets, Aratm^ Menander^ and Efhnenldes $ as 
alTo the Withers of the Church, Nszimxm^ S. AugufHne^ 
Btmardy PnuUm$my with many other, befidetheallowance 
they have given of Poetry, tiiey teadi us the true ufe and 
end thereof, which is to compafle the Songs of Ssamj and 
addrefle the fniit of our invention to his glory who is 
the auflior of fo goodly t gift, whidi we abufe to our 
loves, light fancies, and bafeft a£FeAions. 

And u Mechanicall Arts hold their eftimation by their 
effects in bafe fubieds^how much more deferveth this to 
be cfteemed, that holdeth fo foveraij^ne a power over the 
minde, can tume brutiihnefle into Civility, make the lewd 
honcft (which is Scaligers opinion of Vhgtls Poeme) tume 
hatred to love, cowardife into valour, and in briefe, like 
a Queene command over all affedions. 

Moreover the Mufi^ Mirthy Gracesy and perfed 
Healthy have ever an affinitv each with either. I remem- 
ber Flutanh telieth us of Telefittmy a noble and brave Lady, 
who being dangeroufly iicke, and imagined paft recovery, 
was by the Oracle, advifed to apply her minde to the 
Mufe and poetry : which (he diligently obferving re- 
covered in a (hort fpace, and withall grew fo fprightly 
couragious, that having well fortified Argos with divers 
companies of women only, herfelfe with her companions 
fallying out, entertained Cletmenes K.of the LacedJmomans 
with fuch a Camifadoy that he was faine to fhew his back, 

leaving 



Of Poetry. 8i 

leaving t good part of his people behind, to fill ditches; 
and then by plainc force of Armes drave out Dtmaratm 
another king, who lay ver^ ftrong in garrifon within. 

Alexander by the reading of Hemer^ was efpedally 
mooved to goe thorow with his conquefb. 

L/eemdm alfo, that brave King of the Sfartanes^ being 
asked how TWi^ut (who wrote of warre in veri^) was 
efteemed among Poets^ rcplyed; Excellently : for my foul- 
diers^quoth he, nxxnred onely with his verfes,runne with a 
rcfolute courage to the battell, fearing no perill at all. 

What other thing gave an edge to the valour of our 
ancient Britons, but their Bmrdes (remembred by Athe^ 
rntus^ lAuan and fundry other), recording in verfe the 
brave expkxts of their nation, and finging the fame unto 
their Harps at their publike foafts and meetings? amoneft 
whom TmD^Jim a learned Bard, and Mafter to Mermty 
fung the life and adts of King Arthtr. 

Hence hath Poetry never wanted her Pattones, and 
even the greateft Monarches and Princes, as well Chriftian 
as Heathen, have exercifed their Invention herein : as 
that great Glory of Chriftendome ChMrlemmmey who among * The place ro 
many other things, wrote bis Nephew Reulands Epitaphe, ^f'^j^jj,,^ 
after he was (laine in a battell againft the SmrscenSy amoM yjue^ and was 
the * Pvrem^eMi hilles : Alfheufus king of Kmples^ who(e in timet paft a 
onely delight was the reading of Virpl: Rehert King of XT^^'"^' 
SiclRe-^ and that thrice renowned and learned French beniga'' 
King, who finding Fetrarchs Toombe without any in- Chappell built 
fcription or Epitaphe, wrote one himfelfe, (which yet j^'Stdi^Jd* 
remaincth) faving ; Sbame it trjv, tbmt be nube fimg ku \^ our Lady, 
Mifireffe frmje feuen yeeres tefere btr deatby ^and twelve called com- 
yeeres 'JbemldvjMt 4m Efltmpbe. Among the Heathen are ^^ }*"*^^ 
eternized for their skill in Poefie, AugKjbis C^tfrnr^ OSavi»Sy udy'^^^IL 
AdriaUy Germmucus, W/. 

Every chUd knoweth bow deare the workes of Htmer ^^"^T^' '^' 
were unto AlexMrnder^ Emnfides to Awtjmtm King of Mm^ !ii^ Ji/T" 

(•"• nnhtyttnt (after hit •vn) itftft) 
rucHAM C eedtWy 



• who pvc 
him, it is 
thought, hit 
Mannor of 
Emhtime in 
Oxfbrdfhire. 
•» To ChaHej the 
eight and Lemk 
t£ twelfth. 



Prudence. 



82 Of Poetry. 

ceJm^ Firpl to AugnftuSy Theocritus to Ptolamey and 
Berenice^ King and Queene of .^Egyft: the ftately Fsndar 
to Hiero King of Siaiiey Etmhs to Scipio^ Aufomus to 
GratioMy (who made him Proconfull :) in our owne Coun- 
trey,* Chaucer to Richard the fecond, Gower to Hfl»ry the 
fburdi, with others I niight alledge. 

The Lady Aitme of Bretaigmey who was ^ twice French 
Queene, paf&ng thorow the IVefence in the Court of 
Framcey eipying Chartier the Kings Secretary, and a 
famous Poet, Waning upon his eltow at a Tables end 
faft afleepe, fhee ftoopin^ downe, and openly kiiling him, 
faid ; We muft hemour vnth our kijfey the mouth from 'whence 
fo mauypweete verfes amd golden Foems have proceeded . 

But fome may aske mee. How it falleth out, that Poets 
now adaies are c^ no fudi efteeme, as they have beene 
in former times? I aniwer; became vertue in our de- 
clining and worfer dales, generally findeth no regard : 
Or rather more tniely with Aretme (being demanded 
why Princes were not fo liberall to Poefie, and other 
good Arts, as in former times), Becaufe the confcience 
teUeth themy how unworthy they are of their prafes giuen 
them ky Foets ; as for other ArtSy they make no account of 
that they know not. 

But fince we are heere (having before over runne the' 
Champaigne and large field of Hiftory) let us a while 
reft our felves in the garden of the Mufes, and admire 
the bountie of heaven, in the feverall beauties of fo many 
divine and fertile wits. 

We muft begin with the King of Latine Foets y whom 
Nature hath reared beyond imitation, and who above 
all other onely, defcrvetn the name of a Poet; I meane 
Virpl. In him you Ihall at once finde (not elfe-where) 
that FrudencOy EfficadOy Variotie^ and SweetneffOy which 
Scaliger rcquireth in a Poet, and makcth his prime 
vettues. Vndcr Frudence is comprehended out of generall 
learning and judgement, that dilcreet, apt futing and dif- 

pofing. 



Of Poetry. 83 

pofing, as well of Adions as Words in their due place, 
time and manner^ whidi in VirpU is not obferved by 
one among twenty oS our ordinary Grammarians, Who 
(to ufe the words of the Prince of learning hereupon) 
•nelj mjballov} andfmmU BeateSy glide over the face rf the jn TMfM-./ii. 3. 
Virgtlion Sea. How divinely,'according to the Platomickesy 
doth he difcourfe of the Soule ? how properly of the Na- 
ture, number of winds, feafons of the yearc, qualities of 
Bcaib, Nature of Hearbs ? What in-fight into ancient 
Cbromology and Hifiory ? In briefe, what not worthy the 
knowledge of a divine wit ? To make his JEMem a man 
of extraordinary afpeA, and comlinefle of perfonage, he 
makes Vemm both his mother and Lady of his Horofcope. 
And forafmuch as griefe and perpetuall care, are infepara- 
ble companions of all great and noble atchievements, he 
gives him Achates ftiafi &xot &ri99> bis faithftill companion ? 
What immooved conftancy, when no teares or entreaty 
dlERxa could caufe him iby ? What P/>/jf, P////, F^- 
tittidey beyond his companions ? See bow the Divine Poet 
gave him leave to be wounded, left his valour in fo many 
skirmiflies might bee queftioned, and that a fiure off, not 
at hand, that rather it might bee imputed to his Fortune, 
than his raflmeflc or wcakenefle; then by one who could 
not be knowne, to give the enemy occafion rather of 
feare, than of challenging the gk>rv« And whereas he 
bringeth in CamtUa^ a couragious Lady, and invincible 
at the Swords point in encountring other ^ yet he never 
bringeth her to try her valour with JEmem. Againe,that ^ntii, u. 
Torchon and (he mieht Ihew their brave deeds he makes 
^mem abfent : as ufo when Tmmm fo refolutely brake 
into his Tents, LaiUy, what excellent iudgment ihewctb 
he in appropriating the accidents and Hiilories of his 
owne times, to thue of the andent, as where he bring* 
cth in Venulm phicked by force from his Horfe, and 
carry ed away with full fpeed ? The like Csfar confcfleth 
to have happened to hin^elfe. JEmom with his right 

G X arme 



84 Cf Poetry. 

arme naked, commands his fouldiers to abftaine from 
flaughter. The like did Cstfar at the battaile of Phar^ 

Pmttdvihu. f^lf^y tnd with the fame words. But thus much out of 
the heape and moft iudicious obfervations of the moft 
learned ScoGgtr. 

Efficmdt is a power of fpeech, which reprefenteth a 
thing after an excellent manner, neither by bare words 
onely, but by prefenting to our minds the lively Idsifs or 
formes of things fo truely, as if we faw them with our 
eyes ^ as the places m Helly the fiery Arrow of Acefim^ the 
defcription of Tame^ the flame about the Temples of 
Afcamm: but of aftions more ^>en, and with greater 

•^mm/. 4. Spirit^ as in that pidGSige and pafficm of Didoy preparing 
to kill her felfe. 

At trepida & cmptis immamtm tffera Dido, 
Sampimeam volvems aeiemy maculifque trementts 
Interfitfa pnas^ & paUidm mortefwurdj 
Interior a damds irrmnpit limmm^ & altos 
Confcendit fitrihtnda rogpSj enfemjue recludtt 
Dardasuum^ &c. 

Which for my Englifli Readers fake, I have after my 
manner tranflated, thoi^ aflured all the tranflations in 
the world muft come (hort of the fweetnefTe and Majef^ 
oftheLatine. 

But (he amaz'd and fierce by cruell plots, 
Rouling about her bloody eye, her dieekes 
AU-tremblin^ and arifing, full of fpots. 
And pale wiSi death at hand, perforce Ihe breakes 

Into the in-moft roomes* 

Enraged then (he dimbes the lofty pile. 
And out of (heath the Dardane fword doth draw : 
Ne're for fuch end ordained ; when a while 
The Troian garments, and knowne couch (he faw. 

With 



Of Poetry. %y 

With trickling tearcs her Telfe thereon (lie caft. 
And htvinff paused a little, fpake her laft. 
Sweete fpcmek while Fates and Heavens did permit, 
Receive this (oule, and rid me of mv cares ; 
What race my Fortune gave I finiih (d, &c* 

Moreover, that lively combate betweene Nifus and 
yolfcemsy with many other of moft excellent life. 

A fweet verfe is tha^ which like a diOi with a delicate sweecnriic. 
Sauce, invites the Reader to tafte even againft his will; 
the contrary is har(hne(& : hereof I give you an example 
in the defer iption of young FmBm (whom imagine you 
fee laid forth newly flaine upon a Biere of Crabtree, and 
Okcn rods, covered with Straw^ and ardied over with 
greene boughes) than which no rfedlar can be more de- 
Udous. 

Qua/em vhgiwep Jemejp/m f^Uictflerem^ 
Sem moBif viols ^ feu Umpiemiii Hysemibiy 
Cm mecfmlgor sdlmCj mec JmmfwMfrnms rt€^t^ 
Norn j mm mater mRt teOm inrtfyue mmuftrsty {^. 

Even as the Flower by Maidens fineer mowne. 
Of th' drooping Hy^anth, or foft ^oolet, 
Wbofe beauticrs fading, yet not fiilly gone ; 
Now mother Earth no more doth nourifh it, &c. 

The like of faire JSmV/nr breathing his laft. 

Pmrfmrtm vebtti ckmflosfutafm mrMiro^ 
LsmgKrfat wmriens^ U/Trve fsfsiterm €9B0 
Demftro trnfmiy flmvui cmmfirti grmvmUmr. 

Looke how the purple Flower, which the Plow 
Hath (home in funder^ languuhins doth die ; 
Or Poppies downe their weary necks doe bow. 
And hang the head, with raine when laden lie, &c. 

This 



<Variecie.) 



VidtSaU.isS. 
Ptet, Of, 17. 



%6 Of Poetry. 

6p$fip^p ic6\' This kinde Plutarch tearmeth Flowery^ as having in it 
^^^rti^^ a beautie and fweetc grace to delight, as a Flower. 
wuvJx^Itw Varietse^ is various, and the rules of it fo difficult, that 
A<nrf p drfof . to define or defcribe it, were as to draw one pidure 
which (hould refemble all the faces in the world, changing 
it felfe like Proteus into all (hapes : which our Divine Poet 
fo much, and with fuch excellent art affedteth, that 
fcUome or never hee uttereth words, or defcribcth adions 
(poken or done after the fame manner, though thev b^ 
in effed the fame ; yea, though the conclufion of all the 
Bookes of his JEmeidis bee Tragicall, fave the firft ; yet 
are they fo tempered and difpofed with fuch varietie of 
accidents, that they bring admiration to the mod divine 
judgements : among them all not one like another, fave 
the ends of Tumus and Mezetttsus. What varietie in 
his battailes, aflailing the enemies Campe^ befieging 
Cities, brovles among the common people, fet battailes 
in fields, aids of horie and foot ? &c. Never the fame 
wounds, but given with divers weapons, as here one is 
wounded or flaine with a peece of a Rocke, a Flint, Fire- 
brand, Club, Halberd, Long pole : there another with 
a drinking Boule or PoL a Rudder, Dart, Arrow, Lance, 
Sword, ♦ Bals of Wild-fire, &c. In divers places, as the 
throat, head, thigh, breaft, hip, hand, knee; before, 
behind, on the ude, (landing, lying, running, flying, 
talking, fleeping, crying out, entreating. Of place, as 
in the Field, in the Tents, at Sacrifice, upon the guard, in 
the day-time, in the night. To proceed further, were to 
tranflate Fh^/ himfelfe; therefore hitherto of varietie. 
I forbeare his moft livcljr dcfcriptions of perfons, times, 
places, and manners j his moft fweet and proper Simili- 
tudes, as where he refembleth JEmeas, who could not be 
mooved by any cntreatie or teares of Dido^ or her Sifter 
AtnMy to a ftuoborne Oake after this manner. 

At 



*^bi^dneA. 



of Poetry. 87 

At veluti mmofmm valido cum rokore ifuercum^ o£nmi <4). 

Alfhu Bores^ mmc hint mmc flatlhus illsnCy 
Emere inter fe certattt : it ftridor^ & alte 
Cemfitmumt t err am dmcuffo fiifite fnmdes^ ^c. 

As when the Alfimt winds with each contend. 
Now this now that way, with their furious might 
Some aged Oake up hf the rootes to rend, 
Lowd whiftling's heard, the earth beftrewed quite 
(The body reeui^) all about with leaves : 
While it ftands nrme, and irremoved cleaves 
Vnto the Rocke ; for looke how hieh it heaves 
The lofty head to heaven -ward, fo low 
The ftubborne roote doth downe to hell-ward grow. 

Againe, that elegant comparifon of Arums (having 
cowardly flaine the brave Lady CmmUm^ and retyred him- 
felfe for feare, into the body of the Army) to a Wolfe 
that had done a mifchiefe, and durft not (hew his head. 

At velmt iUe frius qumm teU inimcm Jifuantury %/£mU, i i . 

Cmttimuh in memtes fefe tnius sUidit Mites 
Occife frnfere^ ^f^^ mapseve iuvemce | 
Cemfnus ssuUcie fitSiy cmiimmfi9 remukems 
Suhjecit fsvitoMtem utere^ fjlvMfte petivit^ &c. 

And as a Wolfe that hath the Shepheard flaine. 
Or fome great beaft, before the Countrey rife. 
Knowing him guilty, throueh by-wayes amaine 
Hath got the Mountaines. ^ring where he lyes. 
Or dapt his taile betwixt nis Icnes, in feare 
Tane the next Coppife, till the Coaft be deare. 

After VirpUy I bring you OtvV, as well becaufe they omd, vi^Umm 
lived in one time, (yet Otv^confefleth he law Firgtffaot tmtmmiiii. 
once in all hb life) as Aat he dcfenretfa to bee fecond in 
imitation, for the fwectnefle and fmooth current of his 

ftile. 



88 Of Poetry. 

ftile, every where feafoned with profbimd and antique 
learning: among his Workes^ his Epiftles are moft wor- 
thy your reading, being his neateft peece, every where 
embeUifhed with excellent and wife Sentences; tbe num- 
bers fmoothly falling in, and borrowing their luftre and 
beauty &om imitation of native and antique Simplicity : 
that of Acantim is fomewhat too wanton ; thofe three, of 
Vlyjfesy Demophom^ and Faris to Oenaney are fufpeded for 
the weaknefle of conceit in regard of the other^ to be none 
of Ovids. 

Concerning his bookes, Amorum and dt arte amandi^ 
the wit with Sie truely ingenuous and learned will beare 
out the wantonnefle : for with the weeds there are deli- 
cate flowers in thofe walkes of Venm. For the Argument 
of his Metanufrpbojisy he is beholden to Parthentm^ and 
divers others, and thofe who long before wrote of the 
fame fubjedt. 
vuU Surium, in About the ycarc i ;8 1. when the King of Poland made 
C0mmmt4ri0 waTTc in Mofcovtay certaine Po/oniam Embaffadours tra- 
^^!it^*Ji, vailing into the in-moft places of Mofccvia as fiirre as 
ijSi.f^.10'26. Podoiia tnd Kiovia : they pafled the great River Borift^ 
hemes y having in their company a certaine young Gen- 
tleman, very well feene in the Lat'me, 6reeke, and 
Hebrew tongues; withall, an excellent Poet and Hiftorian : 
he perfwaded the Polanians to well horfe thcmfelves, and 
ride with him a little further : for he would (faid he) 
fhew them Ovids Sepulcher : which they did : and when 
they were gone fixe daves journey beyond Borifihenes^ 
through mc% vafle and defolate places, at laft they came 
into a moft fweet and pleafant valley, wherein was a 
deere running Fountaine, about whidi the grade growing 
very thicke and high, with their Swords and Fauchions 
they cut it downe, till at laft they found a Stone, Cheft, 
or CoHn, covered over with ftickes and flirubs, whereon, 
it being rubbed and cleanfed from Moth and filth, they 
read Ovlds Epitaph, which was this : 

Hie 



Of Poetry. 89 

Uk ftm efi vates^ quern DM Caftrii ira 

Aupifiiy LmU cedere juffit humo : 
S^fi mftr voluit Patrus occumiere terrify 

Sedfrufiri : Jbtmc s us fata dedere loam. 

This his Sqnilcher (faith mine Author) renuineth 
upon the borders of Greece^ neere to the Etfxtme SeZy and 
is yet to be feene. 

Of L^ie Pbets, as well Greeke as Latine, hold Mm». 
Herace in higheft account, as the moft acute and arti* 
fidaO of them all, having attained to fuch height, that to 
the difcreet judgement, hee hath cut off lul hope of 
equalising him : his Stile is elegant, pure and finewy. 
with nxMt wittjr and choke fentences, neither immJi 
cemtemtm Style (as SMoiBm faith of him) fed gramdileqm 
&fuUhm. Yea and if we bdeeve SM^Igcr, more accurate 
and fententious than Fmdsr. His Odes are of moft fweet 
and pleafant invention, |>e7ond all reprehenfion, eveiy 
where illuftrated with fundiy and rare teures and verfes, 
fo fluent that the fame Seatsprmftt&eti^noc had rather be Scdk. Pmt. 
compoferof the like, than be King of whole ^rrtfjM. Infv^f^^" 
his Satjres he is quicke, round and pleafant, and as "^^ '^ 
nothing fo bitter, fo not fo good as Iwvematt : his Epiftles 
areneate, his P«^r« his worn pccce, for while he teacheth 
the Art, hee goeth unartifidally to worke even in the 
very beginning. 

IruAMff of Satyrifts is the beft, for his Sabres are far >wm^. 
better than thofe of H#rtf^, and though he be lententioufly 
tart, yet is his phrafe deare and ooen. 

FerfmA know not why we Ihould fo much afled him, fmfmi, 
fmce wiui his obfcurity hee laboureth not to afled vs ; 
yet in our learned age bee is now difoovered to every 
Sdiode-boy : his ftUe is broken, froward, unpkafing and 
harfh. 

In Mmrtiai you ihall fee a divine wit, witii a flowing ^^^^^^ 
purity of the Latine toogoe, a tnie Epigrammatift : his 

verfe 



90 Of Poetry. 

yerk is cleare, full, and abfolute good, fome few too 
wantx>n and licentious, being winked at. 

Lucane breathes with a great fpirit, wherefore fome of 
our fhallow Grammarians, have attempted to equall him 
with Virgitt : but his error is, while hee doth ampuUare 
with bigge founding words, and a conceipt unbounded, 
furious and ranging, and cannot with VirgiU containe 
himfelfe within that fweet, humble, and unafieded 
moderation j he incurreth a fecret envy and ridiculous 
contempt, which a moderate and well tempered ftylc 
avoideth. 

SenecA. Stntca iox Maicfty and ilate yeeldeth not to any of 

the Greciims whofoever, Cultu & nitorty to vfe Scaligers 
words, farre excelling Euripides: albeit hee borrowed 
the Argument of his Tragxdies from the Grxcians : 
yet the Spirit, loflinefle of found, and Majefty of ftile is 
meerely his owne. 

0mdUn. cUudltm^ is an excellent and fwcct Poet, onely over- 

^'•^^"^•^* borne by the meanneflc of his fubjed, but what wanted 

^r^iw. ^^ j^^ matter hee fupplyed by his wit and happy inven- 

tion. 

Sttuhu. StMtitu is a fmooth and fweet Poet, comming neereft 

of any other to the ftate and Majeffy of Virgils verfe, 
and Virgitt onely excepted, is the Prince of Poets afwell 
Greekes as Latine : for he is more flowery in figures, 
and writteth better lines than Homer. Of his worlds his 
Sylvs are the beft. 

Pnpertius, Fropertiui is an eafie, deare, and true Elegiacke, fol- 

lowing the trad of none fave his owne invention. 
Among Comicke Poets, how much antiquity attributed 

riautHi. to Flautm for his pleafant vaine (to whom Volcatim gvrtiS^ 

the place next to CsciUmy and Varro would make the 

Ttrwce, mouth of Mufes^J fo much aoe our times yeeld to Terence^ 

for the puri^ of^his flile : wherefore Scd/iger wilieth vs 
to admire Flmfttu as a Comoedian, but Terence as a pure 
and elegant fpeaker. 

Thus 



of Poetry. 91 

Thus have I ia bricfe, comprized for your behoofc, 
the hive ccnfure oF the bcft of Latine Pocts^ as it is 
coploofljr delivered by the Prince of all learning and 
ludn of judgements, the divine luL C^f. ScsHger. But 
while we loc&e backe to antiquitie, let us not forget our 
later and moderae times (as imagining nature ha& here- 
tofore extradbrd her quinteflence, and left us the dregges) 
which produce as fertile wits, as perhaps the other, yea 
and in our Briumme. 

Of Latine Poets of our times in the judgement of JBrxur 
and the bcft learned, BacbmiMm is eftcemed the chiefe : 
who albeit, in his peiibn, behaviour and fafliion, hee was 
rough-hewen, flovenly and rude, feldome caring for a 
better outfide than a Ruggc^gowne girt dofe about him, 
vet his infide and conceipC in Poefie was moft rich, and 
his fweetnefle and facilitie in a verfc, unimitably excel, 
lent, as appeareth by that Mafter-peece his Ffalmes | as 
farre beyond thofe of B. Uemmusj as the Stanzas of 
Fetrarcb the rimes ofSieltm : but deurvingmore applaufe 
^in my opinion) if he had fabe upon another fubjedl ; for 
I fav with one, MM j^iritus dsvimus ejufmoM placet jito hi, Csf. ^n/^^r. 
ftipfum mgeffit a fatre^ CK iUvrum figet qui Davidh Ffalmes 
(wk taUmijhm hmRu ^erarasU effictre plauRhiliares. And 
certaine in that boundlefle field of Pocticall invention, 
it cannot be avoided, but fomething muft bee diftorted 
bcfidc the intent of the Divine enditer. 

His Tragedies are loflie, the ftile pure, his Epigrams 
not to be mended, fave heere and there (according to his 
Genius) too broad and bitter. 

But let OS looke behind, and wee (hall findc one 
£nglifli-bred (whoTe ^lory and worth, although Cineri 
fufpajlm d^hfw) is infenour neither to Btubasum^ or any 
of the andents, and fe much the more to be valued, by 
how much the bri^iter hee appeared out of the fogges 
of Barbarifme and ignoiance m his time ; that is, Irftfb H^ of '^«'- 
of Exeter^ who lived under Htmrj the fccond, and Kcbard 

the 



91 Of Poetry. 

the firft, who wrote that iingular and ftately Poeme of the 
Trojan warre, after the Hiflorie of Dares Fhygtus^ which 
the Germanes have printed under the name of Comeltm 
liepos. He dyed at Baurdeaux in Framcty where he was 
Archbifhop, where his monument is yet to bee feene. 

After him (all that long trad of ignorance, untill the 
dales of Henry the 8. (mddi time Eraftmu calleth, the 
Golden Age ef learning^ in regard of to manv famoufly 
learned men, it produoKl more than ever Heretofore) 
sir Thmm flourifhed Sir Tbomm Moare^ fometime Lord Chancellor 
^**^* of Engldmd : a man of moft rich and pleafant invention : 

his vtrfc fluent, nothing harfii, conftrained or obfcure, 
wholly compofed of concdpt, and inofienfive mirth, that 
he feemeth sd iefiresfidffe natum. How wittily doth he 
play upon the Ardi-cuckold SaUnuSy fcofie at Frenchified 
JLalm^ and Heruey a French cowardlv Captaine, beaten 
at the Sea by our Englifh, and his Ihippe burned^ yet his 
vidtory and valor, to the Englifh difgrace, proclamied by 
Brixim a Germane ' VoUafier 7 What can be more loftie 
than his gratulatory verfe to King Henry upon his Coro- 
nation day, more wittie than that Epigramme up6h the 
name of Nicolmm an ignorant Phyfitian, that had beene 
the death of thoufiinds, and Akyngdms Epitaph? more 
fweete than that nedhu- Epiftle of his, to his daughters 
Mmrgarety EGzaietby and Cicely f But as thefe ingenious 
exercifes bewrayed in him an extraordinary quicknefle 
of wit and learning, to his Fifcfia his depth of judgement 
in State afiaires, than which, in the (pinion of the moft 
learned Bud^eut in a Preface, before it our age hath not 
feene a thing more deepe and accurate. In his yonger 
yeeres, tiiere was ever a friendlv and vertuous emulation, 
for tiie palme of invention and poefie, betweene JVilliam 
muidm iMy. I^Use the Author of our Grammar, and him, as ajp- 
peareth by their feveraU tranflations of many Greeke 
£pigrammes^ and their invention tried upon one fubjed^ 

not' 



Of Poetry. 93 

notwidiftanding they kxi'd and liu'd together as deareft 
friends. Uttie alfo was, befide an excellent Latine Pbet, 
a finguhr Graecian ; who after he travelled all Greece 
over, and many parts of Eurpft befide, and lived fome 
foure or five yeeres in the lie of the RJMes : he re- 
turned home, and by loim C§Ue$ Deane of FsuUs^ was 
eleAed Maftcr of Fsuh Schoole, which he had newty 
founded. 

Shortlv after, began to grow eminent, afwell for Poe* 
fie as all other generall learning. Sir Tbomm CbsUmter sir 
Knight (father to the truely honeft. and fometime lover " 
of aU excellent Ptrts, Sir Tbamm Cbsttmer^ who attended 
upon the late Prince) borne in Jjtmdm^ brought up in 
Ctamhndgs\ who having left the Vniverfi^, and followed 
the Court a good while, went ontt with Sir Henry Kmjrvet^ 
Embaf&dour to Cbmrhs the fift, as his friend and com- 
panion : what time the Emperour being preparing a 
mighty Fleete againft the Turkes in Arper^ the Englifli 
Embafladour, Sir Th^mm Cballmtery Henry Kmpw/esy M 
Henry Ipnn^ and others^^went in that fervice as voluntaries 
with the Emperour. But the Galley wherein Sir Tbomm 
Ckmllmer was, being caft away by foulencfle of weather, 
after he had laboured by fwimming for his life as long 
as he was able, and the ftrength of his armes failing 
him, he caught hold vpon a caUe thrownc out from 
another Galky, to the loflc and breaking of many of his 
teeth, and by that meanes faved his life. After the 
death of King Hern^ the 8. he was in the battaile of 
MuskelUnugby and Knighted by the Duke of Smnmerfet. 
And in the beginning of the raigne of Qucene EliZMhetb^ 
hee went over Embif&dour into Sfsmey where at his 
houres of leifure, he compiled ten elegant bookes in Latin 
verfc. de Refttb. An^hfvm mfmarMtdii fupervifed after 
bis death t^ MmTtm^ and dedicated to the old Lord 
Bmrgbteyy Lord Treafurer. Being fent for home by her 
Maiefly, he fhortly after dyed in Liomdem^ and was buryed 

in 



94 Of Poetry. 

in Touts necrc to the fteppes of the Quire, toward the 
Soutb-doore, under a faire marble ; but the brafle and 
cpitapbe written by Do^r Hoddm by facrilegious hands 
is fince torne away. But the Mufes and Etemall Fame 
have reared him a monument more lafting and worthy 
the merit of fo excellent a man. 
r Of Englifh Poets of our owne Nation, eftceme Sir 
Sirjecfrey Uoffrey chauctr the father^ although the ftile for the 
ouHctT, antiquity, may diftaft you, yet as under a bitter and rough 

rinde, there iyeth a delicate kernell of conceit and fwect 
invention. What Examples, Similitudes, Times, Places, 
and above all, Perfons with their fpeeches, and attributes, 
doe as in his Cim$erhnjA,'9Xt& (like the threds of gold, 
the rich Arras) beautifie his worke quite thorow ? And 
albeit divers of his workes, are but meerely tranflations 
out of Latine and French^ yet he hath handled them fo 
artificially, that therebv he hath made them his owne, as 
his Troilm and CreJfeiJ. The Romane of the Rofe, was 
the Invention of lehan de MehmeSy a French Poet, 
whereof he tranflated but onely the one halfe: his 
C4»r^^v77-tales without queition were his owne invention, 
all circumftances being wholly Englifh. He was a good 
Divine, and faw in thofe times, without his fpe&acles, 
as may appeare by the Plough-man, and the Parfons 
tale: witliall an excellent Nlathematician, as plainely 
appeareth by his difcourfc of Aftrolabe to his little fonne 
Levjes. In briefe, account him among the beft of your 
Englifh bookes in your library. 
Gmer. Gower being very gracious with King Hemy the fourth, 

in his time carryed the name of the onely Poet, but his 
verfes to fay truth, were poore and plaine, yet fiill of 
good and grave Morality : but while he aflFeded alto- 
gether the French phrafe and words, made himfelfe too 
obfcure to his Reader^ befide his invention commeth 
farre fhort of the promife of his Titles. He publifhcd 
onely (that I know of) three bookes, which at S. Mary 

Overtes 



Of Poetry. ^y 

Overies in Smtb^mrke^ upon his monument lately repaired 
by fome good Benefador, lye under bis head ; which are. 
Vox clamantity Speculum Meditmrtky and Cmtftffte Ammitif. 
He was a Knieht, as alfo was Cbsucer. 

After him fucceeded LjdgMte^ a Monke of Burj^ who ii^gMt, 
wrote that bitter Satyre of Vnrs Flevj-meu. Hee fpent 
moft part of his time m tranflating the workes of others, 
having no great invention of his owne. He wrote for 
thofe times a tolerable and fmooth verfe. 

Then followed HarJmg^ and after him Skeltemy a Poet iUrJit^.Skgfrm, 
LdUfreate^ for what defert I could never heare ; if you 
defire to fee his veine and learning, an Epitaph upon 
King Hemy the feaventh at IVefi^wunfier will difcover it 

In the latter end of King Henry the 8. for their ex* Hmry Earie of 
ccUent faculty in Poefie were famous, the right noble ^'^^' 
Henry Earle of Surrey (whofe Songs and Sonnets yet 
extant, are of fweet conccipt :) and the learned^ but 
unfortunate. Sir Tbomm Wyat. Sir tImm 

In the time of Ednumrd the lixth lived StemheU, whom ^>'' 
King Htmry his father, a little before had made groome 
of his Chamber, for turning of certaine oiDmvids Pfalmet Hmimmmmti 
into verfe : and merry Ukn Heywood^ who wrote his «« Hr/M*»v» 
Epigrammes, as alfo Sir Themm Mmrt his Vtofimy in the JT^/illLi. 
parilh wherein I was borne; where either of them dwelt, 
and had faire pofleilions. 

About Queene Msries time, flouriflied Dodtor FkMer^ 
who in part tranilatcd yhrgtls jEmridSy after finiflied by 
ArtJbur Goldmg. 

In the time of our late Queene ElizMheiby which was i 
truly a goiden A^ (for fuch a world of refined wits, and I 
excellent fpirits it produced, whofe like are hardly to be 
hoped for, in any fucoeeding Age) above others, who 
honoured Poefie with their pennes and pradlice (to omit 
her Majcfty, who had a fmgular gift herein) were Edward 
Earle of Oxfrrd^ the Lord Buckturft^ Henry Lord Fsigei : 
our Phmixy the noUe Sir PMip Sidney^ M. Edvisrd 

Dyer, 



96 OfMufake. 

DyiTy M Edmmut Spencer ^ Mafter Samuel Darnel^ with 
fundry others ; whom (together with thofe admirable 
wits, yet living and fb well knowne) not out of Enuy, 
but to avoyde tedioufnefle, I overpaue. Thus much of 
Poetry. 

Chap. XI. 



Deuc. 31. 
* It was an 
inftramem 
three fquare, 
of 70. firings, 
of incompara- 
ble sweccnefle. 



OfMuficke. 

MVficke t lifter to Poetry, next crtvetii your ac- 
quaintance QH TOUT Gemms be fo difpofed) I know 
there are many, ^mo are sdem -i^umaoi^ and of fuch 
difproportioned fpirits, that they avoid her company ; 
as a great Cardinall in It$me^ did Rofes at their firft 
comming in, that to avoyde their fent, he built him an 
houfe in the champaigne farre fix>m anv towne : or (as 
with a Rofe not Jong fince, a great Ladies cheek in 
England) their eares are r^ady to blifter at the tcndreft 
touch thereof. I dare not pafle fo rafh a cenfure of thefe 
as Vtndar doth, or the ItMan^ having fitted a proverbe 
to the fame em:&, Whom God loves not^ that man loves 
not mupcke: but I am verily perfwaded, they are by nature 
very ill difpofed, and of fuch a brutifh ftujndity, that 
fcarce any thing elfe that is good and favoured of vertue, 
is to be found in them. Never wife man (I thinke) 
queftioned the lawfull ufe hereof, (ince it is an inmiediate 
gift of heaven, beftowed on man, whereby to praife and 
magnifie his Creator ; to folace him in the midft of fo 
many forrowes and cares, wherewith life is hourely befet: 
and that by fong, as by letters, the memory of Dodlrine, 
and the benefits of God might be for ever preferved (as 
we are taught by that Song of Mofes^ and thofe divine 
Pfalmes of the fweet finger of i/rife/, who with his* Pfaltcry 
•fo lowdly refounded the Myfteries and innumerable bene- 
fits 



OfMuJicke. 97 

fits of the Almighty Creator) and the fervice of God 
advanced, as we may find in a Samttel 6. verf. ^. Ffalme 
3}. II. 4.J. and 4, io8. 3. And in fundry other places of 
Scripture, which for brevity I omit. 

But, fay our Sedaries, the fervice of God is nothing 
advanced by finging and inftruments, as wee ufe it in 
our Cathedrall Churchei, that is; by << Antiph^^ Refiesy AnTweringont 
Repetifims^ Vmriety eg M—iu and Frop^ioms with the "«»^ •« «»»« 
like;- ^"^ 

For the firft, that it is not oontrary, but confonant to 
the Word of God, fo in fmglfl^ to anfwer either : the 
pra&ice of Miriam the Pro^cteile, and filler of Mrfes^ 
when (he anfwered tiie men in her fooff, will approve ; 
fior repetition, nothing was more vfuall in the finging of 
the JLtvitesy and among the Ffalmes of Dowdy the i ^6. 
is wholly compounded of thole two moft gracefull and 
fweet figures of repetition, Sjmploct and Anaphm'a. 

For Rffiing and Pr0p0rtimtSy the nature of the Hebrew 
verfe, as the meaneft Htiridam knowcth, confifting many 
times of uneven feete, goine fometime in this number, 
fometimes in that : one whUe (as S. lermmt faith) in the 
numbers of Sappho t another while of Akstmy doth of 
neceflity rcauire it: and irtierein doth our pradlice of 
finging and playing with Inftruments in his Majefties 
Chappell, and our Cathedrall Churdies, differ from ti)c 
pradtice of David ^ the Friffis and Levitsf D$e nvee m§t ckrm. x. uf. f. 
mate one figm§ im praifiug amd tbamkiug Gedy vdtb vej^s ^' »*• ^ "3- 
amd imftrMmtnts of all fmtts 1 D^mec (as S. lermme faith) 
rekoet la^tar templi : the roofc of the Qiurch ecchoeth 
againe, and which left they (hould cavill at as a lewifh 
Ceremony, we know to nave beene pradifed in the 
ancient purity of the Churdi; but we retume where we 
left. 

The Phy fitians will tell you, that the exerdfc of Muficke . 
is a great lengthner of the life, by ftirring and reviving f 
of the Spirits* holding a i'ecret lympathy with them; 

nACMKu H Bcfides, 



98 OfMuficke. 

Befides, the exerdfe of finging openeth the breaft tnd 
pipes : it is an enemy to mekncholly and dejedtion of 
the mind, which S. Chyfofiome traely calieth^ The Divels 
> iik, it Bath. Yea, a curer of fome difeafes: in AfupUy in Italy ^ 
sAngtnMumi, and thercabouts, it is moft certaine, that thofe who are 
ffaine with the TmramnUj^ are cured onely bjr Muficke. 
Befide tiie aforcfaid benent of finging, it is a moft ready 
helpe for a bad pronunciation, and diftind (peaking, 
which I have heard confirmed by many great Divines : 
vea, I my felfe have knowne many Children to have bin 
holpen <^ their ftammering in fpeech. onely by it 
dain^ior ^iMto calleth it, A Mvme ami beaveniy fraSicey profitable 

wpSruia, Ti/i^ for the feeking out of that whidi is good and honcft. 
i^^OM^ ^^'^ ^^^ Mufitians are worthy of Honor, and 
04//. 8. regard of the whole worldz and we know, albeit I^curgm 

impofed moft ftreight and (harpe Lawes upon the Lace- 
demamimsy yet he ever allowed them the exercife of 
Muficke. 
jirifi, Totitic. Arlfiotlt averreth Muficke to bee the onely difpofer 
of the mind to Vertue and Goodnefle ; wherefore he 
reckoncth it among thofe foure principall exercifes, 
wherein he would have children inftruded. 
cictn. Tufc. TuUy faith, there confifteth in the practice of finging 

fi^. lib. f . and playing upon Inftruments, great knowledge, and the 
moft excellent inftrudion of the mind : and for the efied 
it worketh in the mind, he tearmeth it, Statilem Thefau- 
rum J qui mores inftituit^ eompamtau€y ac moUit irarum ardo-- 
res^ dye. A lafting Treafure, which redificth and ordereth 
our manners, and allayeth tiie heate and fury of our 
anger, &c. 
^ I mi^ht runne into an infinite Sea of the praife and 
ufe of 10 excellent an Art, but I onely fhew it you with 
the finger, becaufe I defire not that any Noble or Gen- 
tleman (hould (fave at his private recreation and leafiire- 
able hourcs) proove a Maibxin the fame, or n^ed his 
more weighty imployments : though I avouch it a skill 

worthy 



OfMuficke. 99 

worthy the knowledge and exercife of the gretteft 
Prince. 

King Henry the eight cx>uld not onely fine his part E»fm,im¥4ins' 
furc, txit of himfelfc compofed a Service of foure, five, x»~ W- 
and fixe parts; as Erafmm in a certaine EpiiUe, tefhfieth 
of his owne knowledge* 

The Duke of fVm^ an ItMBim Prince, in like manner, p. ^f y^^^ 
of late yeares, hath siven excellent proofe of his know* 
ledge andloveto Mufudce^having hinuelfe compofedmany 
rare fongs, which I have fcene. 

But above others, who carryeth away the Palme for The juft pniie 
excellency, not onely in Muficke, but in whatfoever is to of iU^ 
bewimedinabravePrince,isthcyctIivingilfjifnVrI-f»/. {Sj^***^ 
grmve ot Hejfen^ of whofe owne compofition I have feene *"* 
eight or ten fcverali fetsof Motets, and folemneMuficke, 
fet purpofely for Us owne ChappeU ; where for the great 
honour of (ome Fdftivall, and many times for his recre- 
ation onely, he is his owne Organilt. Befides, he readily 
ft)eaketh ten or twelve feverall languages; he is (o 
univerfall a Scfaoller, that comming (as he doth often) 
to his Vniverfity of Mmrfurp^ what queftions foever he 
meetctfa with fet up, (as the manner is in the Germime 
and our Vniverfities) hee will Ex temp^rty difpute an 
houre or two (even in Bootes and Spurres) upon them, 
with their beft Profeflbrs. I pafle over his rare skill in 
Chirurgery, he being generally accounted the beft Bone- 
fetter in the Country. Who have feene hiseftate. hishof- 
pitality, his rich fiirniflied Armory, his brave Stable of 
great Horfes, his curtefie to all ilrangers, beine men of 
Quality and sood parts, let them fpe&e tiie reft. 

fiut fmce the naturall inclination of fome men, driveth 
them (as it were) perforce to the top of Excellency : ex- 
amples of this kind are very rare, yea great perionagcs 
many times are more violently carried, than mi^t 
well lland with their Honours^ and neceffity of their 
affaires : yet were it to thefe boneft and commendable 

H 1 excrcifcs 



Stut§ithit» 



M. WiUium 
Bird, 



Ijtd0vic§d€ 
ViOtrU, 



loo OfMuficke. 

exerdfcs favouring of vertue, it were well : but many 
negleding their duties and places, will addid themfelues 
wtollv to trifles, and the moft ridiculous and chiidiih 
praftices. As Erofus King of Macedoma^ tooke pleafure 
onely in making of Candies : Domittam his recreation was 
to catch and kill flyes, and could not be fpoken with many 
times in fo ierious employment Ftolamaus Fhiladelphus 
was an excellent Smith and a Basket-maker: Alfhmfe 
AUftmo Duke of Ferrara^ delighted himfelfe onely in 
Turning and playing the loyner. Rodolph the late km- 
perour, in fettingofStones and making Watches. Which, 
and the like, mudi eclipfe State and Majefty, bringing fa- 
miliarity, and by confequence contempt wi& the meaneft. 

I defire no more in you than to (ing your part fure, and 
at the firft fight, withall, to play tiie fame upon your Violl, 
or the exercife of tiie Lute, privately to your felfe. 

To deliver you my opinion, whom among other Authors 
you fhould imitate and allow for the beft, there being fo 
many equally good, is fomewhat difficult ; yet as in the 
refl herein you fhall have my opinion. 

For Motets and Muficke of piety and devotion, as 
well for the honour of our Nation, as the merit of the 
man, I prefer re above all other our Fhmnixy M. William 
Byrd^ whom in that kind, I know not whether any may 
equall, I am fure none excell, even by the iudgement of 
Priorrf andl/tfi^^whoare very fparing in the commendation 
of ftrangers, in regard of that conceipt they hold of them- 
felves. His Catttiones Sacrm^ as alfo his Gradualia^ are meere 
Angelicall and Divine ^ and being of himfelfe naturally 
difpofed to Gravity and Piety, his veine Is not fo much 
for light Madrigals or Canzonets, yet his Pirpnellit and 
fome others in his firfl Set, cannot oe mended by the befl 
Italian of them all. 

For compofition, I preferre next Ludovico de ViSoria^ 
a mofl judicious and a fweete Compofer : afler him 
Orlando di Lajfo^ a very rare and excellent Author, who 

lived 



OfMuficke. 1 01 

lived fome forty yeares fince in the Court of the Duke 
of Bsvier. He hath publifhed as well in Lttlne as French 
many Sets, his veine is grave and fweet : among his Latlne 
Songs, his fevenpoenitentiall Pfabnes are the beft, and that 
Frendi Set of his wherein is Suf^nma vm lottr : upon which 
Ditty many others have fince exercifed their invention. 

For delicious Aire and fweet Invention in Madrigals, um ilmn^M. 
Ljtca Maremzio excelleth all other whofoever, having 
pubiilbed more Sets than any Author elfe whofoever ; 
and to fav truth, hath not an ill Song, thoueh fometime 
an over-hght (which might be the Printers fault) of two 
^tgttf^ or Jlfi^s cfcapt him ; as between the Tem^ and 
B^# in the laft dofe, of I mmfi depart all hafUfft : ending 
according to the Nature of the Ditty moft artificially, 
with a Minim reft. His firft, fecond, and third parts of 
Tfyrpfj y^ggf dolce mio ^em Mfie hegp wtio Sole CaMtava*^ 
or /wet fngmg Amaryllis^ are Songs, the Mufes them- 
felves misht not have beene afhamecl to have had com* 
pofed. Of ftmture and complexion, he was a little and 
olacke man ; he was Organift in the Popes Chappell at 
Reme a good while, afterward hee went into Folamd^ being 
in difpleafure with the Pope for overmuch familiarity 
with a kinfwoman of his, (whom the Queene of Felaml 
fent for by Lmca Maremtio afterward, fhebeing one of the 
rareft women in Eurfe^ for her voyce and the L4ite :) but 
returning, he found tiie afle&ion of the Pope fo eftranged 
from him, that hereupon hee tooke a conoeipt and dyed. 

Alphmfo ¥erak%fc9M^ father, while he lived, for iudg«- Hr«a» VmM. 
ment and depth of skill, (as alfo his fonne vet living) 
was inferior unto none ; what he did was moft elaborate 
and profound, and pleafing enough in Aire, though 
Mafter Thefmm Mmrlej cenfurcth him otherwife. That 
of his, Ifaw my LaJy vjeepmg^ and the KgbtiugaU (upon 

(■ Sec Diet, hUi, ii. 11/, where correct cidet ire given as*.— 'Tirsi 
morir Tolet ' \ * Vegso doloe mio bene * i * Che fa bogg ' il nio lole ' ) 
'Camava la piu Taga/) 

which 



102 OfMuficke. 

whidi Ditty Matter Bird and he in a friendly semulation^ 
ezercifed their invention) cannot be bettered for fweet- 
nefle of Ayre, or depth of judgement 

HtrtiU VteM. I bring you now mine owne Mafter^ Horatio Vecchi 
of Modena : befide gQodnefle of Aire moft pleafing of 
all other for his conceipt and variety, wherewith all 
his workes are (ingularly beautified, as well his Madri- 
gals of five and fixe, as thofe his Canzonets, printed at 
Norimherge: wherein for tryall, fing his Vivo in fuoco 
amcnfoy LMcrotia mia^ where upon lo catenato morOy with 
excellent judgement, he driveth a Crotchet thorow 
many Minims, caufing it to refemble a chaine with the 
Linkes. Againe, in ^ iopoteffi raccor^ i met Sofiiriy the 
breaking of the word SoJ^hi with Crotchet & Crotchet 
reft into fighes : and that/2r mi vm Camzone^ &c. to make 
one fleepe at noone, with fundry other of Hke conceipt, 
and pleafant invention. 

Gmiwmi Cr$c$. Then that great Mafter, and Matter not long fince of 
S. Maries Chappell in Vemce^ fecond to none, m a foil, 
lofty, and fprightly veine, following none fave his owne 
humour : wno while he uved was one of the mott free 
and brave companions of the world. His Poenitcntiall 
Pfalmes are excellently compofed, and for piety are his 
bett. 

Taer Thiiipj. Nor mutt I here forget our rare Countrey-man, Peter 
FhslipSy Organitt to their Alte%%a*s at BruxeUy now one 
of the greatett Matters of Muficke in Europe. Hee hath 
fent us over many excellent Songs, as well Motets as 
Madrigals : he affi^eth altogether the ItaCam veine. 

There are many other Authors vciy excellent, as Bof- 
chettOy and Claudio de Monte Verde^ equall to any before 
named ^ Giouamiiom Ferretti^ Stepbamo Felky Giulio Binaldiy 
Fbiliffo de Monte ^ Andrea Gatrieli^ Cyprian de RorOy Fal- 
laviceno^ GeminianOy with others yet living ; whofe feverall 
workes for me here to examine, would be over tedious 
and needlefle ; and for me, pleafe your owne eare and 

fancy. 



Mocecs of 8. 
parts, princed 
in X^me, x/^ 



OfMuficke. 103 

fiuiqr. Tliofe whom I have before mentioned, have been j^ 

ever (within thefe thirty or forty yeares) held for the 

beft. 

I willinglv, to avoyde tedioufnefle, forbeare to fpeake 
of the wortn and excellency of the reft of oar Englifh 
Compofers, Mafter Dodor DanUmd^ Th^mm Mnlej^ NL 
Alphmfr^ M WiUy^ M Kirkj^ M. Wilkes^ MkhMilEMfi^ 
M. Bstefm^ M. Deerimg^ with fundry others, inferiour to 
none in the world (hmr mtidi foever the Italian attri- 
butes to himfelfe) for depth of skill and richnefle of 
conceipt* 

Infinite is the fweet variety that the Theorique of 
Muficke ezerdfcth the mind withall, as the contempla- 
tion of proportioiK of Concords and Difcords, diverfity 
of Moodes and Tones, infinitenefle of Invention, &c. 
But I dare affirme, there is no one Science in the 
world, that fo afiedcth the free and generous Spirit, with 
a more delightfiill and in-ofienfive recreation, or better 
difpofeth the miode to what is commendable and ver- 
tuous. 

The Oxnmon-wealth of the Cymetbemfts in ArtUimy T«/^./i».4.r.7. 
fitUing from the delight they formerly had in Muficke, 
grew into feditious humours and dvill warres, which 
^•lyUm tooke efpedally note of: and I fuppofe, hereupon 
it was ordained in ArcsMsj that every one flioiild pradife 
Muficke by the fptce of thirty yeares. 

The ancient GsmUs in like manner (whom JmBmb T"^^"^- 
tearmed barbarous) became moft curtcous and tradable "^JSL 
by the pradife of Muficke. 

Yea, in my opinion, no Rhetoricke more perfwadcth, lUMconaiie 
orhathgreaterpoweroverthemind: nay, hath not Muficke *^^^™^' 
her figures, the fame which Rhetoriqoe? What is a Jtmrt *"'«*»«y- 
but her AmHJtffht t her reports, but fweet Ammfb9rd$ 1 
her OMntcrAzngtOf joints, AmtimetsMt^ff herpaflionate 
Aires but Frrf9f0fmds t with infinite other of the fame 
nature. 

How 



104 Of Antiquities. 

How doth Muficke amaze us^ when of found difcords 

(he maketh the fweeteft Harmony ? And who can (hew 

us the rea(bn why two Bafons, Bowles, Brade-pots, or 

the like of the fame bigne(re ; the one being ftill, the 

The ftnitfe Other empty, (hall, ftriken, be a juft Diapi^tm in found 

effeds and one to the Other : or that there (hould bee uich fympathy 

mSoU pro- ^^ founds^ that two Lutes of equall (ize being laid upon 

portions. a Table, and tuned Vnifon, or alike in the Gamma^ Gfol 

re v$^ or any other firing ; the one ftricken, the other un« 

touched (hall anfwer it? 

But to conclude, if all Arts hold their efteeme and 
value according to their Efieds, account this goodly 
Science not among the number of thofe which Ijician 
placeth without the gates of Hell, as vaine and unprofit- 
able: but of fuch whidi are inyyol r»i;#ca\di;, the fountaines 
of our lives good and happinefle : (ince it is a principall 
meanes of glorifying our mercifull Creator, it heighthens 
our devotion, it gives delight and eafe to our travailes, 
it expelleth fadnefle and heavinefle of Spirit, preferveth 
people in concord and amity, allayeth fiercenefle, and 
anger ; and lafUy, is the beft Phifidke for many melan- 
choUy difeafes. 

Chap. XII. 

Of Antiquities. 

OVt of the Treafury and Storehoufe of venerable 
Antiquities, I have felededthefe three forts. Statues j 
Infariptionfy and Coynes ; defiring you to take a (hort view 
of them, ere you proceed any further. 

The pleafure of them is befl knowne to fuch as have 
feene them abroad in France^ Spasne^ and Italy ^ where the 
Gardens and Galleries of great men are beautified and fet 
forth to admiration with thefe kinds of ornaments. And 
indeed the pofleffion of fuch rarities, by reafon of their 

dead 



of AnUquities. loy 

dead coftlinefle, doth properly belong to Princes, or rather 
to princelj minds. But the profitable neceflitie of fome 
knoirledge in them, will plainly appeare in the handily 
of each particular. Sure I am, that he that will travel^ 
mufl both heed them and underftand them, if he defire 
to bee thought ingoiious, and to bee welcome to the 
owners. For next men and manners, there is nothing 
fiurely more delightfidl, nothine wortiuer obfenration, 
than tbefe Copies^ and memorials of men and matters of 
elder times; whofe lively prcfence is able to perfwade 
a man, that he now feeth two thoufand yeeres agoe. Such 
as are skilled in them, are by the Itmliims tearmed Vtrtuep^ 
as if others that either negledt or defpife them, were idiots 
or rakehels. And to fay truth^ they are fomewhat to be 
excufed, if they have ail JjttfbtUtrs (as the Dutch call 
them) in fo high eftimation, for they themfelves are fo 
great lovers of them (& pimlk Rmili gaudet^ that they 
purchafe them at any rate, and lay up mightie treafures 
of money in them. Witncfle that Exchequer of mcttals 
in the Cabinets of the great Duke of Tufcmtj^ for number 
and raritie abTohitely the beft in the world, and not 
worth fo little as looooa pound. For proofe whereof, 
doe but coofider the number oi thoTe which ¥eter dt 
Medicit loft at Fl^rtmcf upon his banifliment and de- 
parture thence, namehr, a hundred thoufand peeces of 
gold, and filver, and oraflfe, as Fhilip de Ctmmmes re* 
portctii, who mcntioneth them as an infinite treafure. 
And yet Fetn was but a private man, and not to be any 
way compared with the Dukes of his Houfe. that have 
beene fince, all of them great and diligent gatherers of all 
manner of Antiquities. And for Statues, the Disma of 
Efbefm in the marble chamber at Pjnir, Lmcmm and Nilm 
in Belmedfrt at Rtme^ and many more, are peeces of in- 
eftimable value : but the matchlefle, and never too much 
admired r#r# in Cardinall Fmmrfes garden out-ftrippeth 
allother Statues in theworldfbr greatnefle and workeman* 

ship. 



io6 Of jintiquities. 

ihip. It comprehendeth a great Bull, and (if my memory 
faile mee not) feven or eight figures more as great as the 
life^all of one entire peece of marble, covered with a houfe 
made of purpofe. and eftimated at the wealth of a king- 
dome, as the Jtalimis fay, or all other Statues put together. 
Of scaraet. And now to fpend a few lines on Statues in general! ^ 

I began with them^^ becaufe I fuppofe them of greater 
ftanding & antiquitie, than either Infcriptions or Coines. 
For, not to fpeake ctf* Infcriptions, but of the Genim of 
them. Writing and Letters, they feeme to be fo much the 
later invention of the two (I meane in regard of Statues) 
as it was more obvious and eafier for man to figure and 
reprefent his outward body than his inward mimle. We 
Eeare oilaihMs idols, long befime the two tables of the 
commandements, and they are the firft of either kind men- 
tioned in the holy Scriptures. And in the Stories of the 
Eaft and Weft Indies, we finde idols among thofe Savages 
that had neither writing nor money. Goines I place in the 
reare, becaufe they are made up of both the other. For 
moft commonly they confift (1 fpeake not of the material! 
but formal! part) either of an Imcription, or an image, or 
both ; fo tliat the other two may juftly claime precedency 
of Goines, feeing they are the ingredient fimples that 
compound them. It is true that we reade in Geueps that 
Abraham bought the field of Machpelah for 400 Uiekels, 
and that (you may fay) is long before we heare either of 
Idols or writings : but withal! it is faid there^ not that he 
told out fo much money to Epbrmty but that UfpenMt) he 
weighed it ; fo that 400 fliekels there are to oe taken for 
fo much in weight, not in coyne, peamsM numerata. At 
Rome, Servim was the firft (asltaven^ thinks, and SnettiUi 
is perfwaded) or Nmna Pomfi/sm (as SttiJas out of Suetomu 
a!leadgeth,and ^(fdare be!eeveth)that firft ftamped mone^. 
But their Pemates were ftnre more ancient, wliidi tiieir 
Poets (and particularly yir^i) fay, JBneas brought with 
him from Troy. I will leave this point with this l^-obfer- 

vation, 



of Antiquities. 107 

vatton, that if that Story of JEmeas be true ; the Coynes 
that fooie Antiquaries have of Friamm and Trov may 
very well be (vSyc&td {ffjTgcTy. For it is not likely that 
tiiey that had tune enough to bring away their houlehold 
Gods, fliould be <8o) fiaiictfiiU as tokav^aU their money 
bdiiad diem ; and io negligent withall, as after their fet- 
ling in Ifsfy^ never to put in pradlice a thing fo ufefiill and 
neoeflary as coyned money is, till ServtMS or Numi^s time. 
To retume to our Statues ; they (I propound) are chiefly 
Greeke and Romane, and both thefe either of Deities or 
Mortals. And where fliould the Magazine of the bed of 
thefe be, but where the feat of the laft £mpire was? even 
at Rome : where though thev be daily found and dimd 
for, yet are they fo extreamely afledled and fought vTer, 
that it is (as with Gennets in SfMrne) feUony to ooa ip e y 
them thence without fpedall licence. But in Greece and 
other parts of the Grand Siffniors Dominions (where 
fometime there were more Statues (landing than men 
living, fo mudi had Art out-ftripped Nature in thofe 
dayes) they nuy be had for dicing and carrying. For by 
reafoQ of the barbarous religion of the Turks, which ai- 
knreth not the likenefle or reprefentation of any living 
thing, they have been for the moft part buryed in luines 
or broken to peeces ; fo that it is a hard matter to light 
upon any there, that are not headlefle and lame^yet moft 
01 them venerable for their antiquitie and elepanor* And 
here I cannot but with much reverence, mention tne every 
way Right honourable Ti^tiut Hmv^rd Lord high Mar- 
(hall of JSif /oM^ as great for his noble Patronase of Arts 
and ancient learning, as for his birth and place. To 
whofe liberall chaiges and magnificence, tms angle of 
the world oweth the firft fi^t of Greeke and Romane 
Statues, with whofe admired prefence he besan to hon« 
our the Gardens and Galleries of Arundel-Houfe about 
twentie yeeres agoe, and hath ever (ince continued to 
tranfplant old Greece into BmglmUl. King Cb^rhs also 

ever 



1 o8 Of Antiquities. 

ever fince his comming to the Crowne. hath amply tefti- 
fied a Royall liking ofandent ftatues, by caufing a whole 
army of old fbrraine Emperours. Captaines, and Senators 
all at once to land on his ooaKS, to come and doe him 
hcmiage^ and attend him in his palaces of Saint lames ^ and 
Sonmienet-houfe. A great part of thefe belonged to the 
late Duke of MmrfuM : and fome of the Old-greeke-marble- 
bafes, columnes, and altars were brought from the mines 
of Afolh^s Temple at lUUs^ by that noble and abfolutely 
compleat Gentleman Sir Kemhelme Digty Knight. In 
the Garden at S^ lames there are alfo haJfe a dozen brafle 
ftatues, rare ones, caft by Huiert le Sueur his MajefUes 
Servant now dwelling in Saint BartMomewes London, 
the moft induibious and excellent Statuary in all ma- 
terials that ever this Countrey enjoyed. 

The beft of them is the Gladiator, molded from that 
in Cardinall Borghefes Fillay by the procurement and in- 
duftry of ingenious Mafter Gage. And at this prefent 
the (aid Mailer Sueur hath divers other admirable molds 
to caft in brafle for his Majeftie, and among the reft that 
£timous IXama of Efhefus above named. But the great 
Horfe with his Majeftie upon it, twice as great as the 
life, and now well-nigh fimihed, will compare with that 
of the New-bridge at Paris^ or thofe others at Florence 
and MadriJy though made by Sueur his Mafter, loim de 
Bolonia that rare worke-man, who not long fince lived at 
Florence. At Yorke-houfe alfo^ the Galleries and Roomes 
are ennobled with the pofleflion of thofe Romane Heads, 
and Statues, which lately bebnged to Sir Feter Paul 
JRiK^x Knight, that exquilit Painter of ^fffoue;^: and the 
Garden will bee renowned fo k>ng as lohn de Bologna*s 
Cain and AM ftand ere&ed there, a peece of wondrous 
Art and Workemanihip. The King ofSpame gave it his 
Majdtie at his being there, who bd^owed it on the late 
Duke of BuckinghoM. And thus have we of late yeeres 
a good fample of this firft ibrt of Antiquities accom- 
panied 



of Antiquities. 109 

panicd with fome novelties, which nevertfacleflc can 
not but fiUl ihort of thofe in other Countries^ where 
the lore and ftudy of them is farre andenter, and the 
meancs to come by them eafier. 

It is not enough for an ingenuous Gentleman to behdd 
thefe with a vu^ar eye : but he muft be able to diftio- 
guifli them, and tell who and what they be. To doe this^ 
there be foure parts : Firft, by gcnerall learning in Hil- 
tory and Poetry. Whcrebv we are taught to know lufit9r 
by nis bonder-bolt, Jlf#rx oy his armour, Nefiume by his 
Trident, Apollo by his harpe, Mtratry by Us wingeson his 
cap and fe^ or oy his Caduceus ; Certs by a handfiill of 
corne, Flera by her flowers, Bmcchui by his Vine-leaves, 
Pmmmm by her Apples, Hera/Us by his club or Lyons skin, 
Hercules infans t^ his grafping of Snakes. Cemedj by a 
vizard in her hand, Dimsm by a cftfcent, ¥Mm by her hel- 
met and fpeare, and fo generally <^ moft of the Deities. 
Some mortals alfo are knowne oy their cognifances, as 
Lmecem by his Snakes ftinging mm to death, Cleefsirs 
by a viper, Cicere by his wert, and a great many more. 

But becaufe all (tatues have not fuch properties and 
badges, there is a fecond way to difceme them, and that 
is by their coynes. For if you looke upon them (idewayes 
and confider well their halfe-faces, as all coynes fliew 
them, you will ca(ily know them. For this is certaine 
(which alfo witneflcth the exquifit diligence of ancient 
workes) that all the faces of any one perfon. whether on 
old coynes or ftones, in greater or lefler volume, are all 
alike. Infomuch as if you bring an old rufty coyne to any 
rcafonable Antiquary : if he can fee but a nole upon it, 
or a pccce of the face, he will give you a (hrcwd gueile 
at him, though none of the infcription be to be feene. 

A third and very good way to diftinguifli them, is by 
the bookc of collection of all the principall ftatues that 
are now to be leene at Rome : printed there with the 
Title, Icemes ftMivsrtm mum beiii viftmtur RemM. 

He 



no of Antiquities. 

He that is well acquainted with this booke, will eafily 
difcover at firft fight a great many of them. For there 
are a number of ftatues of one and the fame perfon : and 
be that knowes one of them knowes all the reft. 

The fourth and laft helpe, and without which the reft 
are weake, is to vifit them in company of fuch as are 
learned in them^ and by their helpe to grow familiar 
Witii them^ and to pnuibfe their acquaintance. 

Now beude the pleafure of feeing, and converfing with 
thefe old Herofs^ (whofe meere prefence, without any 
fiirther oonfideration, reared on tneir feverall PeJsfials^ 
and ranked decently, either /ir^ £0^ where they fliew beft, 
or in a ftatdy Gallery, cannot but take any eye that can 
but fee :) the profit of knowing them, redounds to all 
Poets, Painters, Architeds, andgenerally to fuch as may 
have xiCcafion to implOT any of thefe, and by confequent 
to all Gentlemen. To Poets for the prefentation of 
Comedies, Tragedies, Maskes, Shewes, or any learned 
fcene whatfoever ; the properties whereof can neither be 
appointed nor jixdgtA of, txit by fuch as are well feene in 
ftatue-craft To Painters, for the piduring of fome 
exquifit arme, 1^, torfe or wreathing of the bray, or any 
other rare pofture, whether fmooth or forced. 

Befides, Rounds (fo Painters call Statues and their ftag- 
ments) may be had, when the life cannot, and have the 
patience to ftand when the life will not : and this is a 
maxime among Artifb in this kind, that a Round is better 
to draw by, and comes neerer the life, than any flat or 
painting whatfoever. And if a Painter will meddle with 
Hiftory, then are old Statues to him the onely life it felfe. 
I call JReuhens to witnefle, fthe beft ftory-painter of thefe 
times) whether his knowle^e in this kind hath not been 
his onely making. But his Statues before named, and his 
workes doe teftSe it for him : yea while he is at worke, 
he ufeth to have fome good hiftorian or Poet read to him, 
which is rare injnen of his profeflSon, yet abfolutely ne- 

ceflary. 



of Antiquities. 1 1 1 

ceflary. And as for Arcbite^ they have ereat ufe of 
Statues for ornaments for gates, arches, freefes and 
oomiflies, for Tombes and divers other bidldings. 

And therefore I nuy juftly conclude that the ffaidy of 
Statues is profitaUe for all ingenuous Gentlemen^ who 
are the onely men that impIoyPoetSp Painters^and Archi- 
teds, if they be not all thefe themfelves. And if they bee 
not able to iudge of their workes, they well deferve to be 
couzened* 

Infcriptions foUow, wherein I will be fliorter, becaufe I or inTcrip- 
can addrefle you to better helps in them, than in the "®'"' 
former. For of the difoovery of Statues, I know not anv 
that have written fo much as hath beene now deliverecl, 
but as for Infcriptions divers Authors have unfolded them. 
I will name you one for all, and that is Upfim^ who hath 
fet forth the colledUons of another, and many of his owne 
befidet. This booke of Infcriptions is in Folio, and printed 
nXAmivmfyfx 0ffidmm FUmttmMmsRmphelemgf: where in the 
very beginning he beflowcth a leafe or two in decyphring 
unto us, and explaining the fence of old Charaaers, or 
(bort writing 4 as that D. M. ftands for Dyr Msrntm^ 
which you uiuaJIy find upon vmes : L. M. St^^toi iMkems 
Mmtfiei D. A D. for Dst^ Dicat^ DeJiCMt: D. S. P. 
for 2>e Sm0 F$fmt: and fo of the reft which I leave, that 
1 may not be a Plagiary verAstim. 

And becaufe Infcriptions are not onely of Stones, as of 
Vrnes, Altars, Vcflels, Gates, Aqusedu^s, && fuch as 
Liffim handleth; but of Coynes alfo; I will give you 
two or three examples of thefe, with which and fome 
pradice you may eaiily unriddle the reft. M. Durmim III. 
VIR. A. A. A. F. P. Readc it thus, Msrcm Dunmm 
tritmmr Mtrr0 grgtmt^ m fimido feriumd: Againc, Imp. 
Cff. TrMJ4m0. Mtg. ger. dsc. P. M. tr. p. cf. yj. P. P. 
Expreflc it thus ; ImpersUri Cafmi Trmjmio^ ^pffi^^ Ger^ 
manic9^ Dsdc9j Pmtifid Maxitm^ trihmltiM p^iefimtis^ 
Cmtfuli Jextmm. Pstri Pmfri^. Where bj^the way I muft 

commend 



112 Of Antiquities. 

commend a learned note of Stephen Pa/yt/ier in his Re* 
therehes de U Framee^ that the word Pspa comes from an 
old miftake of Fater Fatristy written thus. Fa. Fa. as we 
have it in manj Coynes. If it bee demanded how wee 
know that thefe characters are to be thus read ? I anfwer, 
bj divers other infcriptions where thor are written at 
large. I muft not forget to tell you that Arundel-Houfe is 
the diiefe £nglifh icene of ancient Infcriptions, whidi 
Mafter Ulm SeUem (the beft and learnedft Antiquary in 
this Kingdome) hath colle&ed together under the title of 
Marmora Arumdeliama. You <hall finde all the walles 
of the boufe inlayde with them, and fpeaking Greeke and 
Latine to you. The Garden efpecially wiU afibord you 
the pleafure of a world of learnea LeAures in this kinde. 
The ufe of thefe old memorials tends to the illuftration 
of Hiftorie, and of the antiqiuHe of divers matters, 
plftei^, and Cities^ whidi o&erwife would be obfcure, if 
not altogether unknowne unto us. I will give you the 
i&ext at £ind for example. Vpon a reverfe ofNerva wee 
finde a teame of Horfes let loofe^ with this Infcription. 
FeJUat/atione per Italiam rermffJ. Whereby wee learne 
(which no Hifh)rian remembers) that the Romane Em- 
perours did command all the carriages of the Countrey 
every where; that Nerva did remit that burthen and 
acquitted them of it ; and that this grievance was fo 
heauy, that Coynes were ftamped in remembrance of 
the Emperours goodneflc that eafed them of it. 
of coynet. I comc to the laft of our feled Antiquities, Coynes. 

They are much eafier to come-by, than either Statues or 
Infcriptions: firft, in regard of their numerous quantitie: 
and fecondly, by reafon of their fmall bulke, which 
make the purchafe cheaper, and the carriage lighter. 
Thofel intend to handle, are Hebrew, Greeke, and Latine. 
Of thefe,divers learned menhave treated; chiefly, BuiUw^ 
Agricola^ Alciat, Carolw Molinam HotomannWy 2>r- 
dacm Covarruvtas^ }Vitteirord%t SneUiiHy and Edovardw 

Brere- 



of Antiquities. 113 

Bnr€V99$d. Tbefe Authors treat of the feverall Species 
or kinds of old Coynes, and of their weight and vaJue in 
monejes of thefe times. There are others that have col* 
leded and reprefented the ftamps, that is, the Figures and 
Infcriptions of all the individuall or feverall peeces that 
ever they faw or read of. Such are G^ltxam for Greeke 
peeces, Fmhnm Vrfinm for Confulars, Occo for Imperials. 
And for the rates at which they are now bought and fold 
in Germany, HulBm. To thefe I adde S^nmi his DiA 
courfe des M^dmuts^ which excels for the materiall part 
or mettle of old Cojnes. And for any thins omitted 
by the reft I will deUver the fumme of what thefe have 
of the feverall fpecies of thefe oU moneys, but the ftudy 
of individuals, I will leave to your owne reading and 
handling. 

A Shekel with its parts were the only fdver Coynes Hebrew- 
the Hebrewcs had of their owne : and therefore it is fome- ^ynes* 
times abfolutcly called Kefepb filver, as you may finde in 
Gen. ic. \6. and ij. \6. and 43. ii. and 1 Smm. i8. 11, ii. 
It was two-fold ; for there was a Shekel of the Sanduary, 
and another called the Kings Shekel^ or the Publilce or 
common Shekel. 

The Shekell of the Sanduary, weired exadly halfe sUrer. 
an ounce. It (hewed on the one fide (as fomc Antiqua- ^fgjj^jj^*** 
ries fay) the Veflell of Manna that was kept in the Arke, ^* 

with thefe words Shekel Jfratl^ that is the Shekel eflfrstl: 
and on the other fide. Aureus rod budded and blowne, 
with this infer iption lemfcMlaim Kedejpih^ that is, ifnr- 
falem the Holy. It was worth halfe a crowne of our 
money. 

The Kings Shekel was worth halfe a Shekell of the The Kings 
Sandhiary^fiftcene pence of our monev: and had the fame shekd. 
ftampe with the former. Of thefe AlchM%£r^ f^lslpMrndm^ 
Chckier^ and Wajferm have written, who tell us alfo of a 
brafle Shekel bearing the figures of a fprig of Balme-tree, 
and of a Palme tree : and ofanother of filvcr with a Tower 

rtJkouM t on 



114 ^f Antiquities. 

on it, and thefe words. King David znd his fonne Salomon. 
Item, they fay that in the time of lulms the fecond, and 
Lio the tenthl. Popes, two other Coynes were found with 
our Saviours Head upon them, & Hebrew words flgnify- 
ing, The anointed King is come in Peace. God was made 
man. And the Light of man was made Life. But thefe 
are manifeftly falfe, faith Savot^ and I thinke fo too; nay, 
I bdeeve with him that thofe fhimps alfo before men- 
tioned and all Hebrew Coynes that Antiquaries fhew us 
are fufjpicious, and that there remaineth not a true Shekel 
to be (eene any where, though BemediSus Arias Moutanus 
will needs perlwade us he had an Authentique one, in his 
poflefHon. For no ancient Hiflorian remembers what 
were the fhimps of any Hebrew Sbekel. And thofe old 
CharaAers of the fbreiaid Shekels (which they fay are old 
Samaritane letters) have no relation to any omer Charac- 
ters knowne to the learned in all the £a/temc tongues; 
and how then can thefe Antiquaries fo readily confider 
them? And yet certainely there were coyned Shekels^ 
though they cannot warrantably be defcribed. 

There was alfb the third and fourth part of a Shekel. 

Gherab^ Agorab^ and K^itah were all of one value, being 

the twentieth part of a Shekel^ and in our money three 

halfe pence. Kejhitah fignifietii a Lambe, becaufe it had 

a Lambe upon it. 

A ShA^ of A Shekel of gpld, called alfo fometimes Zahaky weighed 

Gold. equally with the common Shekel of filver, a quarter 

ludg. 8. 16. of ^^ ounce, and worth of our money feventeene fliillings 

and fixepence, at the rate of three pound ten fliillings an 

ounce : for the allay or intrinfic value of all old gold is 

equall to our Angel gold, or rather to our old Rofe-nobles 

(if not better) which are of 2j carats and three graines 

nnenefle. 

We reade alfo of Adarcon^ Ezra 8. 17. and of Drakmom^ 
Ezra a. (fo. and in other places. Both of them of equall 
value with the Shekel of gold aforefaid ; but queftion- 

IcfTe 



of Antiquities. x i y 

Icfle they were forraine, as their very names doc in- 
timate. For AJsrcom feemes to bee a peece of Dsrhs^ 
whoTe Coynes were called (as Flutmxb witneflcth in Htnd,m 
the life of Artmxerxis) DsriuSy becaufe they bare bis ^^z^- 
image o^' one fide (o'th' other an Archer) And Drakmsn 
mimt be an ^Egyptian Coyne. 

Now for the Summes of the Hebrewes. Their a Mm« of 
Mtna of Gold contained two hundred Antique drammes ^^^' 
that is 15 ounces, or, 50 (hekels after the weight of the 
Sanduary, or 100 gold (hekels, and therefore was worth 
in fterlin mony .87. 1. 10. s. 

The M'mM of filver was of 60 (acred (hekels, or of a Mima of 
two pound and halfe weight, and wcnlh feven pound ^'^V^* 

. /i_»ii* ^ s » KICK. 4T* '*• 

tcnne (hillings. 

A Talent of filver contained 3000 (hekels, or 115. L ATalemof 
weight, which is in fterlin mony after the rate off. s./#r ^^''- 
ounce, or 3. 1. fterl. for i. 1. Troy weight, 37^. 1. 

A Talent of gold after the rate of the Sanduary, and or Gold, 
as M^fes reckoneth it, was as much as the fUvcr in weight, ^^- 3«- »t- 
and therefore after the rate of 3. 1. lo. s. in the ounce 
Troy^ was worth in our mony f i^ro. 1. In this and other 
calculations of gold, I differ from Brertv)00d who efti- 
mateth old goU but at 3. L an ounce, but the touchftone 
doth (hew it better than fo, and Goldfmiths will give 
3. I. 10. s. for it. 

I am of opinion that after M^fes his time, when Kings 
bc^an to rcigne over Ifraell, and fo forward, they did 
cftimate a talent of filver after the rate of the vulnr 
Ihckell, and fo it was worth 187. 1. la s. fterl. And it 
is likely alfo that a Talent of gold was not worth much 
more tnan the Talent of gold in Grtt€f and otherwhere, 
which F^ttmx faith, was three peeces of gold, & fo it was 
worth 1. 1. II. s. 6. d. fterl. And wh^oever (hall well 
coofider ^s BrrmuMi/doth) that place in the, i Cbr0. ii. 
14. will nnd that, unlefle wee come to thefe laft rates, 
tbofc fummcs of gold and filver which DmviJ left for the 
I 1 building 



Greeke coynes. 



A Dramme. 



A Didnamtm 



A TridrMmme, 



A Stater. 



Obttm. 



oeHttboitii, 



DitMm. 



TriMm, 



J 16 Of Antiquities. 

building of the Temple, will exceed in all likelyhood his 
ability, and the worke it felfe, though all the wals (hould 
have beene made of Silver. And fo much for Hebrew 
Coynes and fummes. 

The Greeke follow. And becaufe when a Greeke 
Author mentions a dramme abfolutely, without naming 
any place or countrey with it, he meaneth the Attique, 
I will begin with it, and make it the foundation, and 
ground of all Greeke money. 

The Attique dramme had on it the figure of a burning 
Lampe (facred to Minerva) with the word 8/mixm^. It 
was the eighth part of an ounce, and worth 7. ^. ob. 
fterl. 

Didrachmitm^QAYLti. alfo Bos (becaufe it had the ftampe 
of a bull upon it) was firft coyned by Tbefnu in memory 
of the Mmrathon$Mm bull whidihe kUled. It is two drammes, 
and therefore ly. \ of our money. 

Tndrachmitm was a peece of three drammes, worth i. s. 
10. *. ob. fterl. 

Stater or Tetradrachmtm^ foure drammes, had on it 
the head oiMmerva^ (whence it was aUb called irapSivos 
and Kdpri) and on the reverfe an Owie, whence grew the 
Proverbc, Owles to Athens. 

The coynes under a dramme, or rather the parts there- 
of, were. 

OMm (becaufe itcarryed theforme of a fpit or obelifque 
fo called) was the fixth part of a dram, and of our mony, 
a penny farthing. 

SemioMniy halfe an oMuiy halfe penny farthing £ng- 
lifli. 

DioMue (or J^ohobm^ for fo alfo the reft of thefe oMs 
may terminate.) The forepart of it fliewed hipsters head, 
the reverfe an Owle. It was worth two pence halfe 
penny. 

TrhMmy with the face of lupiter on both fides, worth 
three pence. It was halfe a dramme. 

TetroMus 



of Antiquities. 117 

Tetvholmj Uplters head was on th' one fide^ and two TmrMm. 
Owlcs on the c^er, worth f • ' fterL 

Tbefe were the Attique C^oynes in Silver. 

The JRpfutMm dramme was worth 10 Attique obols, i>nuktm 
and of our mony 11. '. ob. And the obols thereof were ^"^^^ 
anfwerable. 

The CminibiMm Sister was worth one and twenty pence Si4^ i 
wanting a farthing. 

The MscedomiMm Stmtir was worth hard upon two Su»«r Af««b- 
(hillings nine pence halfe penny. i^* 

The SmrdiMm and FerfiMm Sigle was worth tenne pence. s^m&iMmm. 

The Cifiepb^rmy an Afsm coyne, fo called becaufe it 
reprefented a man bearing a pannier^ was worth neere 
upon fine pence. 

DMMMct^ Chmrmis fare, about one penny. 

Mrflum was an Attique brafle Coyne of an ounce */£mimm. 
weight worth two graines of Silver, and therefore of 
Phyfitians called CMcm. It was the fixt part of an eMm^ 
and worth kfle than a fitrthing. It was alfo called eMm 
aratm. 

Dictslatmy therefore was better than a farthine. 

MhuOtm or k€TriPi the feventh part of JBrmtUnm. acvt^. 

The Golden Attique Stater weighed two drammes, a Stmm of 
and therefore worth as much as the Golden Shekel. 17. <^<i- 
s. if . d. 

Semfister marem weighed one dramme, and was worth. 
8. s. 9. d. 

The Tetrafaterium was rather a weight or fum than a 
coyne (as Breremmd fuppofeth.) It was an ounce of gold 
and therefore worth. ;• L 10. s. 

The Maeedemm Stater weighed fomewhat more than 
the Attique, and therefore worth hard upon lo. s. 

The Doric and Cixjiem Staters were equall each of them 
with the Attique, or very little better. 

The Greeke fummes were a Mima and a Talent. cnckc inms. 

Mima containes 100 drtmmcs of the fame country, a Mm. 

of 



1 1 8 Of Antiquities. 

of which the Mina is, and is the fiftieth part of its 
Talent : fo that the Attique Mina was worthy j. 1. 2. s. 
(f • d* 
A Tdenu A Talent contained 6o Mimas of its owne country, or 

6ooo drammes. 

There were two Attique Talents, the greater and 
lefler. 

The lefler was of 6ooo drams, and therefore worth 
.187. 1. 10. s. 

In all Authors if a Talent be put abfolutely and with- 
out any other drcumftance, this lefler Attique is meant. 

The great Attique Talent as alfo the ^Egyptian con- 
tained 8000 Attique drammes, and was worth 1^0. 
pound fterlin. 

The Syrian Talent, lyoo Attique drammes,^ 
. 4^. 1. 17. s. 6. d. 

The Euboique Talent, 4000 Attique drammes, 
1%^. 1. o. s. a d. 

The Rhodian Talent, 45:00 Attique drammes, 
140. 1. II. s. 6. d. 

The Babylonian Talent, 7000 Attiquedrammes, f fterl. 
2i8. 1. ly. s. o. d. 

The iEginaean Talent, loooo Attique drammes, 
J 1 1. 1. lo. s. o. d. 

The Alexandrian Taknt, laooo Attique drams, 
;7y. L o. s. o. d. which was alfo the value of the 
Mofaijue Talent. ^ 

There were alfo in fome countreys very fmall fummes 
which they called Talents, but improperly : for 

The Sicilian Talent of old was woith about 3. s, p. d, 
and The Neapolitan as much. Item, the later Sicilian 
and Syracufan Talent was worth, i. s. lo. d. ob. And the 
Talentum Rhepnumy 3. d. oh. q. as Fottnx and Suidas fay. 

Laflrly, they tell us alfo that there was a Talent, called, 
not plainly a Talent (for then the Silver one was meant) 
but a Talent of Gold, which (as I faid before) contained 

three 



of Antiquities. 119 

three Staters of gold, i« I. ii. s. 6. d. fterl. So that wee 
mitft diftinguifli betweene a Silver Talent in Gold, and 
a Talent dF Gold, as we may plainly fee in Fldutui in 
TrucMlemto. Hem t$U talemtum argemti } PMiffiatm efty 
feme Mi. Heere hee meaneth a filver Attique talent of 
the lefler fort in PJUBfftdm gold Staters. 

I come laftly to the Romane Coynes, and begin with Ronune 
Braflc ones. ^^°"- 

jiSy Itff/iMfy bad firft the ftampe of a Sheepe on the ji*. 
one fide, and an Oxe on th'other, whence it was called 
feamU. Fliny faith, that in the firft Funk warre it was 
reduced to the weight of two ounces (having beene be- 
fore of a pound weight), and fuch a one I have in my 
owne poflcflfion. Afterwards it was brought to an ounce, 
and laft of all to halfe an ounce, where it refted, till the 
Emperours came in, who (hrunke them to a quarter of an 
ounce. It was worth a halfie pennv farthing. And it is 
difccmed by this fimre i. With the head or prowe of a 
Ship on the traverie ; and hmms Ujrmts on the forepart ^ 
for fo they were ftamped in later times, the former ftampe 
of cattle being growne out of date. There was aUb a 
peece of filver of the fame value with Affis^ and called 
liMa. 

Sewnffis or StmitllMj qumfi fim^ffisy and tem^MMj StmUU 
was diftinguiflied bv the letter S. with Rmmtuif his head 
on the forepart, and the forepart of a Gaily on the other 
fide with the word JUma underneath, r^nv fayes there 
were (omcjhmtett^f of later times Coyned of hlver. it 
was better than a farthing of our money. 

TWnr/, the third part of an ^Sy a furthing worth. Trwu. 

Ssfdrsmsy the fourth part of ^Sy lefle than a farthing, j^midnms. 
of old called trhmck and Tenmams becaufe it comprehended 
three ounces. And beauife it bad the figure or a Lighter 
or Boats head upon it; which in Latine is called rsiesy 
it was called Rsiitws. 

SextMMSy the fixth part oS^Sy halfe a farthing. Smms. 

Fmda 



I20 Of jlntiquities. 

Vneia. VnctM the 11^ part of affisj and Semtmcia halfe fo much. 

SextitU, Sextula the iixth part c^ an cxince. 

All thefe forenamed pe^s were lefle than affis. Above 

it^ were 
Dufmdms. Dupondtuty fo Called becaufe ajjis was unum pondo 

and duptmdius was two, and marked therefore with 

sarer Coynes. Varro telleth US of DecuJpSy ViceJpSy Triceffis and 
Centiffis. It may bee fome of thefe brafle pecces 
afbrefaid had their equals in filver of the fame name. 
But thofe that were properly filver, were thefe follow- 
ing. 

Dm4niu. Denarius^ fo called, becaufe it was worth tenne affes^ 

and in the twelve firft Emperours time it weighed 
exadly an Attique dramme, and was worth of our 
money feven pence halfe penny. The Canfular peeces 
have ufually Bmnes head on the one fide with the word 
Komay and tne number X, being the marke of a Denariits : 
and on the reverfe UgM or ^uadrigM^ whence alfo it was 
called ^gatus and auadrigaiuSy and underneath was the 
name of the Conmll in ixdiofe time it was Coyned. 
Thefe confulars were fomewhat heavier than the fore- 
faid Imperials ; but the later Imperials doe wondroufly 
degenerate from both, in weight and finenefie of allay, 
and in workemanfliip alfo. The Imperials (hewed on 
the forepart the Emperours Head with his Infcription, 
and on the reverfe fome Altar, Triumphall Arch-temple, 
or fome other memoriall as bed pleafed him. 

Smnsrius. ^ijunoriuSy a halfe deuariwsy three pence three farthings, 

was alfo called yiSmatui^ becaufe it had ufually the figure 
of vi<aorv on it. Its marke was V, 

Stfiwfthu. Sefterttuiy fo called becaufe it was worth halfe a fir/- 

Moriuiy or duos ajfes cum dinudio^ quafi fefymtertiuiy the 
fourth part of a denarimy two pence wanting halfe a 
farthing, and was marked thus HS. By this covne the 
Romans ufed moftly to make up and reckon tneir ac- 
counts, 



of Antiquities. 121 

counts, and therefore it is exprcfled in nunv places of 

good Authors by the word N&mrnm abfoluteiy. It had 

anciently the figures of CMfttr and Pollux on it. But PBi^ in, 34. af. 4. 

teachcth us that the Sefiertsm was alfo of braflfe, and that 

of the beft, which they called MarctM^ and our vulgar 

Antiquaries fuppoTe to be CorintbidMy and weighed about 

an ounce. 

Otolus (faith Celfas) was equall to the Atticke ohl^ Gold, 
being the fixt part of a dewMrmsy and therefore a penny 
fSuthing Englflh. 

The Aureus varied as the densrius did. For the firft jimmu, 
Imperiak weigh about two drammes, double the weight 
of a demsariusy and worth 17. s. 6. d. of our monev. ih^ 
Confulars are two or three (hillings better. Tte later 
peeces which began in AUxmuder Sevtrus his time were Snmgit. 
reduced to halfe an muMus^ and then to a third, and 
therefore called Seuuffis uuniy and TrtuuJJis muni or Triens : Tnmfu, 
the Seuuffis weighing a dram worth eight (hillings nine 
penc^ the Trtmffis five (hillings ten pence. Whereupon 
the old ImperiaJls, and Confulars were called Solsdi. 
There was alfo a Scruple of gold worth about two &nyywi. 
(hillings three pence. 

After the Empire was tranflated to Con(famtinople, 
other coynes with other names were minted, as ; 

Jlf#/r407};i0iv,we]ghingtwodrammes,andworth i.s.3.d. MUUrifmm. 

Cfruthm or SUtqua^ of the weight of a dramme, worth, cimmm, 
7. ob. 

F$Uk a brafle coyne, fo called becaufe it was thinne like Fdb. 
a leafe, worth neere upon a halfe penny. 

The Romane fummes were. Romane rumi. 

Sefiertiumy It comprehended one thoufand fijtntits^ Affmun. 
that is feven pound iizteene (hillings three pence. And 
heere I will give a note, concerning the Romane (afliion 
of accounting bffifttrties. For decern ftfiertu are tenne 
feftertsesy decern jejtertiim are ten thoufand /«/^#r/, dedes 
fejtertiim are loooooo fe/hrtiet. 



122 Of Antiquities. 

LOmfm Pmd§. Ubra OX Vcmdo^ contained 12 ounces of (ilver, that is 
pd denaru of the firft Emperours, and was worth of fterlin 
monev three pounds. 

T^entum. Tolentum^ 24 fefiertiay that is x^ooo fifiertijj or 6000 

of the fbrcfaid dmarij: the fame with the Attique, and 
therefore worth 187. 1. lo. s. For the Romanes borrowed 
their Talents^ Mmds^ and drammes of the Grecians, 
and thefe their pound and ounce of the Romanes, as Galm 
confefleth. 

Sf9nuiA, Sfortuia was a fmall fumme of money containing 100 

quadroMtesy or 10 fefterttji which ^reat men gave to each 
of their followers and (ervants in liew of a plentiful! 
fupper upon fome occafion or other. It was worth of our 
money nineteene pence wanting a farthing, just a cardecu, 
or French quarter-crowne. 

Thus much of the fpecies or kinds of Hebrew, Greeke, 
and Latine Coynes, and their fummes. I will now give 
you a few examples of the benefit and ufe of them. 

Gen. 13. ly. Abraham bought the Field, Cave, and Trees of Mach^ 
peiab for 400 Shekels, that is for 5:0 L fterl. 

Exod. 97. 23. Mofes made the golden CandleiUcke with his feven 

H* Lamps, Snu£fers, and Snuffe-diihes of a Talent of pure 

Gold, that is five thoufand two hundred fiftie pounds 
fterUn. 

2 Sam. 14. 26. Atfolams haire whkh he yeerdy polled, weighed 200 
Shekels after the Kings weight; that is^ foart, pounds two 
ounces Troy-weight. 

Mach. 26. 1 J. For thirtie peeces of filver ludM betrayed his Mafter, 
the Saviour of the world; that is, for three pounds fifteene 
(hillings of our money. For I faid before that by a peece 
of filver the lewes meane a Shekel, and therefore EufeUus 
rendcrsthisplaceofJlf4f//i&fa(;,verywell,rpMiicoin-aoTaT^/)a9, 
inftead of rpiiLKovra iLpyipun. 

Tint, in p$m. The Revenue of the Romanes was by Mithridates his 
overthrow increafed Syoo mjriades. Obferve that the 
Greekes when they number without naming the fpecies 

of 



of Antiquities. 123 

of roonejr, tbey meane drammes ; for thev reckon by 
drammes as the Romanes by fefterties. So then 8500 
myriads of drammes (a myriad is loooo) are 2(^56048. L 
of Englilh money : Whereas their Revenue before that 
time was but 5:000 myriades, that is, \%6i^^^ 1. fterl. So 
that now their intire revenue was yeerely, 4x18747. 1. 
fter. 

The pearle which Clepp^tra diflblved in vineger, and t/m. /. 9 r. 14- 
drank off* at a draught was eftimated cemties Sefiertlimy in 
figures to be exprefled thus, looooooo Sefterties, that 
is 78125. 1. fterlm. 

Thus may you reduce all other fummcs in any old 
Author to what fpodes or kind of monev you pleaie. 

And by this time you may perceive tnat wi&out this 
moocy-learning, you muft tie forced to baike the moft 
materiall paf&ges of andent Hiftor|r. For what is there 
in the affiiires andoocurrenoes of this world^ that can bee 
thought more materiall or woithier our paiue and oonfi- 
deration, than money, the price of all tilings, and the 
chicfe commander in warres oi* peace? 

Finally tliere is alfo much learned pleafure and delight 
in the contemplation of the feverall figures damped on 
each fide of thefe Antique Covnes. I will let paiOe the 
content a man has to fM, and handle the very fame indi- 
viduall thinffs which were in ufe fo many ages agoe: for 
bookes and hiftories and the like are but oopyes of Anti- 
quity bee they never fo truely defcended unto us : but 
ooynes are the very Antiquities themfdves. But would 
you fee t patteme of the M0gfu or fimefmU pile burnt at 
the canooisatkm of the Romane Emperors? would you 
fee bow tiie Amgfors Hat, and IMmu were made? Would 
you fee the true and undoubted moddbof tlieir Temples, 
Alters, Deities, Cdumnes, Gates, Arches, Aquasduds, 
Bridges, Sacrifices, Vefleb, Sell^i Ctnmles^ Enfignes and 
Standards, Navall and murall Crownes, Amphytheaters, 
Circi, Bathes, Chariots, Trophies, Andlia, and a thou- 

fand 



1 24 of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 

fand things more; Repare to the old coynes^and you (hall 
find them, and all things elfe that ever they did, made, or 
ufed, there fhall you fee them exceUently and lively re- 
prefented. Befides, it is no fmall fatisfadrion to an inge- 
nuous eye tocx>ntemplate the faces and heads, and in them 
the Charaders of all thefe fiunous Emperours, Captaines 
and illuftrious men whofe adtions will bee ever admired, 
both for themfelves, and the learning of the pennes that 
writ them. 

Chap. XIIL 

Of Drawings Limning^ and Painting: with 

the lives of the famous Italian 

Painters. 

Since AfifiotU numbreth GrapUci^ generally taken, 
for whatsoever is done with the Pen or Pendll (as 
writing faire. Drawing, Limning and Painting) a- 
mongft thofe his vaidctz/Aora, or generous Pradtices of 
youth in a well governed Common-wealth : I am bound 
alfo to give it you in charge for your exerdfe at leafure, 
it being a quality moft commendable, and fo many wayes 
ufefiill to a Gentleman. For (hould you (if neceility re- 
quired) be employed for your Countries fervice in fol- 
lowing the warre, you can defcribe no plot, manner of 
fortification, forme of BattaUia^ fituation of Towne, 
CaiUe, Fort, Haven, Hand, courfe of River, paflage 
thorow Wood, Marifh^ over Rocke, Mountaine, &c. 
(which a difcreet Generall doth not alwayes commit 
to the eye of another) without the helpe of the fame. 
The manifold In all Mathematicall Demonftrations, nothing is more 
ufe of painting required in ourtravaile in forraine Regions. It bringeth 
or Limning, ^ome with vs from the fartheft part of the world in our 
bofomes, whatfoever is rare and worthy the obfervance, 
as the generall Mappe of the Country, the Rivers, 

Harbours, 



of Drawings Limning^ and Painting, lis 

Htrbourty Havens, Promontories, &c« within the 
Landfcap, of Aire rlils, fruitfull Valleycs : the formes 
and colours of all Fruits, fevcrall beauties of their 
Flowers: of medicinaUe Simples never before feene or 
heard of: the orient Colours, and lively Pidhires of 
their Birds, the fhape of their Beafts, Fiflies, Wormes, 
Flyes, &C. It preients our eyes with the Complexion, 
Manner, and their Attyre. It fhewes us the Rites of 
their Religion, their Houfes, their Weapons, and man- 
ner of Warre. Befide, it prcferveth the memory of a 
deareft Friend, or faireft Miftrefle. And fince it is 
oncly the imitation of the furfacc of Nature, bv it as in 
a buoke of golden and rare-limmed Letters, the chiefe 
end uf it, wee readc a continuall Ledhire <» the Wife- 
dome of the Almightie Creator, by beholding even in lob. 39. 13. 
the feather uf the Feacpeke a * Mirack, as Arlt^iU ^nfav/ia- 
faith. ^-'- 

And that you fhould not efteeme bafely of the pradife 
thereof, let me tell you, that in ancient times. Painting 
was admitted into the ftrll place among the liberall Arts^ 
and throughout all Greece taught onely to the children of 
Noble men in the Schooles, and altogether forbidden to 
be taught to fcrvants or (laves. 

In no lefle honour and efteeme was it held among the 
Romanes, as we finde in Flimj and manv others who 
every where advance the Profeflbrs ; and tne dignitie of 
the pradtife thereof nothing bafc or fervile, (ince one of 
the moft Noble Families in Reme^ the Fm^v thotuht 
themfclves much honoured by the addition of that air- 
name FiSer. For the firft of that name, although he was 
moft honourably defcendcd, honoured with many Titles^ 
Confulfliips and Triumpiies, excellently learned in 
the lawes, and befide accounted in the number of the 
Orators of his time ; yet he thought his skill in painting 
added to thefe Honours, and his memory would heare the 
better of pofteritie, for that he was endued with fo excel- 
lent 



126 of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 

lent a qualitie : for after with his owne haad he had pain- 
ted the Temple ofSalui round about within, and finiihed 
his worke, he wrote in faire letters in an eminent place, 
^mntui Faiius pmxi. 

I^feither was it the exerdfe of Nobility among the 
ancients onelv, but of late daves and in our times we fee 
It pra£tifed uf the greateit Princes of EMrope^ without 
prejudice to their Honours. Frauds the fiiit. King of 
FroMcCy was very excellent with his pencill ; and the ver- 
tuous Market Queene ofNavarre^ beiide her excellent 
veine in Poeiie, could draw and limne excellently: the like 
hmuixjm, is reported of Emamael Duke of Savoy. 

Nor can I overpafle tiie ingenuity and excellency of 
nuny Nobles and Gentlemen of our owne nation herein, 
of whom I know many : but none in my opinion, who 
deferveth more refpeA and admiration for his skDl and 
pradtice herein than Mafter Nafbaniel Bacon of Broome 
in Suffolke (younger fonne to the moft Honourable and 
bountifuU minded Sir Nkholas Baam^ Knight, and eldeft 
Barronet,) not inferiour in my judgement to our skilful- 
left Mafters. But certainely I know not what favoura- 
ble afpeA of Heaven that right noble and ancient family 
hath which produceth like delicate fruits from one Stem 
fo man^ excellent in feverall qualities, that no one name 
or family in England can fay the like. 

Paintmg is a quality I love (I confefle) and admire in 
others, beoiufe ever naturally nrom a child, I have beene 
addided to the pradice hereof: yet when I was young 
1 have beene cruelly beaten by ill and ignorant Schoole- 
mafters, when I have beene taking, in white and blacke, 
the countenance of fome one or other (which I could doe 
at thirteene and foureteene yeeres of age: befide the 
Mappe of any Towne according to Geometricall propor- 
tion, as I did of Camiridge when 1 was ofTrimty CoUedgOy 
and a lunior Sophifter,) yet could they never beate it out 
of me. I remember one Mafter I had (and yet living 

not 



Of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 127 

not farre from S. AUmtes) tocke me one time draw- 
ing out with my pennc that peare-tree and boyes throw- 
ing at it, at the end of the Latine Grammar : which hee 
perceiving in a rage ftrooke me with the great end of the 
rodde, and rent my V^V^^% fwearing it was the onely way 
to teach me to robbe Orchards ; befide, that I was placed 
with him to be made a Scholler and not a Painter, which 
1 was very likely to doe ; when I well remember he con- 
ftrued unto me the beginning of the firft Ode in HarMcty 
EJitt^ fct ye forth, MmceuMy the fports, MtMvk RtgjUm^ 
otoax ancient Kings : but leaving my ingenious Mafter, 
to our purpole. 

For your firft beginning and entrance in draught, 
make your hand as ready as you can (without the helpe 
of your compafles) in thofe gencrall figures of the Circle, 
ovall, fquare, triangle, cylinder, &c for thefe are the 
foundation of all other proportions. As for example, 
your ovall direds you in giving a juft proportion to the 
face. Your Square or Cube for all manner of ground 
plots, formes dl fortification ; wherein you have no ufe 
of the Qrde at all. Your Circle againe diredb you in 
all orbicular formes whatfoever, and fo forth of the reft. 

Having made your hand fit and ready in generall pro- 
portion, karne to give all bodies their true (haddowes 
according to their eminence and concavity, and to heiffh- 
then or wepen, as your body appearcth neerer or farther 
from the light ; which is a matter of great judgement, 
and indeed the foule (as I may fay) of a pidure. 

Then learne all manner of Drapery, that is, to give 
garments, and all manner of ftufles^ ckith, filke, and 
linnen their naturall and proper folds; which at the firft 
will feeme ftrange and difficult unto you, but b^ imitat- 
ing the choifcft prints and peeces of the moft judicious 
Nkflers, with your owne obfcrvance you will very eafily 
attainc the skill. But fince I have already publifhed a 
boukc ot* DravfiMg and Ummhg^ wherein I have difcovercd 

what- 



^^iiert Ditnr. 



Hut. Goltthu, 



t/Lichdei Jlngtl; 



Hans Hoihen. 

* He painced 
che Chappdl 
ac whice-Hall, 
and S. Umef, 

LAXArm rifing 
from che dead, 
&c. were his. 



128 CfDramng^ Limning, and Painting. 

whatfoever I have thought necdO&ry to perfedlion herein : 
I will referre you for farther inflrudion to it, and onely 
here give you the principall Authors for your Imitation. 

Since, as I faicL proportion is the principall and chiefe 
thing you are firft to leame, I commend unto you that 
Prince of Painters and Graund-mafter Attert Durery who 
beiide that his peeces for proportion and draperv are the 
beft that are, hee hath written a very learned oooke of 
Symmetrv and proportions, which hath beene (ince 
tranflated out of high Dutch into Latine. And though 
his peeces have beene long iince wome out of prefle, yet 
you may happen upon them among our skiliull painters ; 
which if you can get reafonably, keepe them as jewels, 
fince I beleeve you (hall never fee their like: they 
feeme old, and commonly are marked with a great D 
in an A. 

For a bold touch, variety of pofture, curious and true 
(haddow, imitate Goltziuiy his prints are commonly to 
be had in Popes-head-alley. Himfelfe was living at my 
laft being in the Low Countries tt Harlen: but by reafon 
of the loflfe of one of his eyes,he hath given over etchinge * 
in copper, and altogether exerdfeth his pencill in oyle. 

The peeces of Michael Angela are rare and very hard 
to be come by. Himfelfe lived in Rame^ and was while 
hee lived efteemed the beft Painter in Europe^ as verily it 
feemeth by that his &mous peece of the Uft judgement ^ in 
the Popes Chappell, being accounted one of the beft in 
the world. 

Hans Molten was likewife an excellent Mafter, he lived 
in the time of King Henry the eight, and was emploied 
by him againft the comming of the Emperour Charles 
the y. into EngfandK I have feene many peeces of his in 
oyle, and one of his owne draught with a penne, a moft 
curious chimney-peece K. Henry had befpoke for his new 
built pallace at Bridewell. 

Of 

' etchinge] a Hinge 1^24, t66i. 



of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 1 29 

Of latter times and in our age the workes of Sbadam^ hm. ShiuUm, 
Wierix^ and my honeft loving friend Critfim Jt Fas of '*^*^- 
Vtrecht are of moft price^ thefe cut to the life, a thing ^'*»» ^ M^^ 
pradlifed but of late yearcs : their pieces will beft inftru A 
you in the countenance, for the naturall fhadowes there- 
of, the caft and forme of the eye, the touch of the mouth, 
the true fall, turning and curling of the haire, for ruflfibi. 
Armor, &c 

When you are fomewhat ready in your draught (for 
which you muil provide pens made of Ravens quils, Uaclce 
lead, dry pencils made of what colour you pleafe by 
grinding it with ftrong wort, and then rowling it up 
penciU-wife, and fo let it dnr; get my booke, entituled 
the Gentlemsms Extrdft^ whicn will teach you the ufe and 
ordering of all manner of colours for Limning, as how to 
make any one colour what you pleafe by the compofition 
of many, as a Scarlet^ Carnation. Flame-colour, all man- 
ner of Greenes for Leaves or Banckes, Purples for the 
breake of the morning, the Viole^ the Hyacinth, &c. all 
manner of changeable colours in garments of Silke, 
brownes and Uackcs for haire cokxus, the colours of 
barkes of Trees, the Sea, Fountaines, Rockes^ Fkfli- 
cokxirs or Carnations for the face and complexion with 
the manner of preparing your card, in briefe whatfoever 
is needful to be known or a pra&itioner. Now having 
your colours in their fhels finely ground and waihed, and 
variety of pencils great and fmall^ begin firft to wafh over 
fome plaine printes, then after to imitate to the lift (ac- 
cording unto my diredions in that booke :) wherein by 
degrees you will take incredible delight, & fiimifh your 
conccipts & devices of Emtlems^ Anmgrmms^ and the like 
with bodies at vour picafure, without being beholden to 
fome deare and nice proftfled Artifl. 

Painting in Oyle is donel conftfle with greater judge- of miming 
ment, and is generally of more eftecme then working in '"^ ^*^' 
water o>!ours; but then it is more Mcchanique and will 

r»ciui« K robbe 



l$o OfDratPtng, Limning^ and Painting. 

robbe joa of oyer much time from your more excellent 
ftudies, it being fometime a Itetnig^t or a moneth ere vou 
can finilh an ordinary pecce. I have knowne Mkhsel 
l^fdi Delf in Hottamd^ the moft excellent Painter of all 
the Low-OxmtrieSy to have beene (at times), a whole 
halfe yeere about a piAure, yet in the end to have blurred 
it out (as it is his manner) for fome fmall difrefemblance, 
either in the eye or mouth; fo curious is the workeman- 
fliip to doe it well : befide, oyle nor oyle^-cdours, if thev 
drop upon apparell, wil not out; wlien water-cokxurs will 
with the leaft waihing. But left you fhould thinke mee 
ignorant or envious, I will not conceale from you the 
manner of working herein^ and though it may be you 
(hall not pradife i^ it may profit others, 
of prepari^ Fifft, for your table whereupon to draw your pidure, 
your taWefor plane it very even, and with Size (made of glue fodden 

anoylepiaurc. J^^ j^ ^j^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^j^^ ^ ^^.^ diflblvcd) min- 

gled and heat with Spanifli white finely ground, white it 
over ; then let it dry, then white it over againe, and fo 
the third time, then being dry, fcrape it very even with a 
(harpe knife till it be fmooth, then prime it with red lead 
or fome other colour, which being dry, draw your pidhire 
out upon it with a peece of chalke, pencill of coale ; laftly, 
with Uacke lead ; fo lay on your colours. 

Grind all your colours in Linfeede oyle, fave when 
you grinde your white for rufies and linnen; then ufe the 

•The fitter for Oyle of Waluuts, for * Linfeede oyle will turne yellowifh. 

Rufi^^*'^ Having all your colours ready ground, with your pallet 

on the thumbe of your left hand, and pencils for every 
colour, in tiie fame lay your colours upon your pallet 
thus : firft, your white Lead, then Lake, Ivorie blacke, 
Sea-coale blacke (as you fee the complexion), Lampe 
blacke, umber for the haire, red Lead^ yellow Oaker, 
Verdigreace; then your Blewes, Mafticot and Pinke, the 
reft at your pleafure, mixing them on the other fide of 
the pallet at your pleafure. 

To 



of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 131 

To b^in a Pidhirc, fiift draw the Eyc^the white there- 
of make of white Lead with a little Charcoale blade } 
having fiaiihed it, leave from the other Eye the diftance 
of an Eye, then draw the proportion of the Nofe, the 
compafTe of the Face, after that make the Mouth, the 
Eare, the Haire, Sec. 

After you have made the white of the Ejres, and i»x>- 
portion of the Nofe, &c. lay your Carnation or Flefli 
cok)ur over the Face, cafting in here and there fome 
fliadowes which worke in with the flefh colour by degrees. 
Your fltfli-cdour is commonly compounded of white 
lead, lake, and vermilion, but you may heighthen or 
deepen it at vour pleafure. 

Then (hadow the face all over as you fee caufe, and 
finiih the Nofe, compafling the tip of it with fome darke 
or lieht reddUh (ha(k>w. 

The (haddowesfor your face are compounded commonly 
of Ivory blacke, white Lead, Vermilion, Lake, Sea-coale 
blacke, &c. 

Then fliaddow vour cheekes and lips (with the mouth. 
ftroke, which make of Lake only) with Vermilion and 
Lake as you lift mixed together. 

Now make the Circles of the Eyes. For the eray Eye, 
take Charcoale blacke and white Lead heighthened or 
deepened at your rieafure. 

For the blacke Cirde of the Eye, take Vmber, Seacole- 
blacke, and a little white, and mixe them as you thinke 
it fit. 

For the round Ball in the Eye take Lampe-blacke and 
Verdigreace, for Lampe-blacke will hardly dry with, 
out it 

For the hands and the (haddowes betweene the fingers 
ufe the fame flcOi-colours and (haddowes as in the Face, 
for the heighthcning or deepening. 

If you would mue a flcOi-coIour of a fwarthy com- 
plexion, mingle white Lead, Lake, and yellow Oker 

K 1 together 



132 of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 

together, and in the fliaddowes, put in fome Vmber and 
Sea-coale blacke. 

For tlackf baire^ take Lampe-blacke onel^, and when 
you will have it brighter, mixe it with a httle Vmber, 
white, and red Lead. 

For flaxen haire^ take Vmber, and white Lead ; the 
browner you will have it, put in the more Vmber, the 
whiter more white ^ but if darker, yet adde to a little 
Seacoale-blacke. 

Fox yellow hiore^ take Mafticote, Vmber, yellow Oker, 
and a little red Lead ; if you wiU have it redder, put in 
the more red Lead and Vmber. 

For a white hairty take halfe Ivory blacke, and halfe of 
Vmber, and with your knife temper them well upon your 
pallet wift white Lead, with more white or Vmber, or 
Ivory, raifmg or deepening it at your pleafure. 

For the teeft, take white Lead, and fliaddow it with 
Char-coale blacke. 

For BjtffeSy LawneSj Lhmen. 

For Linnen take white Lead mingled with Char-coale 
blacke, fo making it whiter or darker at your pleafure ; 
for your fine Lawnes, put a little oyle fmalt in amongft it, 
and with a fine little bagge of Tafiata ftuflFed with wooll 
or the like, take up the colour and prefle it hard downe 
where you would have it. 

For Velvets of all colours. 

For tlacke^velvety take Lampe-blacke and Verdigreace 
for your firft ground; but when it is dry, lay it over 
with Ivory blacke and Verdigreace, (to helpe it to dry) 
and for the fhaddow ufe white Lead, with a little Lampe- 
blacke. 

For Greene Velvety take Lampe-blacke, and white Lead, 
and worke it over like a Ruflct Velvet; then being dry, 

draw 



of Drawings Limning^ and Painting. 133 

draw it onely over with Verdigreace, and a little Pinkc, 
and it will be a perfedl Greene Velvet. 

For a SiM-^Mter Gnene Velvety lay on the fbrefaid 
mingled Ruflet Verdigreace onely ^ if you will have it 
more graflie, put to more Pinke. 

For a Yeltowifli Greene, put a little Mafticot among 
your Verdigreace at your pfeafure: but note this, all your 
lliaddowing muft be in the Ruflet, and thefe Greenes 
onely drawne lightly over. 

For Rid Vilvtt^ take Vermillion, and fliaddow it with 
Br^vMt ofSfMtme'y and where you will have it darkeft, take 
Sea-coale blacke mingled with Sfmm\/b Br^vmty and fliad- 
dow where you will, letting it dnr : then glaze it over 
with Lake, and it will be a perfeA Red Velvet. 

For a Critrfom or CmitMtlwm Vtlvtty put the more orlefle 
white Lead to the Verndlion, as you fliall fee caufe. 

For Bleni} Velvety take Oyle Smalt, and temper it with 
white Lead ; the brighter you will have it, put in the 
more white ; the fadder, the more Smalt 

For T€tt9w Velvety take Mafticot and yellow Oker, and 
deepen it for the fliaddow with Vmber. 

For Tmmy Velvety take Browne of &aine, white Lead, 
and Lampe blacke, mixed with a little Verdigreace to flia- 
dow it, where you fee occafion ; and when it is dry, glaze 
it over with a little Lake, and red Velvet added unto it. 

For Fwrfle Velvety Uke Oyle Smalt, and temper it with 
Lake, halfc Lake, halfe Smalt ; then take white Lead 
and order it as bright or as fad as tou lift. 

For jf/b-^leMred Velvet j take Cnar-coale blacke. and 
white Lead, and make a perfedl Ruflet of the lame, 
deepening it with the black, or heighthening it with your 
white at your pleafure. 

For Hmre-celeured Velvety n-inde Vmber by it felfe 
with Oyle, and lay it on your pKhire,and heighthen with 
white Lead and the fame Vmber. 

Fer 



134 ^f Drawings Limning, 

F^ SMens h$ Oyle Colours. 

For Blacke SMttemygimdt Lampe blacke with O vie, then 
mixc it with fome white Lead ^ where you will have it 
fliine moft, mingle fome Lake with your white Lead. 

For Wbiti SMtten^ take white Lead ground with Oyle, 
then erinde Ivory blacke bv it felfe, and where you will 
have It fad, adde more of the blacke. 

For Greene S^tem^ take Verdigreace and grinde it by 
it felfe, then mixe fome white Lead with it ; and where 
you wiU have it bright, adde fome Pinke : if more in- 
clining to a Popingjay, adde more Pinke to your white 
Lead : and to deepen it more, adde more Verdigreace. 

For TeUew Satten^ grinde Mafticot by it felfe, yellow 
Oker by it felfc, and Vmber by it felfe; where you will 
have it lighteft, let the Mafticot ferve ; where a light 
fludow. Let the Oker ferve ; where the darkcft or fad- 
deft, Vmber onely. 

For Blew SMeuy take Oyle, Smalt, and white Lead, 
ground by themfelves ; white Lead for the heighthening 
and Smalt for your deepening, or darkeft fhacMow. 

For Furfle SatteUy mixe Oyle, Smalt, with Lake, and 
white Lead : heighthening with white Lead. 

For Orenge Tmmy Sstten^ take red Lead and Lake ; 
where you will have it brighteft take red Lead by it 
felfe, and where made fad, Lake. 

For Ited SiOteny grinde Browne of Spaine by it felfc, 
mingling Vermilion with the fame ; where you would 
have it Ught, put in a little white Lead. 

For Hmre eoUmred Satteuj take Vmber and white Lead; 
heighthen with your white Lead, and for the darke fhad- 
dow of the cuts, adde to your Vmber a little Sea-coale 
blacke. 

For Ti^ata's. 

Make your Tafiata's all one as you doe your Sattens, 
but you muft obferve the fliaddowing of Ta^ta*s ; for 

they 



atid Painting in Oyle. 1 3 f 

they fall more fine with the folds, and are thicker by 
much. 

For changeable Taftata's, take fundry colours, what 
you pleafe, and lay them upon your garment or pidure 
one br another ; firft cafting out tte folds, then with 
your Pencill driving and working them finely one into 
another. 

^•r Cl9tb. 

Cloth likewife is as your Sattens, but that you muft 
not give fo fhining and fudden a glofle unto it. 

As Buffe, take yellow Oker, and fome white Lead 
mixed with it : and where you will have it darker by 
degrees^ mixe Vmber with it, and when you have 
wrouRht it oftTj take a broad Pencill and frieze it over 
with Vmber and a little Sea-coale blacke. 

For yellow Leather, take Mafticot and yellow Oker, 
fhaddow it with Vmber at vour nkafure. 

For blacke Leather tot mooes, Lampe blacke, 
(hadowed with white Lead. 

For white Leather, white Lead, fhaddowed with 
Ivory blacke. 

To fxfrejfe GM mtd Stiver. 

To exprcfle Gold upon Armour, or the hilt of a Sword 
or Rapier, take Vmber, Red Lead, and Mafttoot ; lay 
vour 0ound onely Red Lead, if you picafe mixed with a 
little Pinke, and where vou will have the Ihaddow darke, 
ufe Vmber; where the light. Mafticot 

For Silver^ take Charcoale, blacke and white Lead : 
where you will have it darke, ufe more Charcoale, and 
for the light, sive it a bold and fudden ftroke with your 
white. And &US you make your Peark. Note, that you 

muft 



1 3 ^ ^f ^Tawing^ Limning^ 

muft grinde jrour Sea-coale and Char-coale (of a Sallow 
if vou can get it) in faire water firft,and when it is dry^ 
gnnde it in Oyle. 

Vw Site and Landfcsps. 

For a Sky or Landfcaps, that feeme a great way off, take 
Oyle Smalt, or Bice if you will, and with Linfeed Oyle 
onely temper it on your pallet (for in grinding Smalt, or 
Bice, thev utterly tofc their colour^ with white Lead, and 
where it looketh red as the mommg, ufe Lake, &c. 

Of Wood colours^ Barhs of TrtoSy &e. 

Your Wood colours are compounded either of Vmbcr 
and white, Char-coale and white, Sea-coale and white, 
Vmber blacke and white, or with fome greene added. 
Sometime adde a little Lake or Vermilion. 

Ofjimdry Greenes in Oyle. 

For a deepe and fad Greene^ as in the in-moft leaves 
of trees, mingle Indico and Pinke. 

For a light Greene, Pinke and Maflicot : for a middle 
and Grade greene, Verdigreace and Pinke. 

Remember ever to lay on jour Yelfowes, Blewes, 
Reds, and Greenes, upon a white ground, which giveth 
them their life. 

To make cleane your Pencils, rub Soape hard into 
them^ and lay them by a while, after wafli them in 
warme water. 

To make cleane your grinding Stone and MuUar, rub 
it over with crums of bread- 
To keepe your Colours from drying in the heate of 
Summer, fet them in the bottome of a Bafon of 
water. 

If you would get farther experience, acquaint your 

felfe 



and Painting in Oyle. 137 

rdfe with fome of our excellent Mafters about iMdwy 
where there are many, paffing judicious and skilftill. 

The onely and moft efteemed Peece in the world for 
Judgement and Art, is the battaile (commonly called, 
the Battaiie of Doomes day) fought in the night bc- 
tweene Selym the firft Emperour of the TurkeSy and 
Iflmsfl Ayucy King of Ferfis. It is a night peece done 
by ^SrAfiM, the famous yemefism Painter, by the com- 
m(bdement of Se/ym after his viftory, and fent as a 

Erefeat to the Duke and State of yemicty where it yet 
amreth in their Councell Chamber. 
There is likewife a very rare and admirable peece in 
AmdwMrp€y done by a Blackefmith upon this occafion. 
This Smidi falling in love with a Painters Daughter, 
(who vowed never to marry any, but of her fathers pro- 
fcilion) gave over the Tnide of a Smith, and fell to 
painting fome fbure or five yeares : in which time, the 
nope of gaining a faire maid guiding his hand, hee be- 
came fo cunning, that he not onehr obtained his Wench, 
but a made of wealth by his Pendll ; there being offered 
for his one peece alone, feven thoufand Crownes. It 
hangcth in one of the great Churdics there S. Gnrps 
or our LM£tSy I remei^r not well which. But thus 
much of Drawing and Painting in generaU. 

Now it (hall not be amifle, for the advancement of 
this excellent skill, which none can love or admire more 
than my felfe (that I may omit the lives of the ancient 
Graccian and Romane Painters) to come neere our 
times, and acquaint you with the bcft Mafters Itsly akme 
hath afforded. 



lummis Cimsim. 

Itsly being over-runnc, and miferably wafted with 
warrcs, what time all good learning and Arts lay 
negkrdlcd about the yearc 1140, Painting and Painters 

were 



138 of Drawings Limning^ 

were there fo rare, that the^ were faine to fend into 
Gretf for men skiUfiill herein. OF whom the Italians 
learned the rudiments and principles of this Art, in a 
manner quite loft amongft them. So that while certaine 
Graxian Painters^ fent for by fome of the Nobility of 
Flarenciy were painting a Church in Florence^ one loannes 
Ctmahn a young man, and naturally a£feding this Art, 
grew fo farre into familiar acquaintance with them, that 
he learned the manner of their draught, and mingling 
colours, that in a fhort time he excelled tiie beft Mailers 
among them ; and was the firft that I can find among 
the ItaUams^ that brought Painting into credit, and got 
a name by his skill herein. For fome of his peeces for 
the rarity were carried out of his houfe into the new 
Church in Fl^rence^ with Muficall Inftruments of all forts, 
and folemne proceflion: other being vttered at great 
rates over all Framci and Italy *^ Infomucb, as Charles 
the French King moved with lus fame, came to Florence 
to fee his Worke. He dyed in the yeare i joo. leaving 
behind him his Scholler GhttOj who bv the opinion of 
Damies in his Purc;atory farre furpaffed nim ^ He was fo 
humorous^ faith the Interpreter of Dantesy that if him- 
felfe or any other efpyed any fault in his worke, he would 
(like Michael lanjf. now living at Df^in HeUan J) defzcc 
and brcake it in peeces, though he hadbeftowed a twelve- 
moneths paines thereon« 

AnJrea Taffi. 

About this time alfo,the Graecians brought the Art of 
working in Mufiney or Mofai^ue to Venice^ where in S. 
Markes Church they wrought it 5 with whom Taffi falling 
acquainted, he drew one of the befl Mailers among 
them, named Afottamm^ to Florence^ who taught him to 
make Mofaifue Glafles, and to temper the fize for them : 
fo they wrought together ; but the rudenefle of that age 

was 



and Painting in Oyle. 139 

was fuch, tfatt neither they nor their workes were in that 
dleeme as they deferved. 

Gaddo GsdM. 

About this time alfo lived GsJdo GsdMy a very rare 
Matter, a FUremime borne (for the fine and fubtile aire 
of FUremcty hath produced men of more fharpe and ex- 
cellent fpiritSy than any other place of It^y) who ex<xlled 
in Mofaique, and wrought it with better judgement than 
any before lum y infoouich as he was fent for to Rmme^ 
Atm0 1308. the Ycarc after the great fire, and burning 
of ttie Church of S. lobm Lgtersme^ and the Pallace of Pope 
CUmewi the fifth : whence well rewarded, he returned 
backe into TifuaUy where he dyed, Amm^. ijia, 

MmrgMritme. 

Mmrgmt9m€ was borne in Art%%Oy a very skilfull 
Mafter : he was the firft that devifed lading Gokl or gild- 
ing upon Bole Armoniacke to be bumiflic^, as wee lee it 
inlcnops now adayes upon the Valences and Canopies of 
beds : and to make a Glew for Pidure Tables, that (hould 
never decay. 

Ghm. 

Gktt9 was not onelv a rare Painter, but alfo an excel- 
lent Archited, for all manner of curious conceipt in 
building : and to fay tnith, was the firft who of latter 
times in Hsly brought Pidure into admiration, and her 
true height He was borne at yefinim^y a village 
foureteene ItsBim miltt from Fbrtnct : his Father was an 
husbandman, and Gkit§ beinff a Boy of fome twelve 
vearcsofage,wasfetbyhimtoKeepelheepe: but Nature 
naving ordained him for another end, the Boy while bee 

was 



140 Of Drawings Limning^ 

was tending his flieq>e, would be pradtifing with a fticke 
upon the fand, or dufty high-way, or upon vojrdc places 
upon waUes with a Coale, to draw whatfoever forted 
with his fancy. It fortuned on a time, while he was 
drawing the pidhire of one of his fheepe, Clmabus to pafle 
by, who admiring fuch Art in the Boyes draught, (who 
had never any wier diredion fave out of his naturall 
inclination) demanded of him if he would dwell with him : 
who anfwered. Yea, if his father were fo contented. The 
Either agreed, and placed him with ChnMhuSy who in 
fhort time fo excelled, thathefarre furpafled the rufticke. 
Grceke manner of working, bringing forth a better 
Modernc Art, and the true working by the life, which 
had not beene knowne in two hundred yeares before. He 
was very inward andfamiliar with Dantes the Poet, whofe 
pidure he drew : he was of all others famous for his skill 
and conceipt in exprefling affe&ions, and all manner of 

{^efhire, fo that he might truly be called Natures Schol- 
er. His workemanlhip is efpecially feene at ^cefiy a City 
ofymSriOy in the Cloifters of S. FranaSy where the body 
of S. Francis lyeth buryed : where among other rare in- 
ventions of his, is to be feene a Monke kneeling before 
Obedience, who putteth a yoake upon his n^e, he 
holding up both his hands to heaven, and fliee laying her 
forefinger upon her mouth, cafteth up her eyes towards 
Chrift, from whofe fide the blood ifliieth in great abun- 
dance. On either hand of her, ft and wifedome and hu mi- 
lity, to (hew, where true obedience is, there is wifedome 
and humility, which helpe to finiili every good workc : on 
the other fide is an hiftory where chaftity ftandeth upon 
a ftrong and high rocke, as not to be wonne, or moved by 
the force of Kings, though they feeme to offer Crownes, 
Scepters, and P5mes. At her feetc lyeth purity, in the 
fliape of a child wafliing it felfe, and by chaftity ftandeth 

Ennance, having driven away with her difciplinc winged 
)ve : in a third place ftandeth poverty barefooted, 

treading 



and the lives of Painters. 141 

treading upon thorncs, a dogge barking at her : at one 
fide, a child throwing ftones at her, on the other, another 
child with a fticke putting the thomcs towards her legs. 
Tins poverty is married to Saint Frsmcky whom Chrift 
giveth bjr joyning their hands : in a fourth place is Saint 
ProMcky praying with fuch great devotion, and inward 
aflfedtion expreued in his countenance, that it detaincth 
the beholder with fingular admiration. From thence re- 
turning toward Florence^ he wrought in diftemper (as we 
call itj or wet with fize, fixe liuftories of patient M, 
wherein are many excellent fibres : among others the 
pofitures and countenances m the mcflengen, bringing 
the forrowfull newes unto him, whidi are not to be men- 
ded : withall a fervant, with one hand keeping off the flics 
from his fore mafter, and with the other flopping his 
nofe: the countenances and draperies of the (landers by 
done with fuch grace and judgement^ that the fame 
hereof prefently went over all ItSy. Infomudi that Pope 
BemdiS fent a meflenger from Rnm into Tufemmy to 
know what manner of man Glmo was, and what his 
workes were; being purpofed to beautifie Saint Ftters 
Church with lacred Hiftories by the hand of fome excel- 
lent mafter. This Meflenger or Courtier from the IV>pe, 
takii^ his journey to Flm^nct^ pafled bv SienMy and ftill 
enquiring out the beft Mafters, tooke a araught of fome« 
thing from every one of them to carry backe to the Pope, 
to choofe as he thought beft : comming to Flmrtmct in a 
morning betimes, he came to the fliop ofGktto^ defiring 
(as he had done of others'^ to give him a touch with his 
pencil], or fome peece to mew his bolincfle : GhiU being 
merily difpofed, tooke a flieete of paper, upon which, 
with a pencill (fetting one arme under his fide) he drew 
fo abfolute a Circle, that by no compafle a truer could bee 
drawnc : having done, fmiling he gave it to tlie Courtier, 
faying, there is my draught. The Courtier imagining he 
had flouted him, laid, is this all? Ghtt0 replyed, it is all, 

and 



142 of Drarvmgj Limningj 

and more than enough. When the Pope with others oi 
judgement faw it, and heard the manner how carelefly 
he did it, he admired and confefled, he pafled all men of 
his time in excellency : this being knowne, it grew a 
Proverbe in Itslu 'Mare round then Gsette's Circle. The 
Pope after tiiis, did him much honour, and very liberally 
rewarded him. Hee had painted upon a certaine wall the 
jndhire of the Virgin Maryy and when this wall was to 
be mended, fuch care (by reafon of the excellency of his 
Art) was had of this pidhire, that it was cut fquare and 
taken downe whole out of the wall with a great deale of 
paine and coft. He made in Mofaifue^ in the fore court 
of Saint Fetery the fliip wherein Feter and tiie Apoftles were 
in danger of drowninp;, their adions and gefhires full of 
feare, the failes fall otwind, with the behaviour of Fifher- 
mcn in fuch extremity. At AnAfjum hee wrought for 
Pope Clement the fift; and in many other places of Fr^arre 
his workes are vet remaining. Anno ijiif. he was at lafl 
fent for by 'Robert King of Nsples^ for whom there (in 
the Church of the CloWter of Saint Cl^re) he made many 
hiftories both of the Old and New Tcftament, with the 
whole hiftory of the Revelation : it is faid that herein his 
invention was admirable, and that he was much holpen 
bv his deare and ingenious friend Dantes the Poet. The 
Kine was not one^ pleafed with the excellency of his 
hand, but with his many witty anfwers and conccipts ; 
wherefore fometime he would fit by him halfe a day to- 
gether to fee him worke. Once the King faid unto nim, 
Giotto I will make thee the foremoft man of my Court ; 
I beleeve it (quoth Giotto) and that (I thinke) is the rea- 
fon why I am lodged in the Porters lodge at your Court 
gate. Another time alfo the King faid thus unto him, 
Giotto if I were as thou, the weather is fo exceeding 
hot, I would give over Painting for a while ; whereunto 
Giotto replyed, indeed Sir, if I were as you, 1 would let it 
reft indeed. Another time, being at worke in the great 

Hall 



and Painting in Oyle. 143 

Hall of the Court^ the King merily requefted him, to 

Eint him out his Kingdome ; Giotto made no more adoe, 
t prefently painted an Afle with a Saddle on his backe, 
and fmelling at another new Saddle that lay before him 
at his feete, as if hce had a mind to that, rather tlum 
the other upon his backe ; and upon each Saddle a Crowne 
and a Scepter : the King demanded what he meant there- 
by : Giotto replyed. Such is your Kingdome and Subje&s, 
for they defu-e new Lords daily. In his returning to 
FlortncOy he made very manv rare peeces bv the way: 
devifed many excellent Models for building ; oefide other 
his workes in Carving, Plaiftique. &c The City of F/o^ 
remco not onely Roially rewarded nim, but gave him and 
his poftcrity a Penfum of an hundred Crownes a ycare, 
which was a great fumme in thofe times. 

He dyed to the griefe of many, in the yeare i'i'i6. and 
was buried at Ptmroaco^ upon whom Angelm FoBtimtm 
wrote this Epitaph worthy fo excellent a man. 

lUo egofum per fMom fiSura exttuSs revixit^ 

Cm ^mim reSs msmm^ tsmfrnt & fsalii. 
Natmne dotr^^ nofir£ ftoJ defmt mrti^ 

P/m ticmt nnlli pimgere not Wiolim. 

Hfc fmfne do moL/o crovit aJ ^frtM moo: ^!he S 

Dtm^MO fiam lottus, fad ofm fmt tllM reftrro J cburch in 

Hoc nomom lomgi cmimmk imftMr orit. Htfmct. 

Stefbmto Fiorentimo. 

This Stofhsm being Giotto*s Schc^r, what with his 
Mafters furtherance, and his owne induftry, became not 
onely cquill to his nufler, but in fome refM^ excelled 
him, as many of his workes doe manifeft, namely the 
Virgin Mmj in the Church called Cmmpo Ssmto at F^, 
which to fay truth, excelled that of his Maflers in the 

CloiHer 



144 Of Drawings Limning^ 

Cloiftcr of S^mto Sfirito in Florence. He painted the tranf- 
figuration of our blefled Saviour in the Mount with 
Mcfes and EUas^ where the light was feene to fhine downe 
upon the Apoftles, who with fuch a faire adion lay fo 
wrapped in their mantles that yee might perceive all the 
foldings upon the joynts^and made the nakednefle to (hine 
thorow their thinnc doathes, which was never feene be- 
fore or ufed by Giotto. In another Chappell he made the 
fall of Utdfer^ wherein he fhewed many excellent fore- 
fhortnings of bodies, armes and legges : wherefore by the 
Artifts dl his time, he was named OccUo M Natura^ the 
eye of nature. He wrought at Romo^ Milamey and many 
other places; many excellent pieces of his are yet to be 
feene in Florence^ which for brevity I omit : he dyed 
Anno i3yo, 

Petro Lanrdts of Siena. 

Petro Laurati was famous in his time, efpecially for 
making ofGloriesy wherein he furpafled aU others before 
him. At Arezzo with excellent skill hce painted, upon a 
feeling. Angels dancing as in a ring about Afary^ feeming 
to fing and play on inftruments ; where in their eyes and 
countenances you may fee exprefled a true godly joy : 
another troope of Angels with various and delicate adion 
carrying her up into heaven j he dyed, 1J50. 

Bonamicif Buffa/macco. 

Buffdlmacco was fdioUer to Taffiy and, as excellent in 
his profeffion, fo was he merry and of pleafant conceit, 
wherefore he was familiar with Bruno and Calandrino^ 
rare Artifts and of his owne humor, many of whofe 
jeftes are recorded by Boccace. Buffalmacto being a young 
youth while he dwelt with Taffiy was called up oy his 
mafter by two or three of the clocke in winter mornings 

to 



and the lives of Painters. 14/ 

to his worke, grinding of colours or the like^ which 
erieved him much : and bethinking himfelfe how to make 
his maftcr keepe his bed, he got up in the fields fome 
thirty or for^ Dorrcs or Beetles, and a little before his 
mafter fliould rife,faftning little waxe candles upon their 
backes, puts them in, lighted, one by one into his mafteis 
chamber; who feeing the lights mooving up and downe, 
began to quake for feare,committinghimfelie to God with 
harty prayer, and covered himfelfe over head and earcs 
in his bed, having no mind to worke or awake Bt/ffsU 
m0cco. In the mornine he asked EMffslmscc^ if hee had 
not fcene a thoufand Divels as he had ; who anfwercd 
no, for he was afleepe, and wondered he called him not : 
called, faid T^ffi } I had other things to thinke of than to 
paint, I am fully refolved to goe dwell in another houfe. 
The night following though BMff'MlmMCC9 had put in but 
onciv three lights into his chamber, yet could he not fleepe 
for Kare all that nieht : it was no fooner day but Taffi 
left his houfe with intent never to come into it againe. 
EMffsimaeco hereupon went to the prieft of the parifli to 
dclire his advice, telling him that in his confcience the 
divell next unto God hated none more than painters: 
for that, faid Buffmlm^Kco^ we make him odious in the 
peoples eyes bv painting him terrible and in the vglieft 
Ihape we can devife : and more to fpight Um, we paint 
iic^ng but Saints in Churches to mal^ the people more 
devoutc than otherwife they wouU, wherefore the divels 
are very angry with us, and having more power by night 
than by day, they play thefe prankes, and I feare they 
will doc worfe except wee give over this working by 
candle-light. This hee fpdce fo confidently, and in 
fo demure manner to the Priefl, that the Prieft avou- 
ched it to bee true, and with great reafons perfwaded 
TsffiQVtr after to keepe his bed ; which being publi(hed 
about, working by candle-light was left U:orow the 
towne ever after. The fitft proofe of his skill he (hewed 

tCALMAM L ^^ 



14^ Of Dramngy Limnwgy 

at a Nunnery neerc Psfg now wholly ruined, being the 
birth of Chnft, where HeroJ killed the children of Betb^ 
lem^ where the afiedions and lookes of the murtherers, 
Mo&ers, Nurfes refifting with biting, fcratching, tearing, 
pulling. &c. are excellently ezpreded. Moreover, he 
drew the fbure Patriarkes, and the fbure Evangeliils, 
where he expres'd Saint Zjrie with great art, blowing the 
inke in his pen to make it runne. He was in his time 
one of the merridl and fineft companions of the world : 
he died. Anno IJ40. 

Amtrofio Loremzetti^ ofSiena» 

This Amhopo was a painter of Stenay he was chicfcly 
commended for that grace he had in contriving poftures 
and accidents of Hiftory : he was the firft that moft lively 
could refemble tempefts, ftormes, raine, &c He was 
very moderate, and went rather like a Philofopher than 
a painter. He dyed at Siema. 

Fetro Cavaliini of Rome. 

This was fcholler unto Giotto^ and wrought with him 
in the fhip of Mopuque in the front of Saint Feters in 
Rom€. There is yet a Cmcifixe of his yet to be feene at 
ArezzOy and another in the Church of Saint Foul in 
Rome^ of admirable life and skill. He was wondrous de- 
voute and Religious. He dyed i3<f;, and lyeth buried 
at Fouls without Rome with this Epitaph. 

Quantum Ramans FETRVS decus addidit vrbl : 
FiSura tantum da$ decus Iffe Folo. 

Smon of Siena. 

JSimon of Siena was a rare Artift, and lived in the time 

of 

* Urmxefti 1634., 1661. 



ami the lives of Painters. 147 

of the ftmous aad Laureate Poet Francis Fetrsnrchj in 
wboTe verfes he liveth eternallj^ for his rare art and judg- 
ment fliowne, in drawing his Ljutra to the life. For 
invention and variety he was accounted the beft of his 
time. 

Andreas Orgagna. 

Andreas Orgagna was a Vlmrentlniy and both a Painter, 
Poe^ Archited and Carver, though hee began firft with 
carving. One of his beft neeces he wrought in Vtfa^ 
which was all forts of worldly and fenfuall Epicures, 
rioting and banquetting under tne fliaddow of an Orenge 
tree, within the branches and bowes whereof, five litUe 
Amorettos or Cupids (hooting at fundry Ladies lafcivi- 
oufly dancing and dallying amongft them ; which Ladies 
were then livine, and diicemed by their feverall coun- 
tenances : as alio manyGallants and Princes of that time 
drawnc in the fame Table. On the other fide of the 
Table, he made an hard Rocke, full of people, that had 
left the world, as being Eremites, ferving of God, and 
doing divers adions of piety, with exceeding life : as 
heie one prayeth, there another readeth, fome other are 
at worke to get their living, and among tlie reft, there 
is with admirable art and jlMgement, an Eremite milk- 
ing of a Goat. Withall, &unt Maeharim, who fheweth 
the miferable eftate of a man to three Kings riding on 
hunting in a great ftate with their Queenes,and (hcweth 
them a grave, wherein lye three deadKings, whofe bodies 
arc alnmft rotten ; whereon they looke wiSi a great feare, 
livclv expreiled in their countenances : and one wiflily 
looking downe into the grave, ftoppeth his nofe, &c. 
Over this flyeth death in black with a Sithe in his hand : 
all about on the earth lye people of all ages, fexe, and 
condition, flaine, and dying by fundrv meanes. He alfo 
painted the ludgement, where hee placed in hell moft of 

La his 



148 of Drawings Limning^ 

his foes that had molefted him, and among the reft 
a Scrivener, whofe name was Ceccho de Afcoliy and knowne 
for a notable Knave in his profefHon, and a Conjurer 
beiide, who had many wayes molefted him: He was 
by children and boyes difcerned to be the fame man, fo 
well had hee exprefled him to the life. He dyed aged 
<fo. yeares, 1385. and lyeth buryed at Florence. 



Thomas Mafacch. 

This Thomas^ fimamed Mafacdo or the Sloven (for 
that he never cared how hee went in his doathes^ was 
borne in the Caftle of Saint lolm de Valdemo ; and oeing 
a youth, fo much addided his mind unto painting, that 
he cared in a manner for nothing, not fo much as to 
demand moneyof his debters where it was due but when 
meere neceffity drave him thereunto ^ yet was he curteous 
unto all. Hee excelled in Perfpc(&ive, and above all 
other mafters laboured in Nakeds, and to get the per- 
fedlion of forefliortning, and working over head to be 
viewed ftanding under. Amongft other his workes, that 
of Saint Feter taking a penny out of the fiflies mouth, 
and when he payed it for tole, is famous. In briefe, hee 
brake the Ice to all painters that fucceeded for Adion 
in Nakeds and forefhortnings, which before him were 
knowne but of few. For by his peeces, and after his 
practice, wrought Fryer lohn of Flefole^ Fryer Phil/if 
FhlUipinOy Alejfan^ Baldovmetriy Andrea del Cafiagna^ 
VerochtOy Domimco de GriUamdaio^ di BotticeUo^ Leonarde de 
Vinciy Fedro di Fempa, Fryer BartholomewofSzivit MarkeSy 
MarlottOy AlbertlneUy the rare and very admired Michael 
Angelo Bonarottly Raphael d* VrUney and fundry others. 
Hee dyed, it was fufpefted of poifon, in the 2^. yeare of 
his age. His Epitaph was written in Italian by Hannihall 
Caro. 

Ljeon 



and the lives of Painters. 1 49 

Lem Bsptsfta Alktrtl. 

lliis Alkntl was an excellent linguift, having his 
Latine tongue very exadUy. He was borne in Flvrtnce^ 
and was both an excellent Painter and Archited ; hee 
wrote tenne bookcs of Architedhire in Latine, which he 
publiflied in print. Anno .14.81. Moreover he wrote 
three bookes of the Art of Painting, a Treatifc of 
mcafuring heigthes. befides certaine wokcs of Policy ; 
with many other difcourfes. He was defcended or a 
Noble houfe, and was very inward with Pope NicMss 
the fifL He was excellent for the defcription oif Battaiies, 
night-works, glittering of weapons, and the like. 

Fryer PJUDifo Liffi. 

FbiUife Liffi borne in Florence^ was a poore Childe, 
and left fatherlefle and motherlefle, was brought up by 
an Aunt ; at eight yeeres of age placed in a Monailery 
of the UcoUnesy where out of his naturall inclination, he 
pradifed Drawing and Painting; and in fhort time grew 
to that excellence, that he was admired of all : making 
in his Cloyfter many Hiftories in wet, after Mrf^cd^s 
manner. At feventeene yeeres of age he forfooke his 
order. Being in Lm Mm'CM Jt AmcmM^ he put himfelfe 
with fome friends to Sea, who were in (hort time taken 
by the Pirats oXBrnrtmrj^ and fold into the Countrey for 
flaves, wearing heavy chaines about their legges. In this 
eftate lived Fbittifo eighteene moneths^ rat growing 
familiar with his Mailer, one day, when hee faw bis time 
and his Mafter in a good humour, tooke a coale, and 
upon a white wall drew him from bead to foot : this 
being feene of his fclkiw-flaves, and (hewed unto his 
Mafter, who had never feene a pi&ure before, was caufe 
of his deliverance, for making his efcapc; or at lead his 

Mafter 



I y o of Drawings Limning^ 

Mafter winking thereat, he made fliift to come to Naples^ 
where he wrought in colours a moft curious Altar-table 
for King Alpbarfm. Hence he went to Florence^ and 
made another Altar-table, which pleafed Cofmo de Medicis 
wondrous well : whereupon hee was employed by Cofmo 
in making many fmall Pidures, whereof fome were fent 
unto EMgensMs the fourth, whereupon he grew in great 
favour with the Pope. He was fo addided unto Women, 
that what ever he got, he beilowed and fpent it among 
them; whereupon Cofmo (hut him up into a Chamber in 
his houfe, that he might follow his worke clofe ; but 
having beene thus mewed up by the fpace of two dayes, 
the humor of gadding tooke lum againe in the head : 
and one evening cutting his flieets, made ropes of them, 
and fo gat out at a window. But fliortly after, found and 
brought to Cofmo againe, he had liberty to gpe and come 
at hiS pleafure, and was better attended and ferved than 
before. For faid CoJmOy The excellence of rare Spirits are 
teavemly formeSy and no turthen^tearing Mules. Many 
excellent peeces he made in Florence^ admired and ap- 

E lauded by the beft Matters. At Frato by Florence^ where 
ee was acquainted, the Nunnes of SanBa Margarita 
procured him to make their high Altar-table, where 
being at worke, hee efpied a beautifiill Virgin, a Citizens 
dau^ter of Florence^ whofe name was Frandfco Batii 
This maid was there kept to be made a Nunne: (he was 
mod beautifuU, her name was iMcretia^ and fo he wrought 
with the Nunnes, that he obtained leave to draw her 
Pidure; but by continuall gazing upon her countenance, 
he became fo enamoured of her, that what by clofe 
meflcngers and other meanes, he got her out of the 
Nunnery: hee got her away and married her, and by her 
he had a fonne, named alio Fhilipy who became an ex- 
cellent Painter. This Fryer FUUps workes are to bee 
feene at Frato. And amongft other S. Bernard layed out 
dead, his brethren mourning about him, and many 

Cripples 



and the lives of Painters. i f i 

Cripples and difeafcd perfons^ which (as it was faid)with 
touching the Hearfe and his bo&fy were healed. Then 
he moft excellently wrought the Martvrdome of S. Sttpbtm^ 
the beheadii^ oi Saint hhn B^ptifty with manjr others. 
He died aged fiftv feren, Amm^ 1438. Hee had a ftatelv 
Monument of Nurblc ere&ed over him ; his Epitaph 
was written by Amgelm Mttimnuj which for the elegancy 
I will fet downe. 

Cmtditm tic tg^fum^ fiSwra fmrna^ FUliffm^ 

Nmlli iptota meM efi gratia mra momAs. 
Artifices p§tm Mgitk ammart ceUres : 

Sferatllauf amhms faBtrf vcce Jsu. 
Ipfa mekjtupmt Natmra txpreffa figmrit : 

Mfiiuffukfaffa eft artilm tffe pamm. 
Marmmn^ tmmU MeMces LattrmttMS tie me 

CeiuDdit : autf bmmB pulven teSus tram. 



Amtmttte it Miffme. 

Amt0mett§ borne at Miffiw^ ought not to be forgotten, 
who was the fiift that brought painting in Oyk into Italy. 
For certaine Oyle-peeces being fent by the Merchants 
out of FlatUers to Alpbmfus^ the firft Kinff of KapUs^ 
which the King had in great admiration, for that they 
could not be wafhed out with water; commins to the 
view of Amtmett^y Autrntell^ could never bee in quiet 
untill he had found out the Inventor, wlx>re name was 
l9bm Vam Enk^ who entertained Amtmtttt^ very curteoufly, 
and (hewed him his Art what he could; but at kft, iJbm 
Vam Eyci dying, Amttmtt^ returned unto Fcmtt, where 
his workcs of Sie Magmfid were much admired, and for 
that he brought the workim^ in Oyle the firft into lialyt 
he was honoured with this Epitaph. 

D. O. M. 



I f 2 Of Drawings Limning^ 

D. o. M. 

Antm-fu plSor^ fntclfmnn Mejfana & tottus S/ci/U 
amamentumy hac bumo contegttur : non folum fuis f/^uris^ 
im ijuHus fingulere artifieium & venufias futty fed & quod 
eolmtus oleo mifcendis Mendorem ^ perpetuitatem primus 
Ttalicsi piSura contultt^ fummo femper artificum fiudio 
celeiratus. 

Damintco Gsrlandah, 

This Dammko was a Florentine^ by profeflion at the 
firft a Gold-fmith, but falling to Painting, he became a 
great Mafter therein. His firft worke was a Chappell for 
the family of the Ve!pucci^ wherein he drew, in his Sea 
habit, and ftanding upon an unknowne flioare, Amerlcus 
Ve^utluSy who gave America her name. His beft pceces 
are to be feene at S. Maria Novella in Florence. He died 
Anno 1493. 

Raphael lyVrbine. 

I overpafle for brevity fake, many other excellent and 
famous Artifts of Italy^ equalling the former, as Belltno^ 
Follaiuoliy BotticeDo^ Verrocchio^ Andreas Mantegna of 
Mantua^ to highly efteemed and honoured of Duke 
Utdovico Gons^aga ; Francefco Francia^ Michael Angelo : 
and will comprife them in the excellency of one onely, 
Raphael lyVrUne^ who was borne at VrUne -, whofe 
fathers name was Giovamni de Santi, a Painter alfo. This 
Raphael was brought up under Petro Ferujini in Ferufia^ 
where he fo gave his mind from a child unto drawing 
and Painting, that in (hort time hec contended for the 
Palme with the greateft Mafters of Europe^ and was for 
his admirable invention, firnamed the WonderfuU. There 
was a great xmulation betweene Raphael and the afore- 
named 



and the lives of Painters. i f 3 

ntmed Fnmeefc^ FrmMcla^ who lived and wrought at 
Bohptm^ till at the laft through meere admiration, by 
report of each others skill, they grew mod loving friends, 
greeting each other by letters continually; yet had 
FrancU neither feene Rsph^el yrtmt^ nor any of his 
workes (by reafon he was old and could not travaile, 
abiding alwayes in BoIopiM) untill it fortuned that JUfAMei 
Vrtint having made a S. CidiUy in a faire Altar-table, 
for the Cardinall De Fucci Smtti tptMtro^ which was to be 
fet at Bohgna^ at S. G'lavanm Saprm MonU (or on the hill ;) 
which Table he fliut in a Cafe, and fent it to FrrnnctM^ as 
unto a deare friend, that if any thing were amide, or It 
happened to be defaced or injured in the carriage, hee 
would amend it : and befide, fo much befriend him, as to 
fet it up in the place appointed, and to fee it want nothing 
fitting. When hee underftood thus much by RMfhtttTs 
Letter, hee opened the Cafe with great joy, and fet the 
peece in a good and faire light ; which when hee had 
throughly viewed, he was fo amazed, and grew fo out of 
conceit of himfelfe and his owne worke, confcfling bis 
worke to be nothing in refped of Rspbael Vrimes: which 
fo ftrucke him to the heart, that hee died (prefently after 
he had fet the peece in his place) Ammo iyi8. The fame 
of RMpkMfl Vriime at this time was fo great, that he was 
fought for and employed by the greatell Princes of EMrope^ 
as namely the Pope^ Adrism and Leo : Frmncis the firfl. 
King of FrMmct: Hemry the eight. King of Emglmtd i the 
Dukes of Fl^romcfy yriime^ MmftuMy and divers others. 
Thofe flately hangings of Arras, containing the Hiftory 
of Saint P^ir/ out of the A3s (than which, eye never 
beheld more abfcdute Art, and which tons fince you might 
have feene in the banquetting houfe at White-hall) were 
wholly of his invention, bought (if I bee not deceived) 
by Kine Hemj the eight of the flatc of Femice^ where 
RMptMfT lytimt died ; I have no certainety: but furc I am, 
his memory and immortaD Fame are liice to live in the 

world 



I ^4 Qff^^dry BlaT^ons. 

world for ever. If you would reade the lives at large of 
tiie mod excellent Painters, as well Ancient as Moderne, 
I referre you unto the two volumes of Vafariy well written 
in Italian (which I have not feene, as bein^ hard to come 
by) : yet in the Libraries of two my efpecuU and worthy 
friends, M. Dodor Moimtfhrd^ late Prebend of Fauls^ 
and M. Imgo lones^ Surveyer of his Majefties workes for 
building) and Calvm Mmtder in high Dutch ^ unto 
whom 1 am beholden, for the greater part what I have 
here written, of fomc of their lives. 

Chap. XIV. 

Offundry BluT^ons^ both Ancient and 
Modeme. 

BEfore you enter the ftatel^ Palace of Armorie, I 
would requeft you (as a thing expedient) ftricMy to 
view and examine me Frontefpice ^ I meane thefe feverall 
forts of Blazons, the very materials wherewith you are 
to build : and as they are the principles, in this refped 
they are the more to bee defircd and imbraced ^ for you 
know, Igmoratis termnky ignoratur & ars. Wherefore to 
make you compleat, I have coUeded thefe following 
principles out rf Sir lolm Feme*s Glory ofGenerofitie^ and 
inferted them here, for feare you fhould not procure his 
booke, being indeed very rare, and daily fought afler as a 
lewelL To our purpofe then, my Author defivereth unto 
us, foureteene fundry kindes of Blazons, and marfhalleth 
them in this order. 



Ancient 



I By Colours. 
X By Planets. 
3 By precious Stones. 



Moderne 



Offundry Blossom. i SS 

4 By Vcrtucs. 

f By CcIefUall fignes. 

6 By the Moncths of the Yeere. 

7 BytheDayesofthe Wccke. 

8 By the Ages of Mtn. 
Moderne ^ 5^ By Flowers. 

10 By the Elements. 

11 By the Seafons of the Yeere. 
IX By the Complexions of Man. 
13 By Numbers. 

, 14. By Metals. 

I am not ignorant, that in the time of King Heme the 
fift, there was a Dutchman, who ofed to Maze Armes, 
by the prindpail parts of mans body; but it feemes no 
way approved of by Heraulds, to bee admitted among 
thefe. 

We read of one MsUrftfs^ a Frenchman, who ufed 
to emblazon by flowers ; and or one Vmieh^m^ an EnRliih- 
man, who lived in the dayes of King Edv}Mri the uird, 
that performed the fame by the dayes of the weeke. 



If6 



Offundry Blazons. 



The Tables ofBla^ns^ appertaining to the 
/even perfeH Colours. 



The I 
Colour 
is Or, 
i.e. 

TeUow 
and 
fignifi- 
i in 



figni 
echi 



/Plaoncts. 

Precious Stones. 

Vcrtucs. 

Celeftiall fignes. 

Moneths. 

Dayes of the weckc. 
-^ Ages of Man« 

Flowers. 

Elements. 

Seafonsof the yeere. 

Complexions. 

Numbers. 
^Metals, 



/The Sonne. 

Topazion and Chryfolith. 
Faith and Conftande. 
The Lion. 
luly. 
Sunday. 
Young age. 
The Marygold. 
Aire. 

Spring time. 
Sanguine. 
I. 2. 3. 
VGold. 



Thci 
Colour 
if Ar- 
gent i.e. 
white 
and 
fienifi- 
etn in 



^Plannets. 

Precious ftones. 

Vertues. 

Celeftiall fignes. 

Moneths. 

Dayes of the weeke, 
•/ Ages of Man. 

Flowers. 

Elements. 

Seafons of the yeere. 

Complexions. 

Numbers. 
* Metals. 



/The Moone. 
Margarite, or Pearle. 
Hope and Innocencie. 
Scorpio and Pifces. 
Odtober and November. 
Mooneday. 
4 Infincie. 
Lilly and White-Rofe. 
Water. 
Autumnc. 
Flcgmatique. 

lO. II. 

^Silver. 



The 



Offundry Bla!{pns. 



1/7 



The 3 
Colour 
iiGuicf 
i.e. 

fignifi- 
ccli in 



/Pknets. 

Precious ftones. 

Vcrtucs. 

CcIcfUall fignes. 

Mooeths. 

Dayesof the wecke. 
•{ Agesof Min. 

Flowers. 

Elements. 

Seafons of the jreere. 

Complexions. 

Numbers. 
^Metals. 



/Mars. 

Carbuncle, Ruby & CoralL 

Charity and Magnanimity. 

Aries and Cancer. 

March, lune, luly. 

Tuefday. 
J Virillity, or Mans age. 
^ Gillofer, and Red-Rofe. 

Fire. 

Summer and Harveft. 

Choller. 
lo. 



J. lo. 
^Lattei 



The 4. 

Colour 

is 

Autre 

i.e. 

Uthc 

biae» 

and 

fignifi- 

ccn in 



/Planets. 

Precious ftones. 

Vertucs. 

Ceieftiall fignes. 

Mbneths. 

Dayes of the weeke. 
^Agesof man. 
^Flowers. 

Elements. 

Seafons of the y eere. 

Complexions. 

Numbers. 

^Metals. 



/lupiter. 
Sai^ure. 

luftice and Loyalty. 
Taurus and Libra. 
Aprill and September. 
Thurfday. 
PueriUity. 
Blue Lilly. 
Aire. 

firing time. 
Sanguine. 

^Copper. 



The 



iSi 



Offundry Bia^anx, 



The J 
Colour 
i« Si- 

BUck 
and 
Cenifi- 
eui in 



/Planets, 

Precious ftones. 

Vertucs. 

Cckftiall fignes, 

Montths. 

Daycsof theweeke. 
*^ Ages of Man, 

Flowers, 

Elements. 

Scafoas of the yeere. 

Complexions, 
» Numbers. 
VMettR 



/Saturne. (lydoin* 

DUmond, Agate, or Cbc- 
Prudcnce, Conftancie. 
Capricornus and Aquarius, 
December, lajQuary. 
Saturday. 
-{ Old Age, 
The Aubifanc* 
Earth* 
Winter, 
Melancholie. 

^Iron and Icade, 



The 6 
Colour 
is Vert, 
i.e. 
green 
and 
fignifi- 
ecn in 



/Planets. 
Precious ftones. 
Vertues. 

Celeftiall fignes. 

Moneths. 
J Daycs of the weekc. J 
\ Ages of Man. ^ 

Flowers. 

Elements. 

Seafons of the yeere. 

Complexions. 

Numbers. 
^MctaIs. 



^Venus. 

Smaragd, or Emeraud. 
Loyalty in love, Curtefie & 

Affability. 
Gemini and Virgo. 
May and Auguft. 
Friday. 

Lufty Greene Youth. 
All manner of Verdures. 
Water. 
Spring time. 
Flegmatique. 
(f. 
Quickfilver. 



(* The Corn Blue-Bocde.) 



The 



Tbe7 
Colour 
ij Pur- 
pure,«r. 
Purple, 

nificch 



/Pkncts. 

Prcdous (lones. 

Vcrtucs. 

CcleftitU figncs. 

Moncths. 

Daycs of the weeke. 
•^ Ages of Man. 

Flowers. 

Elements. 

Seafonsof the Yeare. 

Complexions. 

Numbers. 
\Metals. 



Offutidry Blazons. 



If 9 
(cinth. 
Amethift, Opall, and Hya- 
Temperanceand Prudence. 
Sagittarius and Pifces. 
November and Febniary. 
Wednefday. 
Cana Sene&us. 
The Violet. 
Water and £arth. 
Winter. (Choller. 

Flegmatique with fome 
7. II. 
^Tinne. 



Conceive not I pray, that any of thefe Blazons are 
fuperfluous, and not worthy of your knowledge, in refpedl 
that three onely are ancient, and of moft ufe with us. om. 
By Colours, By Planets, and By Predous ftones; For I 
Queftion not, but you may happen upon the like Blazons 
(as thofe of Mmrl^fus and Fsneh^m before mentioned) 
and then, fliould you be ignorant of thefe Tables, you 
cannot imagine what Colours are (ignified thereby ; and 
fo by confequence, you fliall never be able to make report 
to your Soveraigne what the Coat-Armour is. Bendes, 
by thefe Tables you fliall be inftruded, how to commend 
the Armes of any Gentleman by various Circumftances. 
For an inftance, I would by Vertucs, emblazon the Coat- 
Armour of M'. AitMbdm it Lavme^ (of Shmrfifi in Kent) 
a very worthy Gentleman, and a great lover and admirer 
of all eood Arts : then after this manner I exprcfle 
my felfe. This accompliflied Gentleman, beareth in a 
Field of Loialty, a Croflc Lozaneci of conftancie ; On a 
Chiefe of Maraaninuty, a Lion Paflant Gardant, hoMine 
a Flower deJis in his dexter mw, of the fecond, a labeU 
to lliew his father is living. Now had you not the ufe 
of thefe Tables, this kinde of Blazon would feeme hea- 
then 



i6o Of Armory and Bla^nry. 

then Greeke unto you, which cafily may be refolved by 
having recourfc unto tiiem : for feeke after Vertues in 
the Table, and where Loyalty is oppofite, you fhall find 
the governing Colour to bee Azure, which is the Colour 
of the field fought for, & Re de reliquis. 

The lofty Blazon by Planets, is moft proper for the 
Armes of Emperours, Monarchs, Kings, and Princes. 
For the Nobility, your Blazon by precious ftones is moft 
correfpondent ^ as for other degrees, I doubt not but 
here you may bee fumilhed with variety, fuch as your 
difcretion {hall make choice of, according to the defert 
of the Gentleman, and his Coate-armour. 

Chap. XV. 

Of Armory J or BlaT^on of Armesy with the 

Antiquity and Diffiity of Heralds. 

IT is meete that a Noble, or Gentleman who beareth 
Armes, and is well defcended, bee not onely able to 
blazon his owne proper Coate, derive by pedegree the 
defcent of his family from the original), know fuch 
matches and allies as are ioyned to him in blood ; but 
alfo of his Prince, the Nobility and Gentry where he 
liveth ; which is not of meere ornament, as the moft 
fuppofe, but di verily neceflary and of great confequcnce : 
as had I fortuned to have lived in thole times, when that 
fatal! difference of either ROSE was to be decided by 
the fword ; with which party in equity and confcience 
could I have fided, had I beene ignorant of the defcent 
and pedegree Royall, and where the right had beene Jsiy 
inheritance of blood. Match, or Alliance? 

How fhould we give Nobility her true value, refpeft, 
and title, without notice of her Merit ? and how may we 
guefle her merit, without thefe outward enfigncs and 
badges of Vertue, which anciently have beene accounted 
facred and precious ^ withall, difcerne and know an in- 
truding 



of Armory and Bh^nry. 161 

truding upftirt, fliot up with the laft nishts Mufhroome, 
from an ancient defccnded & dcferved oentleman, whofe 
Grandfircs have had their (hares in every foughten field 
bv the Englifli fince EJvjsrJ the firft? or mj felfe a 
Gentleman know mine owne ranke; there being at this 
inftant the world over, fuch a medley (I had almoft faid 
Motley) of Coates, fuch intrufion by adding or diminifli- 
ing into ancient families and houfes ; that had there not 
beene within thefe few veares, a iuft and commendable 
courfe taken by the right Honourable the Earles Mmt^ 
/b^fsj for the rcdrcflfe of this generall and unfuficrable 
abuie, we fliould I feare me witiiin thefe few yeeres, fee 
Yeomen as rare in Emglsnd^ as they are in Frmuf. 

Betides, it is a contcniplation full of pleafing varietk 
and for the ntoil part, fympathizing with every Noble 
and generous difpofition; in fubftancc the mod refined 
part of Naturall Philofophie, while it taketh the princi- 
ples from Geometry, making ufe almoft of every leverall 
fquare and angle. For theie and other reafons^ I dcfu« 
that you would beftow fome houres in the (ludv of the 
fame : for a Gentleman Honourably defcended to bcx 
utterly ignorant herein, argueth in him either a difmard 
of his owne worth, a weaknefle of oonceijpt, or indifpofi- 
tion to Armes and Honourable Adion; lometime meere 
Ideotifme, as Stfnewr GMmlsrt^ a great man oSPrMnct fand 
none of the wifcll) inviting on a time many great penon- 
ages and honourable friends to his Table, at the laft 
fervice a March-pane was brought in, which being almoft 
quite eaten, hce beethought himfelfe, and faid ; It was 
told mee, that mine Armes were bravely fct out in GoU 
and Colours upon this March-pane, but I have kx)ked 
round about it and cannot fee them : Your Ix>rd(hip (faid 
one of his men) cate them up your felfe but now. What 
a knave (quoth M^mSeur GsM/srt) art thou ? thou diddeft 
not tell mee before 1 eate them, that I might have feene 
what they had becnc. 

riACHAM M 1 nc 



i6i Of Artnwy and BlaT^onry. 

The dignitie and place of an Herald^amon^ the ancient 

Bumames was yeiy great; that fame lus Ftaale^ or Law 

of ArmcsL bring firft inftituted by Ancus Martius^ as 

Lib. I. ij*ify teftineth, though fome afcribe it to Numa Vvmfilm^ 

who ordained a CoUedge of Heralds. 

Dimjfm tuj^ The office of an Herald, was to fee that the Bomames 

cMujf.tMn(f»iu made not warre injuftly with any of their confederates j 

^^' to determine of warre, peace, leagues, agreements, 

wrongs taken or offered by them or their enemies, and 

the like. 

Now if the enemy had offered them wrong, or taken 
away any thing from them by violence, they firft fent 
Meuengers to demand their right, and the reftoring of 
that they had taken away : whi(£ was done in a folemne 
forme, and the words pronounced diftindly, and with a 
k>ud vovce : and this manner of delivering their meflage, 
was called Clarigatio. The forme was this, lovem ego 
tefiem facto ^ fi ego imfli injufieque illas res iedser fofulo 
Romano mhique exfofcOy tumc f atria comfotem numquamjinas 
ejfe. If they refufed their demands or to make reftitu- 
tion : firft all league and friendfliip (if any were betwixt 
them) being renounced and broken, after thirty dayes, 
(which they folemnely obferved) they proclaimed open 
warre, and with fire and fword invaded the enemies 
countrey, and by force recovered their owne. 

Neither was it lawfiill, for either Confull or Senate^ 

or any of the common-people, to take up Armes againft 

an enemy, without the confent and approbation of the 

Heralds. 

Baitafar ^y4i4 Amougft the Hcralds, there was one the chiefe and 

'f-^^f^" above the reft, whom they called Pater Patratus; and he 

cift BeU. lib, I. ^^g chofcn one who was to have children, and his owne 

fiither alive : him, one of the inferior Heralds, crowning 

his head and Temples with Vervaine, made him the chiefic 

or King, either in concluding peace, or denouncing warre. 

The moft ancient forme of denouncing warre, is fet 

downe 



of Armory and Bla^nry. i rf 3 

downe tt Urge by Livy* The jyUnms are reported to ih, ti^,j,& 
have beene fo juft in tbeir making warre, and defiance of ^l.'*t^'^' ** 
their enemies, that they would never meete them, but tk^^^Mm. ik &. 
firft they wouki fend them word of the day, pltce, yea, mHfmi.'juim, ' 
and very houre they meant to fight 

Moreover, if any complaint by the enemy were made 
of breach of the league, the Heralds examined the truth, 
and having found out the Authors, they delivered them 
up to the enemy to doe with them as he lifted : or if any 
without the confent of the people. Senate and Heralde^ 
either fought or made peace, entered league, &c. the 
Romanes &eed themfelves againe, by delivering up the 
Authors to their enemies. So were the Confuls T. yeturim 
and 5/. Foftumim for their error at CsMdhm^ and making 
peace with the SsmmUs contrary to the will of the pecM 
pie and Senate, together with T* Nmmtim and Q^^Aw- 
Cm Tribunes, delivered to the enemy. The words of 
Fofimmm himfelfe (who made requeft that himfeUe with 
the reft, who had offended, might be delivered to the 
enemy^ are thus recorded by Uvy. DtdMmmr ptr ftamUs^ iMm li^. 9. 
muM vtnSt^uey fx^lvmrnm rtlipmif p^flmm^ fi fum Msgs^ 
vimm: me fdd divmi bttmsuivt ^ft^y fs# wumm juftam 
fiwm^tit de hftegr^ mestmr UUmm. The forme and words 
on their delivery to the enemies hands, were thefe : Slffub^ 
^uidem bifct t^mimeSy mittjfti f^fmli Rmiumiy flgritiumfmdm 
tStam hi ^p$mdtnmfj mtfut §i earn rem tmxsm meemnmt : 
§i esm rem fme pefmtm Rmmmtm scelere imfie pi Jhiuim^ 
befce kemnes vku dede. And fo many yeares after was C. csnnOfe.ii^. 
Msmdmm delivered to the Nmmdmtimes^ with whom hec J- ^'S^' 
had entered into league contrary to the wiB, and without j / ,, ;. ^^ 
the knowledse of the Senate. «Am, /i». ). 

Heralds alfo examined and determined of wrongs and 
iniuries done unto Embafladours, and punifhed tl^m by 
delivering up in like manner, the parties ofiending, unto 
the nation or State ofiended. 

They looked alfo to the ftridt obferving of every 

M 1 brancn 



I tf 4 Of Armorie and Blat^amy. 

branch of the league, or truce ; in briefe their Authoritie 
ciceniik ft. was comprizcd in tnefe few words^ BeUt^ pmcisy fmdenm^ 
dt itphm. induciarum^ aratarum^feciaks judices funto. 

Spurim Fufim was the firft Herald that ever was created 
among the Romamesy and had the name ofFater FatrMftu 
in the warre whidi TuUm HofisUm made againft old 
Latines. 

Their privilcdges were great and manv^ and too long 

for me here to reckon up. And to concfiKle, for farther 

fearch of their inftitution, priviledges, and Office, I re- 

Di UfrimitnM ftTTC you to leboH It FeroHy m French Author. 

^^"IZ^j I purpofe not heere to enter into a large field and ab- 

^^^ilJp^^ folute difcourfe of Blazonry with aU the lawes and tcrmes 

^urtmt, thereof, having beene already prevented bjBarsy Vpt&my 

Gerrard Leigh^ Mafter Femey Matter Gmlfim Hate Fart- 

cuttek purfuivant) in his Methodicall Difplay of Heraldry, 

with fundry others. So that, in a manner, more cannot be 

faid than nath beene : mv felfe befides having written 

fomething of this fubjedt neretofore^ but onely to point 

unto you as a ftranger upon the way, the faireft and 

(horteft 6ut unto your joumies end in this Art. 

The word Blax^on is fix>m the French EmtUzmneri and 
note that we in England ufe herein the fame tearmes of 
Art with the French : becaufe the ancients of our Nobi- 
litie for the greater part, acknowledge themfelves to bee 
defcended out of Normandy ^ and to have come in with 
the Conquerour, many retaining their ancient French 
names, and Charges unto this day; as Beauchampy Beaummty 
SacviUy NeviUy with many others. 

Your A. B. C. in this Art, let be the knowledge of the 
fundry formes of Shields of Efcotcheons which are, and 
have beene ordinarily borne in the ancient times. Among 
nations wee of Europe have onely two kinds in ufe (the 
Lozenge excepted) vi%. that we ufe in En^andy Framcty 
Germany y &c. and the Ovall they beare in Jtidyi which 
forme they yet (for the old Romanes) hold in ufe. 

The 



Of Armorie and BlaT^onrie. i6y 

The word Efcoubeam is derived from the Ftencb tm 
efciy that from the Latine Scutum^ aad that againe fiom 
o-ffuror in Grecke, which is leather; becaufe the ancients 
had their Shields of tanned leather^the skinnes laid thicke 
oneover another^as appearethby thatof Vljfffs^ upbraid- 
ing Ajax. 

figf nifi ftciffem^fmftrs TeUmont ere aim 
Gefisffet l^tVM tsttrannm terg^rs /effem. 

And Cfftr (faith CMmtremJis) fighting hand to hand ciMii, Cum^. 
with Nnm/W, a Britifli King, had his fword faft navled 
into Senrnm his fliield (being of hard leather), at wnich 
advantage Nemmiut had flaine him, had not LMhiemm the 
Tribune ftepped in betwecne, and refcued his mafter. 

Now the ancient fhields by reafon that they were long, 
and in a manner of that forme as fome of the Knights 
Templers had theirs, as appeareth upon that their monu- 
ment in the Temple-Church, diflered much from the 
buckler or target which was round, as it may appeare 
out of Livie, Cljptk mttem Rvmmu nfi Jimty (faith he) deimJt uv, lA. 8. 
ffi^mmm fmStl pmt fiiftmdiMr^^ fcuts pr0 eijpek ftcerf. 
And f^rpV comparcth the great eye of Cyclops to an 
Argolican Target, for who will deny but that an eye is 
round? 

That their fhields (as I have faid) were long, and in 
a manner covered the whole body, he faith elfc-wherc, 

ScMtii frofeSi corfors lougii. 

Flereupon Scutum v/xs called in Greeke tfvpcor, becaufe 
it rcfembled a dcore, which is very more long than broad. 

The Curtbrnprnisms made their fhields of gold. M. 
Aupdlm tcis us that his anceftours (being Rommus) had 
theirs of Silver. 

Ahxsmder King of the lewes oppofcd againft Ftoiomy hftfhm. 

8000. 



i66 Of Armwrie mmd Blms^mwie. 

loQOi. ^ g hting men, which hee tevmed HecMmmseti^ as 
mocfa to fkjj IS fighting each man againft an hundred, 
bccaofe they ofcd brazen (hickfaL 

The J^mmiSmt oTcd ihklds made of Elephants hides 
impenetrable bv anj dart, jtt on the other fide they had 
this dxioammodkic, that m rainy weaAer they would 
fike a fponge ib fiiake in fte water, and become thereby 
fo hnrys the fiooldicrs coold hardhr beare tiiem. 

The thicid in times paft was had in fiich honour, that 
he who loft <r alienated the fame, was accounted as bafe- 
ly of, as he that with us rannes firom his oolour% and 
was lercrelf poniQied : and the Grxdans fined him at 
a greater rate iriio kift Us ihidd, then he who bft his 
fword or fpeare. Becmfe that a fouldier ought to take 
more care that he reoeireth not a mifdiicfe, then he 
flmild doe it of himfeUe. 

Ktter was that jeaft of &9«f, irtien he faw t fouldier 
beftow great coft in trimming and ghmng his fhield : I 
cannot blame thee jouoth hee) that timi bdlowcft fo 
much coft upon tiiy fiueU, becaofe thou tnifteft more to 
that than to thj fword. 

The L^cMdemmm^ms of all other the moft warlike, by 
tiie hwes of IsjKMrgm^ Ixoa^ up their children to the 
ufe of fluelds from their infancj; tnd famous is that Lac^- 
dttmmUm mottier for that her fpeech to her fonne, when 
fhee deliTered him a ihidd gcong to the warrc, rUvovy 
jfTor, ^fnrfif, Sonne eitfier bring backe tiiis fhield, or be 
thou brought badce thy feUe (dead) within it But thus 
much of the fhield or Efcotdieon. 

Armes of Enfigncsift the fiift had their diiefe ufe for 
diftincHoo ofTribe from Tribe, Army from Army, being 
compofed of two or more colouis, whereof one was ever 
white or yelk>w, which we now terme Mettals, and that 
of neceffitie; for without the mixture of one ofthefe, 
the other as too darke of themfdves, could not be dif- 
cemed farre^ neither of white and yellow onely^ as par- 
ticipating 



of jlrmorie and BiaT^onrie. 167 

tidpating too much of the light. Hence they fay ^though 
not generally true) where there is wanting colour or 
mcttall, it is falfe armoric. 

I will not (land here to difpute ovcr-j^ilofophically, 
as fome have done, of the preheminence of one colour 
above another, or out of profound ignorance affirme 
blacke to be the moft ancient colour, bccaufe darkencfle 
was upon the face of the earth in the Chsot j as if colour 
were not qualitss vifiMit lummk ten€fiei§^ & frivMtU were 
firmmrum JhfctptiUlit i and ^ite the next, becaufe God 
(udjlsf Luxi as if Ught were a quahtie refulting of an 
elementary compofition, it being created before all mixc 
bodies : yea with Arifi^tU 1 rather affirme blacke properly 
to be no colour at all. as partaking of the pure Elements 
nothing at all, for he laith \iA\aif xp^9^ '<^^ '''^^ aroixtitav Jtnf. m M. 
fif iAAi}Aa yL€raPaXX6vrw^ of the Elements mingled to- ^xp^if^^^- 
gcther, as earth, water, aire, not yet reduced to their 
proper fubftance, as we may i'ee inCharcoales, all bodies 
confuming but not confumed, whereupon it is called N?x^> 
of the Grccke, Ncfcp<^f, which fignificth dead, as a colour 
proper to dead things. The colours, to fay truth, im- 
mediately proceeding from the Elements, are yellow and 
white : yelkiw being an effcdt of the fire and allhcate (as 
we may fee in gold) begotten by the heatc of the Sunne, 
by the mixture of the cleared and moft pure quicke-filver, 
and the fineft red brimftone, in fniite and come ripened 
by the heate of the fame, in choUer, urine, lye boyled, the 
bellies of hot venemous Serpents and the like. The white 
is proper to the water and earth, as we may fee in all 
watery bodies congealed ; as Ice, Snow, ChriftaU,Glaflc, 
precious ftones beaten into powder : alfo the moft roots, 
the pulpe of apples, peares, and the like of watry fub- 
ftance, of earth in the afliesof wood and ftones burned, all 
whidi turne white, being by the fire purred from water 
and ayre. Concerning the ayre it feuc, it hath no 
cok>ur at all. 

Now 



I rf 8 Of Armory and Blas{pnry. 

Now after your two Metals, jellow and white. Gold 
or Silver, which in Armory we call Or and Argent: you 
havefbure principall colours, v/s, SatU or blacke» Azure 
or Blew, Gules or red, Verd or greene. There are others 
as, Furpure^fangmney Tettniy which are in more ufe with 
the French and other Nations than with vs in England. 

From (imple colours and divifion bjr bare lines, they 
came to fi;ive their charges quicke, and living things, fucn 
as forted beft with their fancies and humours, neither 
without reafon. The Alani a warlike people, and ex- 
treame lovers of their liberty,gave in their Eniignc a Cat, 
a bead which of all other cannot brooke bondage. The 
Gothes to exprefle their cruelty, with their ranging refo- 
lution, gave a Beare * the 'Rommes gave the Eagle, which 
kfi^ut lib, 3. every L^ion feveraUy bare. The reafon whereof I^i&irx 
giveth, ^god & vnsverfarwn avium regnum baieat^ & ft 
valentlffima. So did the Thetans and FerfianSj as Fetcatulus 
Xentfhm de reports ; bcfide, Xenophon (faith he,) remembreth he faW 
(yr,fMd.itb. 7. in the army of Cjrus a golden Eagle difplayed, borne 
ckrtim M, 3. yp^jj ^ j^j^g fpearc, as his enfigne. Yet generally, Pliny 
faith, the charges of their enfignes were of Silver, oecaufe 
that mettall was moft futable to the day light, and was 
to be difcerned farther : fo Fortius Latro telleth Catiline 
of bis lilver Eagle borne before him as the enfigne of his 
rebellion and flirv. Befides the Eagle, the Romans ufed 
to beare in their oanners the Wolfe, in memory of Remus 
Murtypueri. and Romulus : fed by the milke of a Ihee Wolfe, as Uvy 
Iheweth. When they undertooke any expedition wherein 
great fecrecy was to be ufed, then they advanced the 
Minotaure in their flandards, to fhew that the oounfaile 
of Commanders ought to be no lefle kept fecret than the 
Labyrinth which was the abode of the Minotaure. Wlthall 
they bare the Horfe, as the moft Martiall beaft, and 
ferviceable in the warre, being full of fiiry, and defirous 
of vidtonr j and in the Ides of December, a Horfe was 
facrificea to him who had broken the right wing of his 

enemies 



Of jlrmory and Blas^anry. 1 6^ 

enemies battaik : Laftly, they bare a Hogge in their 

enfignes^ becaufe the warre being finifhed, they ufed to 

make a truce by facrifidng a young Swine : imch who- 

focver violated or went backe from, ought forthwith as 

a Hogge to be ftoned to death; hereupon they had a forme 

of Battaglia which they tearmed the Hoegcs face. But 

all thefe (the Eade onely ezcented) were by Csim Mmrim fmmAfrmt, 

turned out of ule : but I fhall have elfewhere occafion fjj^jff* ^' 

to write more at large of thefe and the like ImperitU '**^^ 

badges. 

"Die Kings of FartwgMll bare in a field Argent five The Coace of 
efcotcheons Azure, eadi cfaareed with as manv Plates: ^"^^^ 
on a bordurc Gn/fxtenne Caiues, or, in remembrance of 
five Kings, whom (each feverally leading a mighty army) 
Alpbmfus the firfl. King of P^rtugaU overthrew neere to 
the City of ScsUMi in P^tmgali now called THr^'ff#, there 
appearing at the fame time (faith Ofirim\ Chrift crucified of^nm de Ktgk 
in the heaven, whofe five wounds thofe five plates repre- "''»>"»»»• 
fent Thofe CafUes are his holds in Bs^tsry which he 
wonne from the MMres. 

Hie Dukes of BrnvMrim have anciently borne their x>. of SmrM. 
Armes Fsfy temdj mrg. and AzMrtj for that it refembled 
the party coloured Caflbckes of the ancient Bty, who M. Fmkmm m 
were thofe Gaules that attempted the Surprifc of the "^ '^ 
Capitoll, whom yirgiO defcribinfl; as by nish^ faith, f^Sr- 
istk imemt Ssguikj whidi hee un&rflandeth by the white, 
as moft eafie to bee difcerned in the night time. 

The Duke of D^rt or D0rJrfcb$ in H^ttimdy from a civil! 
broile that long fince occafiooed much flai^hter, flayn- 
ing the ftreets (being onely two above a mue in length, 
(the River running in betweene) with blood, bare in a 
field pJts a pale srgrmt. 

The Citv of C^Ara, in regard it can fhew the monu- 
ments of the three Kin^ who oflered to our Saviour, 
beareth jirgnty on a diiefc pJes three crownes Or. 

The City of Amdw^rft in BrsSswty for that fometime Mc*"- 



170 Of Armory and Bla^nry. 

a Tyrant Prince was Lord of that place, and punifhed 
offenders in cniell manner, by cutting off their tiands 
(wboTe pourtraiture cut in ftone to the 1&, ftands ereded 
over one of the Ports toward the Sceld^ with a fword in 
one hand, and a mans hand fmitten off in the other) 
beares foure hands, Coupi in Salteiry an £agle double- 
necked, difplaied in chiefe, to fignifie that it is an 
Imperiall City ; and hence had it the name of Autivarpey 
as much to lay as Hoftdtnverpeny which in Dutch iigni- 
fieth to caft or throw away the hand. 

The ftoute and warlike Henry Spencer Bifhop of Nor- 
wfcAy who fuppreft by his courage and valour, that 
dangerous rebeUion, and about Northwal/bamy overthrew 
Utfter the Csptmne^ hath (as it is to be feene upon his 
monument in the body of the Quire ofChriil-Church in 
Norwich) over his proper coate of Spencer ^ upon an hel- 
met, his EpifcopaU Miter, and upon that Michael the 
Arch-Angell with a drawne fword. 

Many Coates are conferred by the Prince or State upon 
merit and defert, for fome honourable adl performed to 
the Common-wealth, or honour of the Prince : as that 
device upon Sir Francis Drake (which was Q^EUza^hs 
owne) now ufurped and borne (the colour of the field 
changed from Sable into Azure) by O/iver i Noort of 
ytrechy who alfo of late yeares failed about the earth. And 
at my laff being in the Low Countries, was Captaine 
of a foot Company of Dutch in Huyfden. The faid Coate 
fairely cut in ftone, ftandeth over a Porch at the entry 
of his houfe there. 
M. FrAtrm. The Mouud or Ball with the Crofle, was bv Charles 

De Or^nt thc fifth, added by way of augmentation, to the Armories 
^^' of the Falfgrave of the Rhine^ in regard of Fienna^ fo 

bravely defended by Philip Earle Palatine^ together with 
the Count Solmes^ againft the fury of Solyman^ who laidc 
fiedge to it with above 300000. men ; yet glad (at the 
rumour of the Emperour Charles his comming) to fhew 

his 



of Armory atul Blas;pnry. 1 7 1 

his backc For S^fymsm (as himfeUc was wont to fay) sihmMs 
reared not Cbmrlts as he was Emperour of Germmy ; but opinion of the 
that good fortune which ever attended him in his greateft ^JJjJ^' 
enterprises. And no doubt but the blcffin^ of Ckxi was ^^^[^^ • 
upon him^ as being one of the moft religious, juft and Uuei^of 
worthieft that ever lived. ScocUnd. 

The Family of the Hates in Scotlmtdy bare Arg. three 
Efcotcheons Gules, upon this occafion. At what time The origimil 
the DMMis invaded Scvtlmti^ and in a fct battell had put "^'** ^5 
the Sc§is to the worft: one Hmy with his two fonncs JSrin 
being at plow not farrc oflF, and feeing hisCountrey-men, scocUnd. 
flying from their enemies, to come up a narrow lane 
wsdied with ftone on both fides» towards him; with 
their plow-beames in their hands, meeting them at the 
lanes end, in defpite beat them backe to charge their 
enemies aftefli, reviling their oowardize, that now 
hazarded the whole kingdome : whereupon with a (lout 
refolution they put themfelves againe into array, and 
returning backe upon the I>4»<x(wto were both diforacred, 
and in a fcarc left a new fupply had come downe to the 
S€9ts fuccour) overthrew them utterly, and regained a 
moft memorable vidory. Hereupon Hmj was by tiie King 
ennobled, and had siven him for his bearing, in a field 
Silver, three Efcotcheons Gules, the Crtsfi a Plow-man The cnail : 
with his Plow-beame on his flioulder: and withaU for Jj^^" 
his maintenance as much Land as a Faulcon put off* from scc'jn « ^^^' 
hand could flye over ere (he could aliffht, which Land in wretth of his 
SMlsmd is to this day called Hay his Land ; and the <^^'- 
Faulcon alighting upon a ftone, about feven miles off, 
gave it the name of the Fauloons ftone even to this day. 

Armes againe arc fometimes taken from profiei&OQS, 
and thofe meanes bv which the bearers have raifed them- 
felves to honourable place; as the Dukes of Flmttmct^ 
for that they are defccnded from the fimiily Di Mtdid 
or Phyfitians, bare in a field Azure, fixe Lozenges. 

Sometimes they are wonne in the fiekl fron^ Infidels 

(for 



172 of Affnorte and Bla^nrie. 

(for no Chriftian may diredUy beare anothers Coat by 
his fword) as was the Coatc of MiUau from a Ssracen ; 
^i-Mni 4m it being an infant naifant, or iffiiing from the mouth of 
a Serpent. And after the winning of Granado fix)m the 
Meoris^ in the times of FerMnandznA IfaieU^ Kings of 
Caftiky the Pomegranate the Armes of that Kingdome, 
was placed in the beft of the Efcotcheon Royall ; and in 
regard it was gained principally by the meanes of Ar- 
cherie^ the Bow and Quiver of Arrowes was ftamped 
upon the Spanifh iixpence^ which remaineth at this day 
to be feene. 

Coates fometimes are by ftealth purchafed, fhuflBed 
into Records and Monuments, by Painters, Glafiers, 
Carvers, and fuch : But I truft fo good an order hath 
beene lately eftablifhed by the Rle;ht Honourable, the late 
Commiffioners for the Office of the Earle Marfbalfbipy 
and careful! refped of the Heralds with us, that all hope 
of fmifter dealing in that kinde, is quite cut off from 
fuch mercenary abufers of Nobilitie. 

Many times gained at a cheaper rate, by bearing, as 
the Boores in Germany^ and the Netherlands^ what tiiey 
lifl themfelves ; neither can their owne Inventions con- 
tent them, but into what land or place foevcr they tra- 
uell if they cfpy a fairer Coate than their owne (for 
they efteeme Coates faire or good, as our Naturals, ac- 
cording to the varietie of colours) after their retume 
they fet it up in glade for them and their heires, with 
the Crefl and open Beaver, as if they were all Princes : 
as at Wodrscbom or Worcam^ hard by Lovefiem^ I found 
over a Tradefmans Coate, no worfe Crefl than the three 
Feathers in the Crowne, and in many other places whole 
Coates of the French Nobilitie. Heereof examples in 
thofe parts are fb frequent, that I muft fay, Inopem me 
cofia fecit. 

Now being acquainted with your colours, the points 
and every place erf the Efcotcheon, which the Accidence 

of 



of Armorie and B/a^omie. 173 

of Armorie of Mailer GmUims Difplay^ will tt krge in- 
ftnid you in. begin to pradtifc the Blazon of thofe Coates 
which oonfift en bare and fimpk lines, without charge, 
as that ancient Coate offFMgrdve^ who beareth onely 
partjr fer pale Arg. and Gules; and the Citie of Vtrtckt 
partie per bend of the fame. 
Then your Fields equally compounded of more lines, as Fiddi of 

&c. Withall, know the names and ufe of all manner of ^ 
your crooked lines, as Emdmttd^ EmkMuUed^ KeMi^ 
or VmMy Dmimcftui^ <Tc. Know then thofe Honourable 
and prime places, or Ordinaries with their Speeches, as 
the chiefe, fo called of Cbitf in French, that of M^fak\\ 
becaufe it poflefleth the head, or upper third part or the 
Efcotcheon. 

The Fefle holding the middle third part of the fhieU, ThePcde. 
containeth under it the Barre. Barnilct, Cofte, Barre»- 
gemells, 6cc. The Bend, the Bendlet, fmgk and double 
Cotize. 

Next know the Furres, Counterchanginn, Bordures, 
Trefltuts, Orles, Frets: all formes of (jroui», diflferen- 
ces of Brothers, Roundles of every kinde ; as Besf^mts^ 
Pistes^ P§mmktfj 6cc, 

Then proceed to the Blazon of all vegetable things, as 
Flowers, Trees, &c. 

Then to all quicke and living things, as Beads, Birds, 
Fiflics, Serpents, and the like. 

When you have done, know Honourable additsments, 
whether they be by way of augmentation, or markes and 
differences of alliance. 

Coates of augmentation, as thofe of Queene Kstterhe 
Pmrty Queene Ksibtrime H^vunrJy and Queene Lnr 
Seymar^ confened by King H««nr the debt 

By Cantons, as FerSmmd lung of Spaine, honoured ^ 



Sir Hemry Gmlfmrdynth a Canton ofGrsmub: and King 

/jm/, MoBm0^ the Vtmfiism Embaffiidour, with a Canton i^^S^I" 



174 9f ^^^orie and Bla^omy. 

of the Rofe of EmglanJ, aad Thiftle of ScotlamJ em- 
ptied. 

Then enfue differences of alliance, by Bordures^ Luihelsy 

Bendsy §iuartermgSy and the like. 

of difference By the Bofdurty no where more frequent than in the 

byiheBordure. Soveraignes Coate, when the bbcxi Royall was derived 

into fo many Veines, to the diftemper of the whole body» 

under the diflention of Ttrkt and Lmcsster. 

TbmnM of Woodfiackt^ as alfo Humphrey Duke of 
Ghcefier (who lycth buried in the Abbey of S. AlkMmes 
upon the South-fide of the Quire, and not in Tmils) 
bare the Soveraigne Coate withm a Bordure Argent. 

'Bicbard Flamtagenet (fonne and heire ofBichard Earle 
of Camtridge) Duke of T^rke^ and father to Edward the 
fourth, bare quarterly FrMmce and England^ within a Bor- 
dure Argent, charged with Lionceaux purpure. 

Edmund of Hadham^ fonne of Owen Tuder^ by Queene 
Katberiney the Soveraigne Coate within a Bordure Azure, 
with Martlets and Flower-de-Luces Or. 

lobn Beauforty fonne of lobn of Gaunt ^ and his pofte- 
rity, the fame within a Bordure Cemfonei^ Argent and 
Azure. 
Mrf. Charles the feventh. King of Francey in the yeare 14.3 if . 

gave leave unto Nicholas Duke of Ferrarsy to beare the 
Armes of France in a Shield, within a Bordure Cemfmei 
Or and Gules, before the Armes of Ferraray in recog- 
nifance of the league and fidelity, wherein hee promifed 
to fland bound to ferve the King at his owne charges. 

And for the like refpedt, Lewes the eleventh, in May 
i^^> allowed Fietro de Medsciy to beare three Flower- 
de-luces in his (hield, which I have feene borne in chiefe, 
upon one of his fixe Lozenges. 

Of Difference ty the Latett. 

A fecond diflFerence is by the Laieliy borne chiefely 
as the diflFerence of the elder Brother. As Edward the 

blacke 



of Armorie and BU^onrie. 17 f 

blacke Prince, and all our Princes offFsUsy eUeft fonnes 
to the Kin^, beare their Fatiiers Soveraigne Coate^ with 
a Label! of three points. Silver. 

lebm of Gsma had his Labeil Enmm. 

EdwmmJ of Lam^eyy Duke of Torke^ on his Labeil SiU 
very nine Torteauxcs. 

EdmtmJ FUutisgemHy fonne and heire dtKcbmtd Duke 
of Terkey Earle of Btaldndy (who being a Child fcarce 
twelve yeares of age, was ftricken to the heart with a 
Dawer by the Lord CUfferJy at the batUile of PFskefieU) 
hadiipon his Labeil of five points Argent, two Lion- 
ceauz Gules, with nine Torteauxes. The Coate ofVlfier 
and Mertimer being empaled with his owne, as may be 
feene in the windowcs of F^Jermgb^ Caftle, the manfion 
houfe of the Duke of Terkey where, by his father Kcbmti 
Duke of Terkey and Cicelj Sevill his mother, hee 
Iveth buried: whofe bodies removed out of F^dermg/hsy 
<Jhurcfa-yar(4 (for the Chancell in the Quire, wherein 
thev firft were laid, in that fiiry of knocking Churches 
and facred Monuments in the head, was alfo felled to the 
ground) lapped in Lead, were buried in the Church by 
tlie Commandement of Queene ES%skeiiytnd a meane 
Monument of Plaifter, wrought with the Trowell, erec- 
ted over them, very homely, and farre unfitting fo Noble 
Princes. 

I remember Mafter Cremfey a Gentleman, and my wor* 
thv friend, who dwelt in the CoUedge at the fame time, 
told me. that their coffins being opened, their bodies 
appeared very plainely to be difcemcd ; and withall, that 
the Dudiefle Cicely htd about her necke, hanging in a 
fiike riband, a pardon from JRmpt, which penned in a 
very fine Romane hand, was as fiilre and freOi to be 
read, as it had beene written but yefterday. 

OfDifferemce ky tbe Bemd. 

A third difficrence, is by the Bend Ballon, &c as the 

houfe 



1 7 tf Of Armory arid Blas^onry. 

houfe of Burhm bcareth Frattee^ with a Batune Gules^ 
though the proper and true Coate of Burtome is Or, t 
Lyon Gules, within an Orle of Efcallops Azure. 

Ltwk Earle of Eureux in Normandy y brother to VUllp 
le Belly bare Semi de Francey with a Batune Cemponei 
Argent and Gules. 

loim Earle of Lamcafiery and Brother to Richard the 
firft (afterward King) bare for his difference a Batune 
Azure. 

If the mother be of the line Royall, many times her 
Coate is preferred into the firft quarter : as Hemy Earle 
of Devtmjhirey and Marquis of Exetety bare his mother 
Katharines Coate, who was daughter to King Edward 
the fourth. And the like Humphrey Stafferdy who was 
the firft Duke of Buckingham by Anne Fiantagenet his 
Mother, the Coate of Thomas of Woodjhckey whofe 
Daughter (he was. This Coate, I remember, ftandcth 
in the great Chancell Window in the Churdi of Khn^ 
ialton. 
TiUit. In France it hath beene, and is yet a cuftome among 

the Nobility, to leave their owne proper Coates, and 
take others ; as perhaps their Wives, or the Armes of 
that Sesgneuryy whereof they are Lords, or whence they 
have their Titles : as Monf HugueSy brother to King Fhr-- 
//>, marrying the daughter and heire of Heriert Earle of 
Vermandoyesy forfooke his proper Coate, and bare his 
Wives, which was Cheeky, Or, and Azure, onely three 
Flower-de-luces added in chiefc, to fhew he was of the 
blood. And Robert Count de DreuXy albeit he was brother 
to King Lewis le ieunOy bare Cheeky, Azure and Or, with 
a Bordure Gules. 

Robert Duke of Burgogney brother to Henry the firft, 
tooke for his bearing, the ancient Armes of the Dukes 
of Burgognoy which was bendy Or and Azure, within a 
Bordure Gules, given by Charlemaigne to Sanfony Duke 
of Burgpgne, 

And 



Of Armory and Bla^^nry. 177 

And whcreu wc in Englamd allow the bafe fonne his 
Fathers Coate^ with the difference of a bend, Batune 
fmifter, or bordure ei^railed. or the like: it was in 
Frmtce a long time forbidden (I thinke under the Csptts) 
to the Princes of the blood ; as Amsulrj Earle d[ 
MoMMtfrrt^ bafe fonne to King Roterty was forced to leave 
his Fathers Coatc, and bcare Gules, a Lyon i U murve 
fomrcbei Ovy p^Jfei per i lentmnry Argent j for, l^m mmijon de 
Vr4mce reiettsmt ies bsfimrdes^ me lewr endurifem mrmohe^ &c. 
faith TtUet. 

The laft and leaft obfervation is of Crcafts, the Helmet, 
the Mantle, and doubling thereof, which according to the 
manner of divers Countrics,aredivcrfly borne. In Germsmj 
they beare their Beavers open with Barrcs, which we 
allow in England to none under the degree of a Baron : 
in fome places thev have no Creafts at alL If you would 
farther proceed in Nobility or Heraldry, I would wifli you 
to reade thefe bookes of Nobility in general! : 

Shman Simoniiu de KoUUute^ in quarto, printed at 

Cksffamemy his Catalegns Glerise mnmdi. 

HlppoHtws i ColiUnSj his AxlmmmU NMlitstk, 

Cenclupenef de Neiilhsfe (T DoSermtu^ publilhcd by one 
of Meckleturgky who conccalcth his name, printed i^ii. 
dedicated to the Archbifliop of Breme. 

Petrus FritxJm^ Counfeller to the Elector of Brmtden- 
iitrgy publifhed Ccnchfienes de KMRtstey in quarto. 

Liomeihs de prstcfdentim temmmm. 

Of the Spanifli Nobility, thefc Authors 

have written. 
loMnnes Mh Arce OffslerSy in folio. 
Frivilegios y F^itnftiezst j lihertMdes des bijes d^slges De 
Sennierio de IIxxmis^ &c. in fol. 

Lndevicns de MolinSy De primogeniermm Hijfanicennm inre^ 
&c. in fbl. 

N lofephmg 



178 Of jirmory and BlaT^pmy. 

lofiphm de SeJJei in Deaf. Aragom. Deei/l i. p. lo. &c. 
GomzaUs Je Cortt^ his NMeza del Andaluxia^ in fol. 

Of Italy y Sicily^ Naples, &c. 

Set f so MazxeUa nelle Neafcls Illuftratay in quarta 
Paulm Merula in Cofmografh. lii. I. ft. 3. in Italian. 

Of France. 

The workes of Ttttet^ Feran, Charles L'Oifean, Chaffm^ 
Theatre tfHonneur. 

Of Germany, or the Empire. 

Fran. Contzen, his PolttianeSy in foL 

The CoUedions of Gol/ajhs^ with fome others. 

Ti^f praBice ofBlas^nry. 

HE beareth Azure, a Salteir 
Or. This was the Coate 
of the pious and devout Off a 
Kins of the Merdans, who 
lived about the veere of Chrtft 
703. and in tne three and 
thirtieth veere of his raif ne, 
builded tne goodly Monaftery 
of S. Altanes in HertfortUbirt, 
upon the way of Watling* 
ftrecL to entertain Pilgrimes : 
the lung himfelfe laying the 
firft ftone of the foundation 
thereof, with thefe words; 
Ad Honor em Dei Fatris, Fity, 
& Sfhitm SanOi, & Martyrk 
fmAltanl terra mes Frotomartyrk. Hee ordained it a 
Convent of an hundred Monkcs of the order of S. Benedia, 
elcding Wittegod who was his Kinfman, to be the firft 

Abbot; 




The PraHice of Blazonry. 179 

Abbot; he endowed it with goodly revenues, as here 
appeareth. After bee had begun this magnificent worke, Em m. jhUi. 
within foure or fiue yeares he dyed, and was buried in *• -"*•«• 
a little Chappell, hard without theTowne ofBedferJ^ upon 
the banke of the river of Oufe or yfe^ which by the river 
k>ng fince hath beene eaten and worne away. 

mUegod the firft Abbot dyed the fame yeare that Offa 
dyed, of very griefe, it was thought, for tne death of his 
King and kinnnan, whom he dearely loucd. 
Amno 818. After him fucceed thefe in order. 

Eadrsckt. 

Vulfigm. 

IVulmotbm. 

EMdfritbm. 

Wulfinm^ Who built Saint VtOrs Church, 
Saint MicbMls^ and Saint Stefbemsy and made a (aire 
market place in the Towne. 

Alf'icke. 

Aidrtdmj Who digged vp and fearched the 
mines of Ferlmm^eftrty which in his time were dens of 
theeues and whores ; faved all the tile and ftone for the 
repaire of the Church, and in digging upon the North- 
fide, in the vale found oaken plankes pitched, Shelles, 
pecces of oarcs, and a rufty Anchor or two, 

Eadmer^ after his death (being a religious and a good 
man) imitating his prcdeceflbr, faved all the ancient 
Coynes, vrnes, and other antiquities he could find there. 
Ltpfrick* was fonne to the Earle of Kemt^ and after 
being chofen to be Archbifhop of CMterimrj^ he refiifed 
it : this Abbot in a time of dearth fold all the lewels of 
his Church to buy bread for the poore. After him fuc- 
ceeded. 

Alfriekt. 

Le^ftau. 

Fretberic. 

Fmil. In this Abbot were given to the 
N 1 Monaftcry 



1 8 o The PraBice of BlaT^pnrie. 

Monaftery of Saint Alhants, the Celles of IVMmgfwd^ 
of Uniumuth^ of Bealvare^ of Hertfrrd and inborn. 

Biehardy who lived in the time of William l^fffri^ when 
the Cell of Saint Mary de Wfmondbam or WimU»am in 
NorfbUe was given unto this Abbey, being fixinded I^ 
WiUiam de Albeney^ father to WiUiam de Aliemey^ firft 
TLzxlt K^ Arundett. 

Gaufiidmy who founded the Nunnery of ScfweB there- 
by, on the other iide of the River, founded and fo called 
upon this occafion : two poore women having built them- 
felves a fmall cabbin, lived in that place a ver^ auftere 
life, praying and ferving God with great devotion ; and 
for that they lived for the mcft part with no other lufte« 
nance, fave bread and the water of a Well there, wherein 
they ufed to fop or dip their bread, it had ^faith mine 
Author, a Monke fometime of that Abbey) tne name of 
SopweB. Then 

Eadulfbm. 
Rohert. 

GanMif, 
loin. 
WiUiam^ &e. 

Offa gave to this his Abbey of Saint AUaney thcfe 

Townes following, viz. Theil^ Edelmenttme^ Wiclespeldy 

Cagejho cumfuis^ Berechund^ Bskemanepworth^ Bacbetimrtby 

Crokeleiey Michelfieldy Britcbweliy Watford^ Biifefy MerdeBy 

*jild*nham, *HaldenAaMy Sprat y EnefieUy Stanmorey Henhamfiedy PFtme-' 

leffiamy Bifcopfcoty Cedendumey and Mildendume. 
^Sgndr^e. Ege/fride his fonne and fucceffor gave ^Sandruge and 

Fen^eld. 

Alfiickey Abbot of this Church, (after Archbifhop) 
and Leofiicke his biother gave Kingejlury^ CheaUnuicby 
IVeJhviCy Flamfiedy Northmty Bodenbangy Wincb field y Bhrfiamy 
and yptan. 

Mtbelviold 



The praBice of BlaT^nrie. 1 8 1 

JEtbflwold Bifhop of D&rcbffier gaue G'trjhmay Cmatmiay 

One Tiydfi gaue Ejhme and Oxmw. 

One Sexi eaue HechMmfitd. 

One Hasdb gave Nrwham and BtMmJift. 

ThereftUy a religious woman, gave ^SeeMmlta and 

JEgtlvjimSy another, gave BsttpUm^ Offal and Stmubme. 

One JEfflitrt gaue Crmufcri. 

Alfian^ Cmi^/bsm. 

Wmpwms gave EfemJem. 

OMfm and his wifegave Stodbmm and Wllfinam : others, 
WaUen^ Ctulic9t€y Scefbmly BefML with fundry other 
Celles, Churches, and goodly pofllcffions. of me unnamed. 
If I (hould fet you downe the incftimable wealth, con- 
fiiling in Plate, lewels, Bookes, coftly Hangings, Altar- 
doathes, and the like, which our Englifh Kings, Nobility 
and others gave from the foundation unto the diflblution. 
with the fundry priviledgcs this Abbejr had, I fliould 
weary my felfe with writhig, and you with reading ; but 
I omit them, having onely propofed a mirrour to the eves, 
not of the Church pillcrs of ancient, but the Churcb-pillen 
of our times. 



'Skmi^. 



The 



l82 




The praSice of BlaT^onty. 

The m<A Reverend 
Father in God, mUIam 
by the Divine Provi- 
dence,LordArchbifliop 
of Canterivryy Primate 
of all Englamd^ and Me- 
tropolitan: One of the 
Lords of His Majefties 
moft HonourablePriuie 
Councell, and Chan- 
cellour of the Vniuer- 
Odt of Oxford. 

Beareth thefe two 
Coats impaled, tjiz. 
Azure the pall of Can^ 
/fr*«i7 Argent, thereon 
foure Crofles Patte fit- 
chce Sable, edged and fiinged, Or, the Crofier Staflfe and 
Crofle ereded in pale, being the Armes of his Epifcopall 
See, conjc^ned with his Lordfhips owne Armes, {yi%.) 
Sable on a Chevcron betwcene three Starres, Or, as many 
Crofles Patee Rtchee Gules. 

He bear- 
eth Dia- 
mond a 
Feflc Er- 
mine be- 
tweene 3. 
Creflants 
Topaz. 
This is 
theCoate 
Armor of 
the Right 
Honour- 
able Sir Thomas Coventry Knight Baron Coventry of Ales^ 

borov)^ 




The pmBice of Bla:{pnrie. 183 

^ar0v)j Lord Keeper of the Great Seale of Emglsmd^ and 
one of His Majefties oioft Honourable Priuy Counfell. 



He beareth Topkz an 
Eagle difplaide regardant 
Diamond, This is a very 
ancient Coat-armour, and 
ftandeth at this day in the 
North Window of the 
Chancell in the Parifh 
Church of IFefivm under 
Luzurs. in the Countv of 
Stafford^ as alfo carved in 
divers places of the fame 
Church, and fculped on 
diuers Scales fixed to manv 
deeds made by Sir Hugh J# 
Wefiw Knight, in theraignc 
. of King Hfmj the third, 
who then was Lord of the 
Mannor of fVefim aforefaid, and Patron of the faid 
Church ; whofe Son Sir I^bu d^ Wefim Knieht was alfo 
Lord of the faid Manor, and fealed divers Inftruments 
with the like £aglc : which Sir l%tm de IVefim was Aun- 
ccftor to the right honourable Kcb^trd Earlc of F^rtlsmd^ 
Baron IVeftm cfNtytsmd^ Lord high Treafurcr of Emglsmd^ 
Lieutenant ffencrallof the Province {ifSmaismftm, Lord 
Governor or the lie offflgit^ and of all the Caftels and 
Fortrefles of the fame, Knight of the Noble Order of 
the Garter, and one of his Majefties moft honourable 
Privy Counfell. 




Thcfc 



1 8 4 The praBice of Bla^onrie. 





Thefe two Shields are properly belonging to the Right 
Honourable Mary Counteffe of Nottingham and Martha 
CoiSHteJfe ofHoldemes^ daughters of the Right vmJBpfuU 
Sir William Cokaine Knight and Aldermany fometime 
Lord Major of the Honourable Citie of London^ whofe 
Coate Armor is Argent three Cockes Gules, Armed, 
Crefted^ and felloped' Sables with a Creflant on a Credent 
to diftinguifli his branch horn the chiefe ftocke of his 
Family, being the worfliipfiiU Thomas Cohaine of Afliburne 
in the County of Derly Efquire : Sonne of Edward 
CohaineEfqaive: SonncofSir Thomas Coiaine of AttibumCy 
Knighted at the winning; of Edenturgh in Scotland by 
the Earle of Herlfort Anno 15:44. He was divers 
times high Sheri£Fe of the Counties of Deriy and 
Nottingham^ and dyed the ly of November l^^^. Lyeth 
entombed at Afhbume aforefaid. He was the fonne and 
hdre of Francis Coiaine of AfhlmmcEfquirey Ann. lyio. 
fonne and heire of Sir Thomas Cokamt of Afliburne. 
Knighted at Tumey and at TumeySy as on his Tombe in 
Afliburne Church appeareth. He was the fonne and heire 
of Thomas Cokaine of Afliburne Efquire Anno. 3 H. 7 
fonne of lohn Cokaine of Afliburne Efquire, brother to 
5ic edd.) 

WiUiam 



The PraBice of Blai^pnry. 1 8 j- 

William Cokainty father of TbomM C^katnt^ father of 
lUgtr CaiMwe of Baddeflcy, father of William Cokaine of 
London Efquirc. father or the faid Sir William C0kaim* 
Knight and Alderman of London. 

7^ which two brethren lobm Cokaime of Afliburne 
Efquire. and William afbrefaid, were the fonnes of Sir 
Ubm C^iaiftf of Afliburne Knight, who made three feverall 
wUsy each fealed with the three Cockes in a fhield, where 
the Crefl is a Cockes head, the one was Atmo 6. H. 4. 
the other were i;. H.4« and 14. H. 4. he dyed Atm^ ij. 
H. 6» and was the fonne of EJ m m t l Cokaime of Afliburne 
Efquire, who there liued Ammo ;. H. 4. and married 
ElizaAeti the Coufen and heire of William Hertbutt ; the 
which Edmamd was the fon of lobm Cokaimo of Afliburne 
that lived Am. 4^. oiEi. 3 • fonof i«i» Cokaimo of Afliburne 
that there lived Am. ij. Ed. 1. fonne of another Ubm 
Cokaime of Afliburne that there lived Am. 33. Ed. i. fonne 
of William Cofmaime or Cokaime of Afliburne Am. i8. Ed. i. 

He bearetb quarterly Or 
and Gmles^ over all a bend 
Vaire. This was the Coate 
Armour of the right Ho- 
norable Ricifard SackvUl; 
Baron oF Bmekbmrfty and 
Earle of Dorfet^ whofe 
living fame to pofteritie 
will neuer beef<Kgotten; 
his noble fucceflbr is the 
Right Honorable Edward 
Saekvill^ Baron of Bmk^ 
hmr/, Earle of Derfei, 
Lord Chamberlaine to the 
(>ieenes Majeftie, Knight 
of the Noble Order of the 
Garter^ and one of His 
Ma. 




1 8 tf The PraBice of Bla^ionfy. 

Majefties Honourable Priuv Counfell, none ot whofe 
Aunceftors (nor yet himfelie) did euer defire to quarter 
any other Coats with it (although of Right they may) 
for it is a very ancient Coate Armour, as appeareth by 
the booke of Knights of King Edtvard the i. as alfo by 
diuers Seales of £efe very Armes, fixed to fundry deed^ 
made by this Family in the time of King H. the }• about 
which time they were painted and fet vp in the windowes 
of their Mannor Houfe. called SaclmUsy and in the 
Churches of Berghoh ancl Maimt Buns in Ejfex^ where 
they yet remaine, as alfo in the Abbey of Beghion in Kemt^ 
fometime of their Foundation, in tiie Raigne of Kii^ 
Ubm : and in Wittybam Church in SnJptXy where fuccef- 
fiuely they haue beene buried more then jooyeeres, with 
feverall Tombes. 

The Aunceftors of this Noble Family were Frenchmen 
borne, taking their Surname of a Towne in Namumdy 
called SackviUj whereof they were Lords, and came into 
England^ to the ayde of Duke WiUsam the Conquerour, 
as api>eareth by an aundent Manufcript or Chronicle of 
Brittaime^ now in the Cuftody of Mafter Edward Gvnm^ 
a worthy prefervcr of Antsquitits^ where he is called a 
Chief etaimej and is the feuenth man ranked in a Catatosue 
of names tiiere : for as it may be obferved out of M'. 
Camdens Rimmnesy that the better fort about the time of 
the Conqueft began to take vp Surnames, fo againe they 
were not fettled amongft the common people, vntill the 
Raigne of King Edward the fecond. Hee moreouer 
affirmeth. that the moft ancient andof beft account were 
derived from places, whereof this name of SackviU is one. 
And to adde yet more vnto it, Ordericm Vitalis the 
Monke, in his Normane Story faith, that Hertramm de 
SackviU was living in the time of William the Conqueror, 
being father of three noble Knights, lardan^ Williatn^ 
and Bifiert de SackviU^ and of a vertuous and beautifiill 
Lady, named Avice^ who was married to IFalter^ Lord of 

Alfage 



The PraBice of BlaT^pmy. 187 

Alfrgf and HitgleviB^ by whom (hee had iflue, lardam 
Lord of Alfaff and HugliwB^ that married JkUsm the 
daughter of one G^JTcaUy who came into England with 
Quecne Adelixi of Loueine, the wife to King Hfmry the 
fim: After whofe death, the faid Queene married to 
mnsdm de Albemty Earle of AnaukU^ from whom the 
now Right Honourable, Tlfomm Earle of ArtmdeB and 
Surrey, and Earle Marfhall of Emglamd is dcfcended. Sir 
lordsm dt SaciviB Knight, the eldtft fonne, was Sewer of 
EmglamJ by the gift of the faid Conquerour, but liued and 
dyol in Nmimmufy. Sir IMtrt dt SsckvlU Kni^it, the 
Tounger fonne lived in Em^mmd^ and gave together with 
his body, the Mannor oSlVsekbam in Smffolke^ to the Abbey 
of Saint Itbm Bmftifi m Ctlcbeftn^ leaving iflue a fonne 
named Sir lardsm dt Ssckvilly a very eminent man in the 
time of King Richard the firft, as aopearcth by a Charter 
of the faid King, made to the Monkcs of Btrdtjltj in 
Brnk'tngfumfijirt. Sir Itrdau dt SsckviU^ that obUined of 
King Itbm a Friday Market weekcly, and a Faire once a 

Ieere in his Towne of Sscivill in Nomumdj^ as faith the 
Lings Publike Records in the Tower of Ltmdm. HtlBu^ 
tbtdyfrt. il6. doth there ranke Itrdmm dt SsckviB^ as a 
Baron, calling him one of the ailiftants to the af. Pecres 
of this Rcalme, to fee the Liberties of Magmm Cbmrta 
confirmed* And for further proofe, that they were men 
of no meane ranke, it is apparent in the KtA booke oF 
the Exchequer in the i a. and i;.yeeresofthe faid Kings 
raigne, in thefe words, Hultrtm dt Amtffit ttmH^ %.fttd. 
m Antflity & fmrvm Htrmmtsdy & dhmJ. fttd. m Autfltt 
dt Htm0rt Ricbmrdi dt Ssckvylt. Againc, & Itrdmm dt 
Ssckvia Knight, grand-child to the faid Itrdmdt SscMB, 
was taken prifoner at the battaile of Emrfbiomj for fkiing 
with the Barons againfl King Htmj the third, in the fj^ 
yeere of his raigne, whofe fonne and heire, named Amdrrm 
SsckviOy being under age at the time of his fathers death, 
and the Kings Ward, was Ukewife imprifoned in the 

Caftle 



1 8 8 The Pra^ice of Blas^omie. 

CafUe of Dover ^ Anno ;. Edward the i. and afterward 
by the fpeciall command of the faid King, did marry 
Ermyntudt an Honourable Lady, of the houfhold to 
Queene Elianary whereby he not ondy gained the Kings 
favour, but the greateft part of his Inheritance againe. 
From whom the aforefaid Edwsrd Earle of Dorfei (and 
others) are defcended ; one of whofe Aunceftors, by 
marrying a daughter and co-hdrc of Rrfede Denny fonne 
of Raiert Psncemay that held the Lordfliip of Bnekbmfty 
with divers other Manners and Lands in Suffex^ ab<xit 
the time of the Norman Conqueft. In right of which 
marri^e, they have ever fince continued Lords of the 
laid Mannor of Buckhurfi^ with divers other Mannors 
and Lands in Sufex^ &c. 

He beareth Sable threeHarts 
heads cabbaged argent, tired 
ory by the name of Cauem^y 
and was borne by the right 
Honorable, WilUamy Baron 
Cauendifb of lUrdwkk in the 
County of Derhy Earle of 
DeuoftfUerey and Vnde to 
WiUsam Cavendffby Knight of 
the Bath, Baton Ogle and 
Vifcount Mansfield. Which 
WiUsam Earle cfDevoufb. was 
fonneof Sirlf?^;^ Cavendi/b 
of Chatteftvorthy in the faid 
County of Deri^ Knight, 
Treafurer of the Chamber to 
KingHwrrythe eight, Edward the fixt, and Queene Marjy 
by his wife Els%ahetby daughter of lobn Hardwliiy of Hard^ 
wick Efquire : the which WiUiamy Earle of DeuonJUrOy 
being lately deceafed. hath left for his fucceflbr the Right 
Honourable WiUiam Baron Cavendijb Earle of Dewn^e. 

The 




The praStice of Bla^mrii. 189 

The Aunceftors of this Noble Famihr, ctllcd tbero- 
fchres Gnums^ wbofe ifliie in procefle oftime afliimed to 
themfelves, the furntme of C^vtrnd^fb^ as beinff Lords of 
the Towne and Mannor of Cmvtnd\fb in SmffoTkt ; out of 
which family disbrandied that famous Travailer, M. 
Tbmmm CMvetu^^ who was the third that travailed 
about the world, wbofe voyaee you (hall find fet downe 
at large in the Englilh Difcoveries, written by NL 
lUeilmt. 




He bearethpearle on a bend 
of the Diamond, three Rofes 
of the firfl, with a Crefcent 
for a difference, by the name 
of Cartj. This is the proper 
Coate of the Right noble 
Hemry Lord C«m, Baion of 
Htmfdm^ and Vilcount Itocb^ 
frrJj defcended from the 
ancient Family of the Csrtjs 
in the Countie of IVvm, 
whofe Hopefull fonne is Sir 
Ubm Csrn Knight of the 
Bsib at the Coronation of 
King Cbmrlts. 



He 



190 The praUtce of Blas^pnry. 




He bearetfa Or, a lion Ram- 
pand regardant Sable, being 
the Paternall Coate of the 
Right Honourable Sir lobm 
FMfghanyOfthc Goldengrove 
in the Counticof Carmarthem 
in the Prindpalitie of IFalles 
Knight, Baron Vanghan of 
MohmgaTy and Earle of Car^ 
bwrj in Jrelamd. 




The Right Reverend 
Father in God, WiUsam 
luxom. Lord Bifhop of JL^r- 
dm^ Deane of His Ma- 
jefties Chappell Royall. 

Beareth thefe two Coats 
impaled^ (viz.) Gules two 
Swords in Saltier Argent, 
their Hilts, and Pomels 
extending towardsthe Bafe 
of the Efchocheon, Or; 
being the Armes of His 
Epifcopall See. oonjoyned 
with his Lordfhips owne 
Armes, (viz.) Argent a 
plaine Cro£Fe Sabk, be- 
tweenefoure Mores Heads 
coupe at the Shoulders 
proper. 



Hee 



The fnraSice of Bla^nrie. 191 

Hee bearcth gules a 
dieueron betweene ten 
Cro£R:s patee argent. 4. 
a. 1. 2. and one : this is 
the Coate Armour of 
the honourable George 
Baron Bmrkley of Bark* 
ley Caftle^inthe County 
ofGUcefier. 





This forme of bearing, is 
tearmed a Lozenge, and is 
iproptx to women never 
marryed, or to fuch in oour- 
tefie as are borne Ladies: 
who though they be married 
to Knights^ vet they are com- 
monlv ftiled and odled after 
the Surname of their fathers, 
ifbebeanEarle; fortbegrea- 
ter Honour muft ever extin- 
euiih the lefle : for example, 
the bearer hereof is the La<^ Msry SUmey^ the late wife 
of Sir RUfri mreib Kniglit, and daughter of the right 
Honourable, RUert Lord ^dmey of Fei^flmftj Vifcount 
UJIt^ Earle of Xjrieejhry and companion oif the moft noble 
Order of the Garter^ who feemeth by her late publifhed 
VrMmm inheritrix of the Dioine witof her Immortall Vncle. 
ThisCoateyou flttll hbue thus: (hebeareth(on a Lozenge.) 
Or, a PiMv^c«rv, which is the head of a dart (faith L/et^^ 
in his Accedence of armory.) 

Hce 




I p 2 The praSlice ff Bla^anrie. 

Hee beareth ot the Ruby, 
three Rofes pearle, on a chiefe 
of the firft ; as many Rofes of 
the fecond. ThisCoate apper- 
taineth to the right Honour- 
able Sir luBm Cafar Knight, 
Mafter of the Roiues, and one 
of his Majefties moft honour- 
able Privy Councell, who is 
defcended of the Noble and 
ancient family of the Dalmmij 
in Italy^ a Gentleman worthy to be honoured, afwell for 
his iincerity, as his loue to good learning and all excellent 
parts, vnto whom I acknowledge my felfe to be many 
wayes obliged, 

Heere are two Coates im- 

Cled : and thus the husband 
aredi his Wives Coate : in 
the firft hee beareth Sol^ on 
a chiefe Satumt^ three Lions 
heads erazed ot the firft, by 
the name of Bkhardfin : and 
it is thus borne by Sir Thomas 
Bicbardprn of Humtmghamy in 
the County of Narfoliey 
Knight, Serjeant at the Law, 
and late Speaker of the houfe of Commons in Parliament : 
the fecond is borne by the name of Southwell^ and tpper* 
taineth to Dame Vrfula his Wife, who was daughter to 
Mafter John Southwell of Barham^ in the County oFSujfolke^ 
Efquire, a very good Ladv : Mafter Seriemtt himfeUe de- 
ferving much to be refpe(^ed for his diligence and depth 
of judgement in his profefBon. He was preferred to be 
Lord chiefe luftice of the Court of Common Pleas, and 
is at this day Lord chiefe luftice of the Kings fiend). 

Hee 



S9S0iir 





The PraSice of Blazonry. 193 

Hce bearcth Sable, Dfux 
JlMMchfs Ermmf. Smr h tout 

0MS ior. The firft inftitutioii 
of this Coatc was with a 
ftarrc of 8. points, as appear- 
cth b¥ fundry Churches in 
Norfrlkty where this family 
had its beginning. Where it is 
as I have leene it^drawne with 
file, it is ignorantly miftaken, 
for the 8. points were fitted 
to the proportion of the field, thereby adding more luftre 
and beauty to the Coat, difpredding thcmfelves fix>m the 
nombrill or middle part of the Efcotchcon. 

It is borne by the name of Holsrty and was the proper 
Coate of Sir Ismet Hcidrt Knight, Atturney Gcncrall 
vnto King Htmrj the feuenth, a riebt good man, withall 
of great leaminff and wifcdome; he builded the Church 
of LeJdmty and Saint O/svet^ commonly called Saint 
rW/V/ Bridge in the Countte of NmfMi. 

This woithy Knieht lycth buryed vndcr a fairc monu- 
ment in the middle lie on the Northfide in Chrifts Church 
in Norwch^ But it is now borne (with the Coate of Vlfter 
by the gift of King Ismes vnto him as a Barronct) by 
the Honourable and Nobly minded Sir Htmrj HoUrt 
Knight and Baronet, Lordchiefe luftice of the Common 
Pleas, of Blicklimg in the countie of Korfalkt ; wbofe vp- 
rightncflc in iuftice, and kxie to his Countrcy, hath (like 
his owne Starre communicative of it felfe) difperfcd the 
fairer beamcs into all places: he being lately deceafed 
hath left the fame to his worthy fonne and fucctflbr Sr 
lotm HoUrt Knight and Baronet. 



Hce 



194 



Noce thac Sir 
Jttm Ftnu 
doth Cet downe 
for N^eUi 
Coace, Or, a 
Lyon rampanc 
purpitre: boc 
our learned 
Heraldi deny 
the fame, 
affirming it co 

Coace, Baron 

and haue 
regiftred for 
N^tUi true 
Coace, Gttlet, 
a pale Fufile, 
Or, as afore- 
faid. 




The PraBke of Blazonry. 

Hee beareth quarterly, eight 
Coates,(aȣ.^ the firft,quarter- 
ly Gules ana Vaire, ouer all a 
bend D'ofyby thenameof Cmi- 
fistU: the fecondGules^a pale 
Fufile Or, by the nameof l£iir/- 
torn: the third Or,achieie azure, 
bv the name of I/sMrr/: the4« 
cneckeyOr&GuleSyOnachiefe 
argent, a Lyon paflant fable, 
by the name of Cmmhtno^rtb : 
the fifl, argent, two bancs in- 
grailed fable, by the name of Stmrns : the (izt, argen^ a 
cheveron betweene three Martlets, fable, by the name ot 
Arpm : the feventh Or, a plaine erode Vert, by the name 
of Huffey : the eight and laft. Argent on a chiefe fable, 
two Mullets Or, peirccd Gules, by the name of Ss/vfym; 
vpon the Center, an Efchocheon, with the Armes of 
y/fifTy beine an augmentation of honour given by our 
Soveraigne Lord King lamet^ to the Order of Barronets, 
&c. Which are the quarierings of the much refpeded. 
Sir William ConfiahU of Flamhirgb in the County of 
Tarke^ Barronet. Here I cannot paflc, (having occauon) 
but give a little touch of the Antiquity of this family of 
C(mfimhU^ taking their Simame from the office of CmtfiMe 
of Chefier^ called in Latine, ConefiMlk^ & ConfiakUmrim^ 
fiui mapfitr militum^ which their anceilors held. For 
King WiUiam the Conquerour prefently afterthe Conqueft, 
made Hugh iMpm the firit Earie Palatine of Chefter^ to 
hold the faid whole County of him, ita litere md gLuUmm^ 
ficut ipfe Rex tenehat An^iam ad Coranam. And the faid 
Earle Hughy for the peaceable gouernment of his 
country, &c. ordained vnder lum, (as the learned Camden 
faith) eight Barons, they all bein^ his trufty friends; 
whereof the principalleft was Kigefl his Couten, whom 
he created Baron of Haultm : and for the valiant courage 

and 



The PraBice of Blas^onry. 19 f 

and boldncfle whidi Earle Hugh had often experienced 
to be in the man, he ordained him alfo ConftaUe of 
Chefter^ an office of fpeciall truft, as in whom is repofed 
the diarge and guiding of all the fouldicrs, horfes. 



Armour, and other provifion of warre, appertaining to 

«ras a princefy pcrfon, and 
of great dignitie. The faid Nigell was (onne of Iv^m^ 



the faid LMfm^ which then was 



Vifcount ComfiMMtimt in Kontumdj^ by Enms^ fifter to 
Admm^ Earle of Britmnf; and had iflue, Willism the 
C^mfiaUi of Cbefievy Founder of the Abbey of N^rtmy 
whofe daughter Apusy heire to his brother WiUimmy was Tliit faHiw 
marryed to EMftmci Fitx^Ubm (a Noble Baron) the lonne ^t^^^j^ 
of uim Momoculm^ Lord of Knmrshtrghy brother and heire ^yutm agdat 
of Serh d§ Birr^. who in the Raigne of the Conquerour Kin| Af*«, 
builded the CaftJe of Kmsrshirgh in the Cduntie of Twrh : •J"*^ ^ 
the faid SerU and /#A», being the fonnes of Ewft^K9 lt5^i^ll^7. 
a Ntrmam-y And the above named Ewftmct Fitx, hbrn^ 
with the conient of the faid Aptes his firft wife. 
Founded the Monaftery of H^Mtt$m in the Countie of 
Tcrke^ After her death, hee marryed Bestrix^ the onely 
daughter and heire of IwPy Lord y^fiyj with whom he had 
the Baronies of Ms/t^ and Almmchy and with her 
confcnL he alfo Founded the Abbeys at Mmltm and 
Alnwieiiytxid the Hofpitall of BrMr^Mr: and (hortly after, 
the faid Ewfitm Tltt^Aokm loft all his lands, but by media- 
tion of friends, hee recoucrcd them all againe of the 
King, except Knsrsturgb. He was a great man, and emi« 
nent amongft the chiefdl of the Realme, both for his 
great eftate and wifedome; at laft hee was flaine in the 
warres againft the Wtlcby together with JMert Ctnrty and 
many (^ers, in the firft ycere of Hfmrj the feoond : 
leaving ifliie by the faid BemtriXy Wittismy who aflSimed 
to himfclfe and his poftcritie, the Sirname and Armes of 
Fefcy from whom by the Att^ms and Brww^ehs^ the 
Lady Anu9 Cliff^rdy Countefle of Dmfrt is lineally de- 
Ibended. And the faid EMfis€t Fitz-Ubmy by his wife Agmes^ 

o 1 had 



Ex libn mkn 
in SeiKedrU 

rtftrvMt: 

VtfMttftr 
ttftifituaem 
ttfKfttt A.'X^ 
Jtkfumit. 



1 9 tf The PraBice of Blas^onrte. 

had ifTuc, Kicbard Fitz Euftace Baron oF HMult^m and 
ConftaUe of Chefier^ who in the btt;inning of the Raigne 
of King Uewrj the fecond, held one Knights fee in Snuab^ 
in the County of T^rke. The faid Kchwri Ftt^EMfisce 
marrved Alkni daughter and heire of Bmdo de Uzmtrs^ 
and ufter by the mother, but not by the father, of Robert 
de Luuyy Baron of Fomf^aSy and tus heire fiuM men babmt 
aliam tarn prepimquamy as Mafter Camdem noteth, in whofe 
right her pofterity enjoyed tfo Knights Fees of the Honour 
<^F<mtefraS. Tne (aid Riebard Fltx Eufimce and Albred^ 
had iilue lohm ComBMe of Chefiety and Baron of Umdtem^ 
Lord of the Mannor of FlMmburgh^ who lived in the 
1 8. yczre of Hemy fecond, and Reger Lord of H^srbvfertb 
in Nertbumberiamdy from whom the ancient Barons of 
C/avermgj the Baron EverSy and Sir lobm CUvermg of 
CmMej in Nertbumberland are defcended. The faid 
lohn Confiable of Chefier dyed in the holy land, in the 
firft yeere of Richard i. at T^re (m Roger Hevedem hath) 
leaving ifliie, Roger ConfiMe of Chefier ^ Baron of Hsultem^ 
&e. (father of lohm de Lacy^ Earle of Uncolme) and Robert 
Lacyy whofe pofterity aflumed unto themfelves, the 
furname of ConfiMe : from which Roterty in a direA line 
aredefcended, SirWiUiamConfiMbleofFlamburgby^zxoneX ; 
Marmaduke Confiable of Eueringhamy Efquire, fonne of Sir 
Fhillip ConfiabUy Knight, late deceafed; Chnfiopber 
ConBahle of Hatfield^ Efquire ; lames ComBable of Clifie, 
Efquire, lohn ConBable cf CarthorpOy Efquire, Marmadmke 

ConHable of Kerbjy Efquire, ComBable of 

Waffanty Efquire: Sir lohn ConBable of Dromamdbfy 
Knight, with many others alfo living this prefent yeere, 

» (?Wath.> 



He 




The PraBice of Bla^nrie. 1 9 7 

He bcareth Azure, aa Eagle 
difplaied Silver, by the name 
of Cpttm. It is thus borne 
(with a Canton of Vlfter) by 
the learned and Honourable 
Sir BUert CPttm Knight and 
Baronet, of Cmmingtm in the 
County of HmtmgiUm^ de- 
fcendedancientlyby a younger 
brother from the Artues of ScpU 
Anri/; a Gentleman,untowhom 
not only our Brittsim^ but Emr^fi her felie is obliged, for 
bis induftry, coft, and care in colledion of fo many rare 
Manufcripts and other Monuments of venerable Anti- 
quity, being of the fame moft free and communicatiue, 
to all men of learning and quality. 

HebearethSable,a Cheueron 
betweene three Cinquefoiles 
JSmivffr, a Canton dexter of 
"^ ^ j^ w V yijlery as hee is Baronet^by the 
V| * jS. name f^lF0$dbmfi. This Coat 

>\^^SZ i/* thus borne, did belong to Sir 
I V^^S^ 4 phiUif W^Ubmfi^ Knight and 
Baronet, of KimUrfy in the 
County of Ntrfrlkei this 
family is very ancient, for 
they were Gentlemen of good 
ranke in the time of King Utm^ as it appeareth by many 
ancient Grants and Evidences of theirs, which I have 
feene. Moreover, I find out of a faire parchment Manu- 
fcript in French, or coUedion of the parliaments all the 
time of Bdv9. the third ^lvhich mv honoured and worthy 
friend Sir Rtifft CM#9 hath) and in the fourth veere of 
his raigne, at a Parliament to be bolden at W^jttmmfwr^ 
a writ thus direded to one JMirf Jk WwUbmfe^ his 
Chaplaine and Trcafuren 

Rex 



t^^ 
^ 



1 9 8 The PraSice of Bla:{pnry. 

Rtx dikSo cUricofuo Roterto de Wpdhoufty Archidiaccmo 
di Rictmumd Thefaurario fuo falutem. Nfgptim nos & fisaum 
npti coHtingentia^ &c. vo^ mandmmm firmter injungnttis 
qupd immtui mI^s pTstertmJJis^ (jtc. Befide I have feene 
the Wm of King Henry the fourth, and Umrj the fifth, 
where one was a Gentleman of Kewrj the fourth*s 
Chamber, and by his Will made one of his £xecutors, as 
alfo hee was to Henry the fifth, who wrote his Letter to 
the Prior, and Chapter of the Church of the Trinitie in 
Norwich^ to give him leave to build himfelfe a Cbappell 
in their Church. So that fix>m time to time, they have 
held an Honourableplace, and at this day are worthy ftayes 
and pillars of luftice in their Countries. Nor muft I here 
let fall the worth of two Tonnes of this Gentleman, Sir 
Thomsn Woodhoufe Knight (and Baronet after the deceafe 
of Sir TUltp his father who married Blanch Sifter to the 
Right Honourable Henry now Vifcount Rocbfart) and 
Mafter Roger Woodhoufe his brother. Gentlemen, not onely 
learned, but accompmhed in what ever may lend Lnfire 
to worth and true Gentilitie. 

He beareth quarterlv,the 
firft jiznretwo barres daun- 
cete or in chiefe, three bea- 
fants by the name of Rivers^ 
the fecond Axmre a fi^e en- 
grailed Argent furmounted 
bv another not engraild 
Gules, charged with three 
Rofes Argent betweene as 
many Swannes proper, be- 
ing an augmentation of 
honour given to Sir B^ir- 
tholomiw RiverSy Knight, by King Edw. the 4. in memory 
of his fiiithfiill and good fervice done to the boufe of Torkty 
as appeareth by an inftrument in the cu^>dy of Sir George 
RiversoiChMffmrdin the Countie xAKent Knight, as alfo in 
the Tower of London is to be feene Ctauf. An. jr. Ed.^.M^. 

12. 




The PraBice of Blas^onrie. 199 

II. Intus, that the fame King gave to the faid Sir Bsrtbg^ 
Immw bj Letters Pattents of lus efpeciall Grace, certaine 
knowleage and meere motion threefcore pounds fer Am. 
during the life of the faid Sir BmiM^mtna Itsvers Knight, 
wfaofe fonne Wittimm Rivers had a command over men in 
the time of Ed. 4. and Hemy j. and made his Will the %%. 
ofMsret. An. \\o6. willine his bod7to be buried in the 
Cathedrall Church of lliTii^fr, who gaue that hisMefliiage 
in It§cbefier (now knowne by the ugne of the Crowne) 
to Altc€ his wife for Tearme of life, and after her de- 
ceafe to remaine to KcbMrd JUvfrs his fonne, and to the 
heires of his bodjr lawfiilly begotten ; and for want of 
fuch, to remaine to the Pariih Church of S. IVcMm in 
RKhefitr. He gave alfo divers Legacies to the faid 
Cathedrall Church, as alfo to the Church of S. NkMm^ 
and to the Fraternity of Alitfird with divers other places 
in Kent : which Kchsrd Rivers was father to Kebmrd Rivers 
of Femfbwf in Kemt^ Steward of the Lands of Edvtsrd 
Duke of Bttckimgbsm^ father of Sir Ubm Rivers of Cbsfferd 
in Kemt^ Knight, fometime Lord Maior ciljmdem^ fSuher 
of Sir Geerge Rivers and of my worthy friend M. Edmnrd 
Rivers ManiiAnt. a worthy member of this Honourable 
City. Of which Sir Geerge Rivers of Cbmfferd afore 
mentioned is defcended, that hopeful Gentleman Sir lebm 
Rivers^ Knight and Barronet, now living. 



HeebcarethSable,a Fefle en- 
grailedbetweenethreeFlower- 
de-luoet Silver, by the name 
%siAjbfeU%3gSi9V9tMpem in 
the County of &[^M»r. 

This Coate Armour is very 
andent, as is proved by fundry 
bookesof Armes,Churdi win- 
dowesandfevenUdeedSyWher- 
of I have feen twobearins date 
An. 1 8. JUrifrjri/thefecondlwith 
feales 




200 The PraBice ofBla^pnrie. 

feales of this very Coatc fixed thereunto, with this infcrip- 
tion about the fame hnz.) SipUmm Raierts de 4fiJieU; 
as alfo another deede oearing Date, ^mm ;• Hemry the 
fixt, made fix)m Rotert the fonne of IpAm Ajbfield of 
S$wi LangtoM Efquire, to Simom Pimchdm^ and I^hm 
JFUtlociiy with a faire Seale of red waze : whereupon 
was a Griffm Sejant, with his wings difplayed, over whofe 
bodv is this Armes, with this infcription abcHit the whole 
Seale (viz.) S. Roterti de ji/bfield Armig. The above 
named Raiir$ ji/bfield builded the Church diStaw Lamgtmy 
in the Quire whereof (which I have feene) hee lyeth buried 
vnder a faire Marble ; he was fervant vnto the blacke 
Prince, whom he foUowed in his warres in F^amce. This 
Coate is thus borne by Sir loim ji/bfaU Knight, fole 
heire of that Family, now Gentleman of the bed Chamber 
to Prince Charhs. 

Hee beareth quarterly foure 
Coates, (ws.) the firft Gules a 
Cheveron, Ory betweene three 
Cocks Argent,beaked,combed 
and membred Or^ bv the name 
of Crow : the feoond parted fer 
fmle Gules and Azmr^ a Lion 
rampant Argent pelleted, by 
the name of Stecket : the tiiird 
Gules a Boare pzffknt Aimnt, 
by thenameof Btf^rr; ihefourth 
and 1 aft quarterly Or and Gulesy 
a bend Vairediftinguiihed with a Creflant Sable for difier- 
ence, by the name of Sacivill. And for his Creaft on a 
wreath of his colours a Cocke Argent, beaked, combed 
and membred Or. 

This ancient name and Family of Crow^ was andently 
of Sufolke; for about the time of King Edward the 4. 
Tiomas Crow of Suffolke^ the elder, purchafed Bradfted 
in Kenty whofe fonne ThomM Crow the younger married 

loime 




The PraBice of Blas;pnry. 201 

iM«# the onel^ daughter andheirc of NicMm B^sre^ ton 
of Mmj fonne of Kcbmrd B^Mre^ that married Ltrm the 
daughter of ^mm Sinket of BraJ/ed in Kemt. The afore- 
tBLid l0stg^ brought to Hmun her husband, his houfe 
called Si9ekttSy with aChancell built by the above named 
Smtm StHktty as appeareth by a French deed temf^re Edw. 
the 1. As alio a houfe and certatne land odied Blares ; by 
whom fliee had ifliie Ubm Cr0w the elder, father ofHemy 
Crmuy father ofWitttMrn Cmo of BrrndfUd Efauire, who 
married Anno the feoond daughter and Coheire of lohn 
SscMtt of CbiddmgU^ in Swfftx^ Efquire. The faid 
Mannor of cUddmglfigi bith beene in the pofleffion of 
the Ssckvitts above three hundred yeeres^ and at this day 
b part of the inheritance of the Right honourable Edvunrd 
Smckvitt Earle of Dmfft and Baron of Bnckbnrfi ; which 
milism Crow and Anno his wife hath ifliie SscMB CroWy 
their fonne and heire now living. Created Baronet by 
King CAsrlet. 

Hee beareth partie per pale. 
Argent and Gules, a bend 
Counterchang^. This was the 

f roper Coate of our famous 
oet Sir Gooffnj CAsncfr 
Knieht, who was fometime 
Maiter of the Cuftome-houfe 
in Lmdrnty and allyed by 
KMihmne Swnfrrd to Mm of 

lycth buried at fFefhmnBer\ 
his Epitaph being made over him by Mafter NidMrn 
Brigtsm. 




The 



202 



The PraBue of Blai^nry, 




The field is parted per pale 
Gules and Azure three Eigles 
dirplaide Argent J a Labell Or 
for differenccj this Coatc Ar- 
mour pertaincth to Sir K^^t 
Chtt, Knight. 




He beareth Pearle, a Cheve* 
ron SspMrt^ betweenc three 
Squirrels Seiant of the Ruby, 
by the name of L^tvell^ This 
Coate is thus borne by the 
Right Worfliipfull Sir Framif 
Litveli^ Knight, in the County 
of Norfoih. 

This was alfo the Coate of 
Six Thmnas L&veS^ Knight of 
theGartcr,made by King H*»r7 
the fcuenth, of whofe houfe hce was Trcafurer and 
Prefident of the Councell. This Sir TAcfMS Lovell was a 
fift fonne of Sir Ralfh Lovell of Barton BenJi/by in the 
County of Norfolke. This his Coate with the Garter 
about it^ftandethover Lincolnes-Inne-Gate. He Founded 
the Nunnerv of Halltwell (where was alfo his houfe) on 
a wall of which not many yeeres (ince was to be read 
this Infcription. 

AUye Nuns ofHaUiwelly 

Traj ye koth day and ntghty 

For the Soule of Sir Thomas Lovell, 

Whom Harry the feuenth made Knight. 




The PraHice of Blazonry. 203 

It appcareth alfo that Sir WtUlsmLovelly Lord Mmrlev^ 
was Knight of the Garter: for in M^rUy* Church, ^inKorfelke. 
the feate of his Barony, is yet remaining in a glaflfe- 
window (which I have fcene) this Coate, with the Garter 
about it. 

Hce beareth partie per pale 
Azur and GuUs^ over all a 
SMiTy Or, by the name of 
Csgtj and doth rishtly bekmg 
to Sir Ubm Csgt o? Cmmkridp^ 
fbin Knight, of whofe family 
is TpUm CMge of Grayes Inne, 
and Ubm Cmgi of Linoolnei 
Inne, two towardly Gentle- 
men, both fonncs of SieMm 
Cj^ofLondon,younger fonne 
of jinthmy Cmp of London ^ the t^ij Hart his Wife. 
Which Anthwj Cmge was father of Amtbamy CMge father 
of the faid Sir Ubm Cmgt Knight. 

The field is Or, a Cheveron 
betweene ;• Leopards heads, 
Sable. This Coate Armour 
appertaincth to the Family of 
the Wbuhrsy anciently of 
Mmrtmbmffmftrty in Wn-^ 
€9jttrjbir9 ; where for a long 
continuance they enioycd 
their Scate : from whom Sir 
EJmmd Wlmlff cf IU£mg^ 
CmtT, in Bmckhghm^/birt^ is 
lineally defcended; whobetr- 
eth this Coate, difierenced with a Creflant, to (hew that 
he is a fecond Brother. Sir I^bm Fmu (a profound 
Author^ doth give it them in fpedall charge, to entertaine 
this opinion ; that when tbev fee the head of any Beaft 
borne in Armes, they (hould averre that bearing to bee 

moft 



9yJ^ 




204 The PraBice ofBla^onrie. 

moft Honourable ; alleadging this fignificant reafon ; that 
the Bearer durft refolutely encounter his Adverfary, face 
to face : which eave occafion to a Gentleman of this 
Name, and Family, (ftudious in the Secrecies of Armory) 
to aflume for his Mofto : Facie Tenus, which evidently 
difcovereth the minde of the Embleme contained in the 
Charge. 

The interpofition here of this Cheveron, caufeth thefe 
three Heads to be in etk& vnited in one; fudi is the 
efficacy ofan Honourable Ordinary. Some writers affinne 
the Cheveron to be a mechanical] bearing, fit for Car- 
penters, and that by them it was firft borne : which vaine 
conjedure (faith Sir lolm Femt) carryeth as mudi liJceli- 
hood of truth with it, as that a Mmmcb was firft borne 
by a Tayler, becaufe this Craftsman is skilfiill in cutting 
out a Sleeve. Here I cannot but take a juft occafion to 
vindicate the Cheveron, becaufe I have heard this 
Honorable Ordinary vilified by fo many, deferving as 
much, or rather more refpedl, than any of the nine. 
Firftthen, touching the Antiquitieof thisbearing; Writers 
deliver vpon their credit that Fendm King ofMeras^ did 
beare. Gules, a Cheveron Argent, betweene three EftoUes. 
Examples in the Nobility, are pregnant. Gt/f that valiant 
Earle of IFarwieki^ did beare Checquie, Or, and Azure, 
a Cheveron Ermine. Bo^t^ Barom of Stafford^ did beare. 
Or, a Cheveron Gules. The ancient fiimily of the 
Sbeffeildsy bore Argent, a Cheveron between three GmtUs 
Gules. Secondly, the Cheveron, for matter of honourable 
fignification, is not inferiour to any of the reft. For 
fometimes it ftandeth for the Embleme ofan eftablifhed 
faoufe; fometimes for the Hierogliphicke of atchieving 
fome honourable enterprifes. M'. BofweU (in his Armory 
of Honour,)accounteth thefame a truefigne of perfoftion; 
and Sir lohm Feme (in his booke intituled. The glory 
of GeneroCty) refembleth it to a forme of Bataglia 
ranged, and marfhalled, Cheveron-wayes : which in 

this 



The PraHice of Blazonry. 20 f 

this rciped, may properly import fome notable feruice 
done to our Country, in time of warre. This Author 
writing in defence (M^the f^nie. faith, that the Cheveron 
hath beene as ancient an Enelifh bearing, as cither Barre, 
Bend, Pale, FeflFe, or the like : wherefore I queflion not 
but thcfe proofes, and examples, mav be of^fbrce fuffi- 
cient, to induce you to conclude witn me. in behalfe of 
this Honourable Ordinary, Tigmum mm hmhet imhmam^ 
nip ip$$rmitem. 

He beareth Ar|ent,3.pallets 
Gules,over all a Cheveron Or. 
This Coate is thus borne by 
the Right Honourable Sir 
Edwsrd Bmrkhmm Knigh^ late 
Lord Major of the Citie of 
Lmdcm ; who for his care and 
wifdome, in the difcharge of 
his fo high a place, worthily 
meritcth to be ranked with the 
mofl deferuing. 

He beareth Vert, fretted Or, with 
a CrefTant for a difference, by the 
name of fFtitm0rt. This is the 
proper Coate of the Ririit Wor* 
Ihipfull and worthjr Matter Gt$rp 
Wktwttrty at this time one of the 
Sheriflesof the HonouraUe City of 
Ijmdm. Gretue of all colours is laid 
moft to comfort and preferve the 
fight, & naturally ^laddeth the h«ut 
of man ; the earth in ner greatefl p-ide being of this 
colour : fo that Vert and GM are cokwrs mofl gk>rious 
to behold, and to the bearer im|dy JUcbis and Cmmfwt^ 
which I wifh he may not want, being reputed a right 
honefl Gentleman. 

He 




2 o i The PraSice of Bla^nry. 

HebearethFufilie, Ertnlae 
and Sabkj on a chicfe of the 
fecond, three LilJics. This is 
the Coate of Magdalen CoK 
ledge in OxfirJ^ Founded by 
that famous Prelate WtUiam 
de Wamjift^ fimtmed Patten, 
He was borne in U^amflety 
a little town by the Sea in 
* Uncolnjbtre^ Ann^ ^+59- 





Hee beareth Azure, two 
Lions endorfed Or, This is 
an honourable bearing; and 
was {faith Gerrard Lelgi) the 
Co^t^oi Ackillts at the fiedge 
of Troy. 



Hee beareth Pearle, a Fefle be- 
tweene fixe Annulets of the Ruble, 
by the name of Latcas. This Coate 
belongeth vnto Matter Thomas 
Lucas of Colchefievy in the Countie 
of EJfex^ Efquire, latelv deceafed. 
This worthy Gentleman was 
much to be commended in the 
education of his children, fparing 
neither coft nor diligence to ftir- 
nifli them with the beft and moft commendable Qualities. 
1 know not (I fpeake freely) whether not onely Effex^ 

but 




The PraHice of Bla^^onrie. 207 

but Emglmtdy can fliew a young Gentleman of fifteene 
yceres of agc^ more acoomplifhed every way then Maftcr 
Ubm iMcm^ his fonnc, now his fuccellor, who not onely 
vnderftandeth and fpeaketh the Latinc, French, Italian, 
and is well entred into the Spanifli, a good Logician, 
playeth his part on the VioU, Daunceth, rldeth a srcat 
Horfe admirable well, yet never travelled, or faw Vni- 
verfitie : but by his father for the languages, and the dili- 
gence of Mailers in other qualities, Imirm ammfiiios fmn§tis^ 
herein he hath attaincdforhisyecres to no meane perfedlion. 
And if hereto perfonage, carriage and good demeanour 
may adde ought, I thinke him fecond to none of his ue 
and ranke whatloever. I fpeake the more liberally, for 
that I fee great numbers of our hopefuU Gentry, to fpend 
many yceres abroad in fhiitleflle travaile, returning for the 
moft part worfe then they went, and to wafte much time 
and nx>ney to no end in the Vniverftties, which it had 
beene better for fome they had never feene. 

Hee bcareth Ermine, a bend 
Gules, cotizcd Or, by the name 
of Itmmey. It is a faire and an 
ancient Coate, the field being 
Ermine, it is cftcemed the 
richer : the Duke of Britmmtt 
Coatc bccing onely Ermine, 
without any ether charge, is 
eftcemed one of the faireft 
bearings of Europe. And for 
that the Lord Si^tichis defcendcd 
from the Dukes of Britme^ hee bcareth with his 
Bcafants a Canton Ermine. This Coate is borne (though 
with a difference) by Matter Arthur Itmmey, Efquire, a 
Gentleman in his owne worth anfwcring every way the 
goodnefle of his Coate. 




He 




20S 



The ProBice of Bla^rie. 

He bcarttii Or, aLtcm Ram- 
ptQt Smble^mrmed and langtied 
GtiJcs, bctwccoc three Flower* 
dc-luccs Azure, by the name 
of FMjrtclmigk, TTiis is an 
zndcnt Familf in the Coimtie 
of Iri*w^tf/<r, whence the Faire^ 
iiamgkti of Wtfim in Hertfrrd* 
Jbht^ and thofe of Bedfmfjbifw 
derive thcmfelvcs^ m alio 
my felie and mj brother 
Maftcr Bs^kard Ftatham of Levtrt^^ io H^Uamd^ in the 
Countle of Umaine^ our mother being of the fame name 
and Family, A GcotJcman of this houfc was Standard- 
bearer vnto the Lord Stanley at the battell of Bpfw^fh^ 
who came with his Lawc^irf Forces to the aide of the 
Earle of Kcbmamd^ who next under God was aflurcdly 
the meanes of gaining that day. 




m 


t X 


M 





tered by Matter Henry 
Countie of Norfolke^ Efquire. 



Hee beareth quarterly in the 
firft quarter GuJes; a Salteir 
betweene fbure Croflets Fitches 
Silver, by the name oSBramptom 
of Brampton. The fecond Ermin 
a chiefe endented Gules, by the 
name of Broome ; the third as 
the fecond, the fourth as the 
firft. Either of thefe Coates are 
ancient, and borne thus quar- 
Brampton of Blo^Norton^ in the 



Hee 





The praHtce of BiaT^onrie. 209 

Hcc bcarcth Or, a Dolphinc ha- 
riant Azure; if hcc ftood in Fcflc 
he were naiant or fwimming ; the 
Dolphinc is to be reckoned among 
thofe Creatures which are ^cA^- 
0/Mava, or friendly to man. For 
hec will follow a lliip at Sea nuny 
leagues^ to enioy the fisht of men. 
Our painters commonly draw him 
crookc*d and bending, when he is 

as ftraieht a Fifli ts anv other. Hce is borne (of thefe 

colours) naiant by the Dolphinc of Frmmee. 

He beareth Gules, three 
Keycs Silver betwcene as many 
Flower-de-luces, Or : had the 
field becne Axitrt^l would have 
fuppofcd it to have been the 
Armcs of fomc great City or 
port Towne in France -^ thofe 
kcycs tx>rne as a figne of the 
great truft they were put in, 
and as a rcmeinbrancc of their 
fidelity. 

I Ice bcarcth empaled, the 
firll Argent on a bend Gules 
cotizcd Sable, ). wings cm- 
paled of the firft /with a mullet 
for a dificrcnce) by the name 
of H'imgfielJyXhc fccond pcarle 
betwcene three TalboLs paf- 
fant of the Diamond, a Chc- 
vcron of the Rubv, by the 
name of TslhH. 1 giuc you 
more inllanccs of empale- 
p mcnts : 






212 The praBice of BlaT^onrie. 

Hebeareth^r^fli/; aCheve- 
ron Azure betweene j. Tny^ 
finks Vert. The Trcyfoilc is 
the Herald oFthe Spring, and 
the firft gralle that appeareth ; 
hereupon it was the Embleme 
of Hope, For Hofe anciently 
was painted like a young and 
a beautifull child of a fweet & 
fmiling countenance, {bind- 
ing on tiptoe, in a long and 
wide robe of white and greene, with a Treyfbilc in the 
hand ; the tender age fliewcth die Infancy cf Hope; the 
fmiling cheere, thefweetnes and pleafure fhe apprehendeth 
in her thoughts; ftandL^ on tiptoe, fheweth her vn- 
certaintie and vnfteadinefte : the long and wide robe de- 
clarcth, flice never pinchcth or bindeth her conceit, but 
alloweth her imagination the largeft fcope : the Trdbile 
fignifieth,it is alwayes fpring with her, whofe colours white 
and greene, fliee is dad in. 

He beareth Gules,three Fer. 
maulx Or by the name of Ganr- 
tof^y the Buckle is a bearing 
both ancient and honourable, 
not onely with vs here in 
England^ but alfo in Fr^mce. 

Witnefle the Coate Armour 
of Lewes fire de GrawUey mGm 
Grrardvlle Admirall of B'amce^ 
Anno 14.8;. which is the fame 
which Gunton beareth, the 
French deriving the word Femuuilx from firmtu doe 
thereby declare the nature and office of the Buckle, it 
being the true Embleme of Fidelity and Conftancy, and 
Mars keeping the Field may coniovnd properly import 
fome trufty fervice in the time of Warre. 

He 




Of Exercife of the Body. 



ai3 






Hcbcareth Azure, two Crcf- 
fents in chiefc. Or, and one in 
biTe Silver. I know not the 
owner of this Coate, onely I 
found (it) in a Church in 
Brs^Mwt^ and for the raritv, 

{for fcldome haue I feene the 
ilce) placed it here to conclude 
the reft. 



Chap. XVI. 

Of Exercife of the body. 

I Now from your private ftudy and contemplation, 
bring you abroad into the open fields, for exercife of 
your B(xly, by fome honeft recreation, (ince ArifhiU 
requireth the lame in the Education of Nobilitv and all 
youth, fince the mind from the Ability of the Body 
nthercth her ftrength and vigor. Anciently by the > l. s^'mig, 
CiviU Uw thefe kinds of Exerdfes were oncly altowed ^f'^^'^'' ^ 
of, that is vvyyiax^ fturicoff, hp6iwf^ htaXiia^ wiXiit and which 
arcthe exercife of Armcs by fmgle combatc, as running at 
Tilt-barriers', &&Coiting, throwing the hammer,fle&c, 
and fuch like, Runninfi;9 jumping, leaping, and laltly 
wrcftlinff : for the firft, it is the moft Noble, tbofe £{»- 
thites of Inox^l^ ^^ ln<(5ii|Aor, have beene the attri- of Horfrman- 
butesof Kings and Princes, whofe delight in ancient times f^?' 
was to ride and mannage great borfcs. Hereby you are 
ennabled for command, and the fervice of your Coun- 
trey. And what, faith nff/, can be more glorious, then 
to bee able to preferue and fuccour our Oxintry, when 
ihcc hath neede of our heipe ? It is the onely Com- 

' btrrians, itfjf, t66%. 

mendation 




of Exercife of the Body, 

mcfidatLotl that Sa/nfi gives to lugitrth^ *w&q did m^t (faith 
he) pve blmftife over to he corrupted hjt SUath imd Ritrt (as 
many of our Gdlants now adaycs doe) hm s$ it k thf 
cttfiome &fthat Natitm^ cxercifcd himfclfc by riding, tlirow- 
ing the dart^ and ninmng with his equals : and though 

L tt_j-it -^t.-^:- iu^ '-eight of gbry^notwithlla riding 

dovcd of all men. Sec* Aad 
f riding fo much^ and hereby 
Ilj that laying bis hands behind 
t to his full carreer^ make him 
c or ditchj and ftop him^ put 
,ke. And M^im after he had 
, and fburefcore yecres of age^ 
2 the field of Mars with the 
K.oniane youvu, j \ them to handle their weapon, 

to ride, &c. TU ^-^ o did P&wpey even to his lall 

expedition. And yirglU fpeaking (I take it) of the Spartan 
youth, faith: 

Venatu invigilant pueri^ fylvapjue fatigant^ 
FleSere ludus etjuos^ (T^icula tendere camu^ &c. 

And at this day it is the onely exercife of the Itmlian 
Nobility, efpecially in Naples^ as alfo of the French ; and 
great pitty, that it is no more pradifed among our Englifli 
Gentry, 
of Tilting and Running at the tilt is a generous and a Martial! exoF- 
Torneamemi. ^jf^^ by^ hazardous and full of danger; for many hereby 
(euen in fportj have loft their lives, that I may omit Kenry 
the French King, with many other princes and noble 
perfonages of whom Hiftory is full. 
Gmi»VMctr^9 Tilting and Torneaments were invented by MawviU 
in I. dt re*. Qomnenus Emperour of CmfiantinopUy as faith Nscetss^ 
"Jt^Toy^"' who wrote about the yeare 1114. Before his time wee 
read not any where that this exercife was ufed under the 
Romane Empire. 

The i^mtNicetas reporteth of folcmne luftes or Tornea- 
ments which the faid Manvstt Camnenus fhowed vnto the 

JLatines 



I 



Of Exercije of the Body. 2 1 j 

Latlnes at Antiochj what time they went to make warrc 
in the hdy land ; for the Latines making a brave fhew 
in their rich Armour well horfed with their Lances, 
and prefenting themfelvcs before the Emperour, the 
Emperour to fhew them that the Graecians were nothing 
inferiour unto them in bravery or courage, appointed 
a day when they and the Latines (for the glory of either 
Empire) fliould fo many to fo many, and with lances 
without points, encounter cither, bravely mounted, and 
made one of the number with his Graccians ; who, faith 
Nicetdiy fo bravely carryed himfelfo, that he vnhorfed 
two Latine Commanders, calling them from the faddle 
to the ground. 

In our launccs now adaycs (of what wood foever they 
arc made of) there is nothing fo much danger ass^hato 
bcene in times pad : neither m our modeme pradtce of 
warre have they almoft any vfe at all. The Prince of 
Oramge hath abandoned theni, having not a Launce in his 
whole Army, but hath Carbines in their roome. S^wU 
hath fome troopes of them, yet not many, as I obferved. 
Thofc of Shertogtm-Ufcb under GfUemdtmckt^ areefteemcd 
the beft horfe Spin9ls hath. 




fowelll 

or a Princes guard : neither have I read or heard of any 
Prince or Gencrall commended for wreftling, faue £/4- 
mmomdsi Acbmst^ the lall Grand Signeur and Emperour 
of Twrkj^ who tooke great delight in throwing the 
hammer, and was fo ftrong that hee overthrew his ftouteft 
iMMtzsrieSy there being reared in CmBmmtinfU for one 
extraordinary caft, which none couU come neere, two 
great Pillars of marble. 

Running and Agility of Body have beene efteemed of mnning. 
moft commendable in the greateft Princes and Com- 
manders that ever lived; and the oU Kmmsmes (next 
after triall made of their ftrength,and view of their limmes 
and perfon) chofe their fouldicrs by running, for it is 

an 



•Tn rtm tliP 

hli V«yct, h9 
would vHnllr 

« 1^1 KfiiMfmr 
r^ki (Wit t« 

iM hti|Kt cii 



Of If aping. 



Of fwimming. 



I.iv. lik. 1. 
7>«r4W. I. 



%i6 Of Exercije &f the Barfy^ 

tn old cuftomc among them, to afkult the raenif 
manlng all dole together in grofle to the charge-. A 
Csfsr tds vs that ilmkcs arc furcr laid oa^aod the TcxildicfS 
rmdc more nimble ajvd ready in running tod by xnotkio. 
lUmir gave AM tie t (which perhaps fomc of our grest 
fcathcrcdGalJtnt'iwoulddifdainc,yethaply better dcicnrc) 
the epithitc of wKVJTout or fwift^footcd. And * jtiexMmder 
wc retde excelled all his Court in ninniDg. Sertmrim % 
brave Comtnandcr under C^fat^ could nimbly nuioc i^ 
the nioit itccpe Mountaines, leape broken and vnpa^Ocabie 
Rockcs^ and like invious places; iafomuch as MefeBm 
being fcnt with a powerftiU Army againft bim^ he knew 
neither where to find him, nor how to come hf him, by 
reaiunafhis nimble fiwtmanfiup. Thereupon he tait 
hilt Colleague F&mpff^ who being by Sertprimt overtbrownc 
at the hrlt cn(.x:>u titer, escaped very narrowly^ for being 
unhorlVd, and having received a great wound, wiilk the 
fuiildiers iHctc buiied m ft riving, fome for his horfc, others 
for the mtift rich furniture (his caparifon, bridle^ faddJe, 
Itirrops, being in t manner all of gold, and fhining 
with precious ftones of ineftimable valew) watching his 
opportunity, by fwiftnede of fbote efcaped from them all, 
and returned lafe to his quarter. 

Leaping is an exercife very commeadable, and healths 
full for the body, efpedallv if you vfe it in tiie morniag^ 
as we read AUxMndtr znd EpamimoMJiH did. Vpon a full 
ftomacke or to bedward, it is very dangerous, and in no 
wife to be exercifed. 

The skill and art of fwimming is alfo very requifite in 
everv Noble and Gentleman, elpecially if he looketh for 
employment i n the wa r r es, for hereby (beudcsthe preferving 
of his owne life vpon infinite occafions,) he may many 
waycs annoy his enemy. Horstim Codes oncly by the 
benefit of fwimming faved his countrey, for when him- 
felfe alone had long defended and made good tiie Bridge 
over Tyter againft the Hetrufcans^ the Romanes brake it 
downe behind him, wherewith, in his Armour he caft 

himfelfe 



of Exercife of the Body. 217 

himfelfc into the River^ and (notwithdanding a fliower 
of Darts and Arrowcs were fcnt after him) iwam with 
fafctie into the Citie, which rewarded him with a Statue 
ereded in the Market place, and as much land as hee could 
encompafle with a plough in a day. 

And as defperate was the attempt of a number of i^Mvmr^ 
Gentlemen in the firft C^rthmpmmu warre, who leaping 
in a night from the hatches of their Ships into the Sea, 
bjr maine force thruft and drew the CMrthaginsMu Ships 
into the haven, and delivered them to Lj^Mtim their 
General!. 

And as refolute was that attempt (no whit inferiour to 
the former) of Gtrrmrd and Harvey^ two Gentlemen of 
our owne Nation, who in eightie eisht in the fight at Sea, The nCdutv 
fwam in the night time, and pierced with Awgcrs, or fuch •<'wn«u«'« «f 
like inllruments, the fides of the Spanifli Gallions^ and )^in gg. 
returned backe fafe to the Fleete. 

ScitvlM^ a man of inedimable courage, and who came 
with Cdfsr in his expedition for BritMtne^ after hee had 
made ^xxl a whole day together, a mightie Rocke or 
paflage againft the Bntsimety in Uie night time kxiden 
with double Armcs and an heauy fhield, caft himfelfc into 
the deepe, and fwam fafe to Cfftr and his Fleete. 

Neitner is it to be wondred at, that the Rmumes were 
fo skilfuU in fwimminff, for they were daily cxercifed in 
the fame after their odier cxerafes, and had a {dace in 
the River of 7>ifr appointed vnto them for the fame 
purpofe, adioyning to the field of Mmrs ; and another of 
great depth, rough and full of whirlpits on purpofe, to 
exercife their hones in. 

Shooting alfo is a very hcalthfull and commendable oTOioocifig. 
recreation for a Gentleman ; neither doe I know any 
other comparable vnto it for ftirring every part of the 
body : for it openeth the breaft and pipes, exercifeth the 
armcsan^eete, withlefle violence, then running, leaping, 
&c. Herein was the Emperour Dmmtimm fo cunning, that 
let a Boy a good diftance off hoM vp his band, and itretch 

bis 



/ an^iu4, lib. l. 
Epifl. S9' 
QuercttAn in 
Didtgtict peijf- 
hUf.ftti. 1. 

C4lp. I I . 



2 1 8 of Exercije of the Body. 

his fingers abroad, hee would flioote thorow the fpaces 
without touching the Boyes hand, or any finger. 

And Ci>mmodm (faith Herudhn) had fo goode an ayme^ 
that he would fixe on the brow of a Deere two fliatts as 
evenly^ and fpreadlog in diftaace, as if they had becnc 
his owne homes- 

But for the further excellence of this Excrdfe of 
Shooting, I refcrre you to that excellent bookc of M'* 
-4^fi^wf J, intituled rit^^f^/lj/Zwr^ wherein you fball findewhat- 
focver is rcquifite to be knowne of a compleatc Archer* 

Hawking and Hunting are recreations very commend- 
able and befitting a Noble or Gentlemia to exercife; 
Hunting efpeciaily, which KtHaphon commendeth to his 
Cyrm^ calling it a gift of the Gods, beflowed firft ypon 
Chirm for his vprightnefle in doing lullice, and by him 
tabght vnto the old Hemes ana Princes ; by whofc 
vcrtue and prowefle (as enabled by this exercife) their 
Countries were defended, their fubjed:s and innocents 
preferred, luftice maintained. For there is no one 
exercife that enableth the body more for the warre, then 
Hunting, by teaching you to endure heatc, cold, hunger, 
third ; to rife early, watch late, lie and fare hardly : and 
Eufehius is of opinion, that wilde beafts were of purpofc 
created by God, that men by chafing and encountring 
them, might be fitted and enabled for warlike exerdfes. 
Hereupon Alexander^ Cyrus ^ and the old Kings ofPerfs^ 
employed themfelves exceeding much hcrein,not to pur- 
chafe Venifon and purvey for the belly, but tomaintaine 
their ftrength, and preferve their health, by encreafing and 
ftirring vpthe naturallheate within, which doth and fitting 
ftill waftes and decaies : to harden the bodies by labour 
againft the enemy ; and withall, to fearchout the natures 
of wilde beafts, which knowne, thcv might leaue the 
fame recorded to their pofteritie, Andthefamous Phyfitian 
^iuercetan^ above all other exercifes commendeth this as 
moft healthful, and keepeth the body found and free from 
difeafes. 

The 



of Exercife of the Body. 219 

The old Lord Gray (our £ngli(h Achilles) when hcc 
was Deputie of Irtland^ to inure nis fonnes for the warre, 
would vfually in the depth of Winter, in froft, fnow, rainc 
and what weather foever fell, caufe them at midnight to 
be raifed out of their beds, and carried abroad on hunting 
till the next morning ; then perhaps come wet and cold 
home, having for a breakefaft, a browne loafe and a 
mouldie Chcefe, or (which is ten times worfc^ a difli o^ 
Irifli Butter : and in this manner the Spartaus and Lacamimms 
dieted, and brought vp their children, till they came vnto 
mans eftate. 

Hawking was a fport vttcrly vnknowne to the ancients, 
as BlondinMt and P. lowtu in the fecond booke of his 
Hiftory, where he entreateth of the Mmfcovltljb affaires, 
witneiTcth ; but was invented and iirft pradtifed by Frider-^ 
id Bsrtarcjpi^ when he befieged Rome : yet it appearcth 
by FirmicMt^ that it was knowne twelve nundred yeeres ^'- fi'miau 
fincc, where he fpeaketh of Falconers, and teachers of '•*■ ^* '^^ '• 
other Birds : and indeed beyond him, I thinke it can no 
where be found that Falconry was knowne. There have 
beene many who have written of Falconry : Frtdericke 
the fecond, Emperour of Germamy (whom MelmmSbm MffsmShm 
worthily commendeth, and equalleth to the ancient ^^'J'^'^'*' 
Heroes, for his many victories atchieved by his valour : -^ ** ^ '* 
his skill in all learning, being able to fpeake foureteene 
feverall languages: his libcralitie, magnificence, aflFabili- 
tie, mildnefle, &c. infomuch, that in him alone, faith he, 
ended and dyed the remainder of ancient Majeftie) wrote 
hereof two excellent bookes, which leaMm Camersrim 
(having by him the firft Copie in a Manufcript) publiflied 
together with a Treatife of AlUrtm Magftm^ of the nature 
of Hawkes, and printed it at NorimU^ge. BnJ^tm hath Bmdmi ir t»w. 
alfo written a large Difcourfe of Hunting and Hawking, '•^^ -rf«nf«. 
part whereof is annexed to the latter end of Hemry 
Eftienufs French and Latine Dictionary : in Englifh, 
Mailer Blumde^Ales booke is the beft that I know. 

By the Canon Ijno Hawking was forbidden vnto 0^^ ^ '■ 

Clergie"^*- 



EpMmenp, 3. 
44. Extr. it 
Cleric* V0uu§rt, 



Vo/dtteran. 
7. antiefn, 
Jovim in 
BsmdU, 



iib. 



2 20 Of Exercife of the Body. 

Clergy men, as afterward Hunting, by reafon the exen. 
cife and inilruments wherewith beaits are flaine, are 
military, and not fo well agreeing (as they give the r^ifbn) 
with fpirituall warfarre : but I cannot fee but that they 
^any of them being great Princes, and pillars of the 
Church, daily employed and prefled with the weight o£. 
State affaires) may have their recreations as well as others. 
But to prevent their paftime, there is fuch an order taken 
with their Parkes, that many of our beft Bifhoprickes can 
now adayes fcarce (hew one of ten, or twenty. NorwfcA 
had thirtecne Parkes, and of all other was mcft iniuftly 
dealt withall. If they had taken away twelve and left 
the odd ' one, it had beene indifferent ; but to rob the 
Church of all, was more then too much. 

But as we allow not altogether that fevere education 
of the old Spartimes in their children, hazarding many 
times the healths of young and tender bodies, 1^ fome 
tedious ague ; yea, alio their lines, by the mifchanceof a 
leape or mimbling of their horfe : fo as much doe I deteft 
that efKxminacy of the moft, that bume out day and night 
in their beds, and by the fire fide ; in trifles, gamii^, or 
courting their yellow Miftrefles all the Winter in a City; 
appearing but as Cuckoes in the Spring, one time in tne 
yeere to the Countrey and their tenants, leaving the care 
of keeping good houfesatChriftmas,to the honeft Yeomen 
of the Countrey. 

Some againe are fo intent on their pleafure that they 
never care for keeping within, as fometime was Mitbri- 
dates ^ that it is reported of him ; For f even yeares ^Mce 
together he never came within houfe^ neither in City nor in 
the Countrey. And Bamahy Vifcount of MiUant^ was fo 
carried away with the love of Hunting, that hee made a 
Law; whofoever ihould kill anv wild Boare, or had 
killed any in five yeares before that nis Statute wasenaAed 
(contrary unto ancient Edid) or were privy to the eating 
of any at any Gentlemans Table, fliould be imprifoned 

* old 1634^ i6^x. 

and 



of J^eputatiOfij and Carriage. 221 

and tortured after a grievous manner. Befide, hee 
afflided the Countrey marveiloufly, by difperfing many 
tboufands of Doggoi to be kept and brought up in 
viilages and among the Paifants, to their infinite trouble cktftm^^at. 
anddiarge. Maiomet^ fonnt to yimmrdti^ on the coatrzryy '«^*7- 
when he made warre in CsramMmay turned out of fervice 
700. of his fatliers Faulconers, and caufcd as manv of old 
huntfmen to follow Armes, and his Campe, in ftead of 
the kennell. 

Chap. XVII. 

Of J^eputatiofiy and Carriage in generaU. 

THere is no one thing that fetteth a fairer ftampe 
vpon Nobility then evenneilc of Carriage^ and care 
of our Reputation, without which our moft graccfull 
gifts are dead and dull, as the Diamond without ms foilc : 
for hereupon as on the fiootiijpice of a magnificent Pallace, 
are fixed the eyes cf all pafllei^ers, and hereby the heigth 
of our ludgcments (even our fclves) is taken ; according 
to that of the wifcman, Bygmtty Imnghier^ mmd mffmrtUy m 
wum k km0vm§ vfist he «r. Wherefore I call it the Crowne E^if^^k. 
of good parts, and loadftone of regard. The prindpall 
meanes to preferve it^ is TemferMmce, and that Mederstim . 
of the mind, wherewith as a bridle we curbe andbrcake [ 
our ranke and unruly Paflkxis. keejHng as the Cmj^tm > 
Sea, our fel ves ever at one heigth without ebbe or refluxe. 
And albeit true it is that Gmlen faith, we are commonly 
beholden for the difpofition of our minds, to the Tem- 
perature of our bodies, yet muchi^ethin ourpowcrtokecpe 
that fount from empoifonin£, by taking heed to our 
fclves ; and as good Cardinal! ?—le once laid, to corrcft 
the malignitie of our Starres, with a fcoood birth. For 
certainefy under grace^ it is the roote of our Reputation 
and honeft Fame ; without the which, as one laith, tor 
MTt desd Img kffnt nm mrt imrjtd. 

For Moderation of tibe mind and affcAions, which is 

the 



22 2 Of ^eputa tmn^ a nd Ca rrmge* 

the Ground of all Huncfty, 1 muft give you that prime 
receipt the kingly prophet doth to a youog man^ tt aching 
him whcrewitli to ckaafe his way, that is, by keeping, 
Ptil 1 IS- 9- faith he (oh Lord) thy ftatutes^meaaing the fcarc of God 
in general], without which (lice ever farft ilriking at the 
head) our ludgements are depravcdjand left to ourfelvea, 
we arc not able to give any thing his true cileeme and 
value. Therefore firft to be truly Honcft is to bcc 
truly ReligiouSjfor if thefcare of men be a great motive 
to keepe our felves within compane, much more will the 
feare of God recall vb from our luib and intemperance* 
Hereby the mind gelteth the dominion and uppcrhand, 
<«lfely governing that goodly Kingdome Nature hath 
allotted her. And if it was fumctime laid of FaS/iVy Cttrir 

how heedmlly ought a Chriftian, who carrycth the 
lanterne in his hand^ lookc to his feetc, when an Heathen 
could goe fo dirci^ly in the darke, onely by theglimpfc 
of Nature, and without tumbling? 

Moreover fince the Civill end of our life is, vt m bonare 
cum dignitatt vivamus^ you ihall withall find good learning 
and the Arts to conferre a great helpe and furtherance 
hereunto, being a polilher of imbred rudenefle and our 
infbrmlty, and a curer of many difeafes our minds are 
fubieft vnto : for we leame not to begge to our felves 
admiration from other, or boaftingly to lay to view fo 
rich and pretious furniture of our minds, out that wee 
may be vfefiill to others, but firft to our felves; leaft 
(as fome pretious receipt) while wee keepe that in 
a boxe which can cure another, our felves lye lame and 
difeafed. 

The firft vfe then hereof (I mcanc your learning,) as 

an Antidote againft the Common plague of our times, 

. let it confirme and perfwade you, that as your under- 

\ ftanding is by it ennobled with the richeft dowry in the 

world, 10 hereby learne to know your owne worth and 

value, and in choice of your companions, to entcrtaine 

thoTe 



Of J{eputation^ and Carriage. iii 

thofe who arc Rcli|iou8 and learned : for as I faid here* 
toTore, converfe of old was the mother of skill and all 
vertuous endeavours, fo fay I now, of all vice and bafenes, 
if regard be not had. Therefore hold friendfliip and I 
acquaintance with few, and thofe I oould wifh your betters, 
at the leaft of your owne ranke, but endeare your felfe to 
none ; gdudetis mnusy mhAs doUUs. The bHcft Natures 
I know delight in popularity, and are pliable to company- 
keeping, but many times buy their acquaintance at over 
deare a rate, by being drawne either into bafe Anions 
and Places of which they are afliamed for euer after ; or 
to needlefle expenoe bv laying out or lending to inipor. 
tunate bafe and fhameleflc companions, nining lone of 
their monies, time, forrow, and eriefe of mends, the dif- 
repute of the better fort, and laftly contempt of the vileft 
among the Common vulgar. 

Antioihut Efifhmesy iGng of AfiAy for his popularity ^ffcnuw /•». / . 
and delight in company, was fu'-named the Mmdx and ^i^* . 
likewife for the fame, A/pitu CUuditu was deprived of ^'•*~''*»^- 
his Office, and fearine befide (hame the hatred of the 
Senate, counterfeiting olindnefle, for ever after kept him- 
felfe at home. We rcade alfo of a certaine King of the 
G§tbtSy who making his Souldiers his drinking compa* ot, m^trw 
nions, was for his free and kind heart at the laft drowned /^. 7- •^f 7- 
by them in a Tub of Ale. 

Nor miilake me that I fwcrve fo much on this fide, 
that I would deny a Prince or Gentleman the benefit of 
difcourfe and converfe with the meaneft : for Majefty 
and greatnelTe cannot alwayes ft and fo bent, but that it 
muft have the lemiflion and relaxation fometime to 
defccnd from the court to the cott:^e,which cannot choofe 
but give it the better tafte and relliln. ^i/rrinrtheEmperoiir t,^^ m, c. 
would moft curtcoufly conferre with the meaneft, detcfting ^f^- '< 
thofe his high minded Courtiers, who under a colour *■''•*■■ 
of preferving his Eftatc and honour, envyed him this 
fwcetnefte of humility and privacy. Ve^m^Mu in like x^/imm, 
manner was wont not onely to falute thechiefe Senators 

o^ 









LuJn/ic. Vhftt, 



Ih Emblem, 



224 Of J^puta tiBtt^ and Carrsage^ 

of Jfoiwfj but even private men, inviting them many times 
to dine and iiippe with him, himfelfe againe going vnto 
their houfcs. Phihpmmen was ib cairteaus and went fo 
plaine^thtt iiis Hoftefle in Mcgera tooke him for a Serving- 
man- And certainly this Affabilitie and curtefic in 
Greatnefle, draweth our eyes like flowers in the Spring, 
to beholdj and with admiration to louc it wbereibevcr 
we find it. 

There is no better figne (faith one) in the world of a 
good and vertuous difpoiition, then when a Prince or 
Gentleman maketh choice of learned and vertuous men 
for his companions ; forprefently bee is imagined to bee 
fuch a one as thofe to whom hce joyncth himfeLfc : yea 
faith Arift^fh^ it is a kindc of vertuous cxcrdfc to bcc 
converfant with good and vnderftanding men. 

Whom then you fiiall entertaine into the clofet of 
your brcft, firft found their Religion; then looke into 
their Lives and Carriage, how they have beene reckoned 
of others ; Laftly, to their Qualitie how or wherein they 
may be vfefuH vnto you, whemer by advice and CounfeU, 
diredion, helpe in your Studies,or lerviceablencfle in your 
exerdfe and recreations. 

There is nothing more miferable them to ivant the 
Counfell of a friend^ and an admonl/ber in time ofneede: Wliich 
hath beene and is daily the bane of many of our young 
Gentlemen, even to the vtter ruine of themfelves and 
their poftcritie for ever. Who when like Aiciates figtree 
vpon the high and inacceffible Rocke, they are out of 
reach and cannot be come vnto by men who would drefle 
and preferve them ; efpied a-farre oflF are onely preyed 
vpon and haunted by Vultures and Dawes : and while 
one addeth fewell to the fire of his expence, for the which 
he is like to pay twentie for two, at twcntie and one j 
another footheth him in play (knowing the bcft fifliing is 
in troubled waters); another tendrcthhim a matchof light 
ftuflfe : all at once preying for themfelves, thefe greenc 
things of i(J or i8 are quite devoured before they are 
ripe. Where- 



d 



of l{eputation and Carriage. 2 2 y 

Wherefore I muft next commend vnto you Frugality^ of Fragalicic. 
the Mather ofvertues^ a vertuc which holdeth her owne, Ulim», 
layeth out profitably, avoidcth idle expences, fuperfluitic, 
lavifli beftowing or giving, borrowing, buildine, and the 
like : yet when reafon rtquircth can be royally bountiful], 
a vertuc as reauifitc in a Noble or Gentleman, as the care 
of his whole Eftate, and prefervation of his name and 
pofteritie ; yet as greatly wanting in many, as they come 
ihort of the reputation and entire Eftates of their fore- 
fathers, who account thrift the objedl of the plow or 
Shop, too bafe and vnworthy their confideration, while 
they impofe their fairc Eftates and moft important 
buimcfle, vpon a cheating Steward or craftie BailifFe, who 
in few yccres (like the young Cuckow)are ready todevoure 
their feeder ; and themfelvcslikc flcepy Pik>ts, having no 
eye to the Compafle, or founding their Eftates, arc runne 
on ground ere they be aware. 

Firft then, afloonc as you fliall be able, looke into your 
Eftatc, labouring not oncly to confcrvc it entire, but to 
augment it cither by a wife fore-thought, marriage, or by 
fomc other thriftic mcanes : and thinke the more yee 
are laden with abundance, the more (like a vine) yee have 
neede of props, and your foundcft friends to advife jou. 
Neither doc I imagine you will bee fo rafli as to eive no 
care to good counfcll, to your Aiine, as C^r/irr did, when 
he refufed abookeof a pooreScholler, wherein the intended 
plot againft him was difcovercd. 

Mmtcus CatOy who u*as fo viittorious in warre, fo pru- 
dent in peace, fo ekxjuent in the Oratory, learned in the 
lawcs, negleded not therel>y his cftate, but looked, as 
Livie faith of him, euen into his husbandry himfelfe : and 
Fhtarch writcth of Fhilopmmemy a great and famous rimtsnkm 
Commander, that notwithllanding his great affaires and w»'t»'^- 
employments, hee would every morning bee ftirring by 
breakc of day, and either to drefling of his vines, digging 
or following nis pk>w : and Cicero to heighthen the Honour 
of King Deiotarmy rcporteth thus of him, iw Deiotarefimt o;.^ D^itsm, 

rCACMAM Q '^P^ 






rlutain^ in 



The modedy 
and humilicie 
of Charies the 
fifth. 



2 25 Of l^epii tation and Ca triage. 

pf^dpue fn^iarif ^ admtr^nda jrugMlit^. Aod the H^mamtf 
had a Jaw, Hce who could not Icxjkc mtohis owne eilitc, 
and imploy his land to the bcft, fliould forfeit the ^^m^^ 
and be held ibr a fbo!c or a mad man all his lli^ after. 
Ar'ifitdti^ albeit he was an excellent man othcrwiie, yet 
herein he was fo careleHe, tliat at his death he neither 
left portion for his daughters, nor fo much as would carry 
him to the ground, and defray the charge of his funcrill. 
Be tliriftie alfo in your apparclJ and clothing, leaft you 
incurrc the ccnfurc of the moft grave and wifeft cenfar, 
CMi magfga corporis ci/ltuf curaj ei magna virtuth matrtM : and 
Hmry the fourth, Idt King of France of eternal! memonr, 
would oftentimes mcrily fay, By the out fide oncly^ he 
could found the depth of a Courtier : faying^ Who had 
Icaft in them made the laireft fhew without^ inviting 
refpeit with go)d-!ace and great feathers^ which will not 
be wonne with toycs. Neither on the contrary^ be fo 
bafely parfimonious or frugall, as is written of one of 
the Kings of France^ in whofe accounts in the Efchcquer 
are yet remaining, Item fo much for red Satten to fleeve 
the Kings old Doublet : Item a halfe-penny for liquor for 
his Bootes, and fo forth- Or to bee knownc by a Hat or 
a Doublet ten or twentieycercs^ then with fome miierable 
Vfurcr curfe the maker for the flight neflc of his felt or 
ftufFc, murmuring it will not laft to fee the Revolution 
of the Firfi Moover, But vfmg that moderate and middle 
^ garbe, which (hall rather leflen then make you bigger then 
you are ; which hath beene, and is yet obferved by our 
greatcft Princes, who in outfide goe many times inferiour 
to their Groomes and Pages. That glory and Champion 
of Chriftendome Charles the fift, would goe (except in 
times of warre) as plaine as any ordinary Gentleman, 
commonly in blacke or fad ftuflre, without lace or any 
other extraordinary coft ; onely his Order of the golden 
Fleece about his necke in a ribband : and was fo naturally 
frugally not out of parfimony (being the moft bountifuil 

minded 



of l{eputation and Carriage. 227 

minded Prince that ever lived) that as Gmed^rMnt report- 
eth of him, if any one of his points had chanced to breake^ 
he would tye it of a knot and make it ferue againe. And 
I have manj times feene his excellence the Prince of 
Orange that now is, in the field, in his habitc as plaine 
as any Country Gentleman, wearing commonly a fuite 
of haire coloured (light ftu£Fe, of filke, a plaine gray doake 
and Hatt, with a greene feather, his hatband onely ex- 
ceeding rich. And Amhrofe SfmoU General! for the Arch- 
duke, when hec lav in WeafiU^X, the taking of it in, one 
would have taken him, but for an ordinary merchant in 
a plaine fuite of blacke. And the plainenefTe of the late 
Duke ofNerfflke derogated nothing from his Efteeme. The Duke of 
So that you fee what a pitifiill Ambition it is, to ftrive to *W^^- 
be firft in a fafliion,and a poorepride tofeeke youreftceme 
and regard, from wormes, (hcis, and Tailors ; and buy 
the gaze of the flaring multitude at a thoufand, or fifteene 
hundred pounds, which would apparel! the Duke and 
his whole Grande Cpnpglio of Venice, But if to doc your 
Prince honour, at a tilting, employed in £mbauage, 
comming in of fome great ftranser, or you arc to give 
entertainment to Princes or Nwlc personages at your 
houfcs, as did Cofm^ de Mediator haply yee command in 
the warres, fpare not to be brave with the braveft. Fi6f/#- Jt n%i/tfmm. 
pmmen caufed his Souldiers to be fpare in Apparrell and 
Diet (faith P/utarcJb) and to come honourably armed into 
the field : wherefore he commanded in Goldfmitlis (hopt 
to breake in pecces pots of gold and filver, and to be im- 
ploj^ed in the filvcringofBitts,guilding of Armours, in- 
laying of Saddles, &c, F^r tkejkmphiom cofi uf9m %usrBkt Tl^^mk. 
furniture^ dtb encenrage and make great a nMe ktart : kn$ 
in 0tker fights it carrieth avsay mens minds /# a noamauHb 
'vanity y and melting the (purage oftke rnind^ (as Homer faith 
it did AckiUesy when his mother laid new Ames and 
weapons at his fecte.^ The Spaniard when he is in the 
field, is glorious in hiscaflbcke, and afToflcth the wearing 
of the richeft Icwels ; the French huge feathers, ScarlcL 

0^1 and 




2 28 Of ^eputaUmi and Carriage* 

and gold Itcc^ the EngHlh, his Armes rich and a good 
fword : the Itafiaos pride is in his Neap^Jitars Courier : the 
G ermines and low Dutch to bee daw bed with Gold snd 
Petrlc, wherein (fay they) there is no lode except they be 
3oft : but herein I give no prefcripttoUp 
0foiet- I ^^^ come to your Dyet, wherein be not oncif 

Ssifm. mtft. 7* frugal! for the ra\rmg of your purfc, but moderate in 
Omfn j regard of your healthy which is impaired by nothing more 
^" I thenexccdc in eating and drinking (let me aJfb addc 
T&^acco taking,) Many diflies breed many difcafes^ dullcth 
the mind and vnderftanding^and not onely fliortcn, but 
take away life. We li^dc Qt\4ugufit(^ that hcewAS oever 
curious in his diet^ but content with ordinary and com- 
mon viands. And CmU the Cenfm-^ fayling into S^ame^ 
dranke of no other drinke then the rowers or flaves of 
his owne galley. And Hmotheus Duke of ^thtm was 
p^utATfh dr ^03^t to fay (whom PZ^/p invited home to him to fuppcr) 
SA^utlltLnd^. they found thcmfelvcs never diftempered. Contrary to 
our Feaftmakers, who fuppofe the glory of entertaine- 
ment, and giving the beft welcome to confift in needlefle 
fuperfluities and profiife wafte of the good Creatures, as 
ScyUa made a banquet that laftcd many daies, where there 
was fuch exceflive abundance, that infinite plentie of 
vidluals were throwne into the River, and excellent wine 
SaMi. Em. above forty yeares old, fpilt and made no account of, but 
'-^- »• by furfeiting and banquetting, at laft he gat a moft 

miferablc difcafe and dyed full of lice. 
SuetmiHs. And Cafar in regard of his Lyhian triumph, at one 

EueryRomane banquet filled two and twentie thoufand roomes with 
aSwiTfCTjen- ghcfts and gaue to eucry Citizen in Rome ten bufliels of 
pence halfe whcat, and as many pounds of oyle, and befide, three 
penny c '^ hundred pence in money. 

f'^-'sV'^ ^ ^^ reade of one Smyndirides^ who was fo much riven 

to feafting, and his eafe, that he faw not the Sinne 
rifing nor fetting in twenty yeares; and the Sybarites 
forbad all Smiths and knocking in the ftreets, and what 
thing foevcr that made any noifc to be within the City 

Wals, 



of J{eputation and Carriage. 2 29 

Wals, that they might catc and flecpe : whereupon they 
baniflied cockcs out of the City, and invented the vfc of Smid^. &fti- 
chamberpots, and bad women a yearc before to their '^ '*^- > /• 
feafts, that they might have Icifure enough to make them- **'/«**•• 
fclves fine and brave with gold and lewels. 

Above all, learne betimes to avoide cxccHiue drinking. Drinking iIm* 
than which there is no one vice more common and dHlniaionof 
reigning, and ill befeeming a Gentleman, which if growne ^"jJ^E^lSfflJi*^ 
to an habit, is hardly left ; remembring that hereby vou crmry. • 
become not fit for any thing,havingyour rcafon degraded, ' 

your body dillcmpered, your foulc hazarded, your cllccmc 
and reputation abaftd, while you fit taking your vnwhol- 

fome healthes, vt tarn vertighft teSum AmMtt^ & *iw«^ ^' 

gtminis exfurgai memfm Imctnris. 

Vntill the houfe about doth tume. 

And on the board two candles fecme to burne. 

By the Lcviticall Law, who had a glutton or a drunkard 
to their Sonne, they were to bring him before the Elders 
of the Ci^, and lee him ftoned to death. And in 
SfMime at this day they have a law that the word of him 
that hath bcene convidted of drunkennefle, fliall not bee 
taken in any teftimony. Within thele fifty or threefoore 
yearcs it was a rare thing with vs in Emglsmd^ to fee a 
Drunken man, our Nation carrying the name of the i>'unkfnncnv 
moft fobcr and temperate of any other in the world. But fi;^"'"]^"!^ 
fince wee had to doc in the quarrell of the KetbtrlMmds^ io fZc/Mi. 
about the time of Sir Ubn Norrice his firll being there, 
the cultome of drinking and pledging healthes was 
brought over into Ettg/smJ : wherein let the Dutch bee 
their owne judges, if we equall them not ; yea I thinke 
rather excell them. 

TV/Vmt^W and the old JUftumfs had lawcs and llatutes /*/» ''*' *• 
concerning the Art of drinking, which it feemes, arc ?^'* ^** 
revived, and by our drunkards obferved to an haire. It 
being enacted, that be tvifrv sfitr bis irmke faltered n^t in Ins 
^ecby vmmted s#f , neitber reeled^ if be drmuke ejf bit cm ft 
clesmefyy tmke m^i bit %me im biedrMmgbty^it »#f, ieft metbmg 

im 




Ffirtr* 15* 



Eccitfisf^, 31. 



jitbmMU. 



230 Of I^puiatim and Carriage, 

m the jBflf, mr^iit ^y isfmt the grmmd^ he had the priTJC, 
and was accoantcd the bravcft man< If tbcy were con* 
tented herewith, it were well, but they daily invent new 
and damnible kindsof carrowfmg(as that in N<frfJb i?§ltamd 
and Frlzi^/anJ (though among the bafcr fort) of v^t 
Mmtikedam^ which is, after you have drunke out the 
drinke to your fiiead or companion, you muft breakc 
the glafle full vpon his face, and if you miCTc, you muft 
drinke againe,) whence proceed quarrelling, reviling, and 
many times execrable murthers, as Aifx^dcr was aainc 
in hisdrunkennefTe; and Dam'ttm ^N^o'sf n\i€i Qcw U^erim 
out-right, becaufc he would not pledge him a whole 
carmwfc^ and bencc arifc moft quarrels among Oiu 
gaUant drunkards ; vnto whom if you rcadc a leaifc of 
fobriety, and how in former ages their fbreiathersdrtnkc 
water, they fweare water is the froggcs drinke, and or- 
dained onely ibr the driving of Mils, and carrying of 
Boats. 

Neither defire I, you fliould be fo abftemious, as not 
to remember a friend with a hearty draught fince wine 
was created to make the heart mcTry^ for vihat k fie lift 
of mam if it want wtnet Moderately taken it preferveth 
health, comfbrteth and difperfeth toe naturall beate Dvcr 
all the whole bodv, allayes choUericke humors ; expelling 
the fame with the fweate, &c. tempereth Melancbolly. 
And as one faith, hath in it felfe, kKKwmK6v rt ir/»is t^# 
ffukUwy a drawing vertue to procure friendfhip. 

At your meate to be liberall and freely merry, is veiy 
healthy and comely, and many times the ftranger or goeic 
will take more content in the cheerelineflc of your xo^- 
tenance, then in your meate. Augufius the Emperour had 
alwaycs his mirth greater then his feafts. And Suetomiat 
faith of Titus^ Ve^aCtans Sonne, he had ever his Table 
fiimifhed with mirth and aood company. And the old 
Lord Treafurer oi England^ Lord William Burgbleyy how 
employed foever in State affiiires, at his Table hce would 
lay all bufmeflc by, and be heartily merry. 

Charles 





of B^putation and Carriage. 231 

Charles the Great vfed at his mcates to have fomc 
Hiftory read, whereof hee would afterwards difcourfc. 
And Vtmncis the firft, King of Framcey would commonly 
difpute ofHiRaryy Cefmcgrmfby^ Poetry. His Majcftv our SlMm iH, 19. 
Sovcraigne, altogether in points and profound qucftions 
of Divinitie. When I was in Vtrecbt and lived at the 
table of that Honourable Gentleman, Sir Ubm Ogle^ Lord 
Govemour, whither reforted many great SchoUers and 
CM^ptAxncs^Em^ybyScott^y Fremct y^nd Dittcby it had beenc 
enough to have made a Scholler or Souldier^ to have 
obferved the feverall difputations and difcourles among 
many ftrangers, one while of fundrj formes of battailcs, 
fomctime of Fortification; of Fire-workes, Hiftory, 
Antiquities, Heraldrv, pronunciation of Languages, &c. 
that his table feemed many times a little Academic. 

In your difcourfc be free and affable, giving entertain- Affjhiiicic in 
mcnt in a fwcetc and lilKrall manner j and with a chcerc- i>>f"'»"'ff- 
full couitcfie, fcafoning your taike at the table among 
grave and ferious difcourfes, with conceits of wit and 
pleafant invention, as ingenious Epigrams, Emblemcs, 
Anagrams, merry tales, wittie queilions and aofwers, 
Miftakings, as a melancholy Gentleman fitting one day 
attable,whercIwasftartcdvpvponthe fudden, and mean- 
ing to fay, ImMfigoekmyMJmggtry by tranfpofition of the let- 
ters, faid : Sir, / mmfi g§e Jye m Megger. 

A plaine countrcy man, being called at an Adize to be 
a witnefTe about a piece of land that was in controverfie, rhii kapncd 
the ludge calling, faid vnto him^ Sirrha, how call you that in St^flkg. 
water that runnes on the South-iide of this dofe ? My Lsrd 
(quoth the felk)w) «»r vsmier cmmes vdtkmtt cMng. 

A poore Souldier with his Musket and reft in Breda^ of a Souldicr 
came one day in, and fet him downe at the nether end ^ '""^ 
of the Prince of Orsnge his table, as he was at dinner 
(whither none might bee priviledgcd vnder the degree of a 
Gentleman at the leaft to come :) the Gentleman-Vflier 
of the Prince demanded of him, if hee were a Gentleman : 
yes quoth the Souldicr, my father was a Goldfmith of 

AndviMTfe : 




i 3 2 of J^ptttatmi and Carriage, 

Amd^srpf : but what can you doc ia your fathers trade ; 
(quoth he) I can fet ilooes in Mot tar, for he was a Brick! iter 
and helped Mifons in their workes. 
^^rbl**imi <f ^^^ Epigrams, Fafjuine will affbord you the bcft and 
^R*^!Vn^ quickcft I koow. You fliall have them all bound in two 
which tiey vfc Volumes. I remember hcc tells vs once vpon a Sunday 
^ufJ'^^* morningj Pafqulm had a fbulc fhirt put on, and being asked 
Earic^in*j^ thc caufc, Pajaume m%dt anfwer, becaufc my LaundrcflTc 
had miTTyed is bccomc a Countefle, 

tc^mber- You Oiall have a tafte of fomc of my ^mM^amg^ fuch 

as they are. 

Vpon the Prince, 
CAROLVS. 
S ClarMi. 
char iff Prinze ofWaitu 
AH Fmnce cries, 6 helpe vs. 
Of the Qu^eene of B&hemm and Princenc Palatine of 
the Bheniy my gracious Lady. 

ELISABETHA STEVARTA^ 
Has Aries beata velit. 

Being requeftcd bv a Noble and Religious Lady^ who 
was fifter to thc old Lord, Dela Ware^ to try wh^ her 
name would affbord, it gave me this : 
lANE WEST. 
En tua lefu. 

And vpon the name of a brave and beautifull Lady, 
wife to Sir Robert Mordamty fonne and heire to Sir Le 
Straunge Mordaunt Knight and Baronet in the Countie 
of Norfolke : 

Amic Mordaunt. 

Tu more Dianam, 

Turn ore Dtanam. 

Mineruay domat. 

Me induat amor, 

Nuda^ te miram. 

VI tandem amor. 

Vpon 



of 'Reputation and Carriage. 233 

Vpon the name of a fairc Gentlewoman in Italian : 
ANNA DrDLjEIA. 

Vpon a fwccte and a modcft young Gentlewoman, 
Milhi5 

MARIA MEVTAS. 
Tu a me amaris. 

To comfort my felfe living in a Towne, where I found 
not a Schoilcr to oonvcrfe withall, nor the kindeft refpcdb 
as I thought : I gave this my Polie, the fame backward 
and forward, 

SVBl DVRA A RVDlByS. 

Of Mailer I>oaor HaU Deane of Worceffer^ this, added 
to the Body of m Gl^ry^ wherein was written letovat in 
Hebrew, refembling the Deitic, 

JOSEPH HALL. 
AU tif Hope. 

Of a vertuous and faire Gentlewoman at the requeil 
of my friend who bare her good will. 

FRANCIS BARNEY. 
Barrel im Fancy. 

And this, 
Thecdopa Dixam. 
ADEO DIXIT HONOS: or 
O Dea^ dixit Homos. 

Of my good friend Mafter Dodlor Do^^lamJ^ in regard 
he had flipt many opportunities in advancing his fortunes 
and a rare Luteniil as anv of our Nation, befide one of 
our grcatell Mailers of Mufickc for compofing : I gave 
him an EmUeme with this ; 

lOHANNES DOyLANDys. 
Ammos /itJemJo bamp. 

There were at one time in Rome very wittie and vn- 
happy libels call forth vpon the whole Coafillory of Car- 
dinals 




Pldf faich, 
it is oncly 
allowed, Phy- 
ficiona co lie 
for iht com- 
fcirtQfcluficktf. 




234 Of J^eputation and Carriage, 

dlnals in the nature of EmUemet. I remember CarcHnill 
Farnrfi had for his part a Storke devouring a Frogge, with 
Mordeo nm mordentef^ Btiiarmint a Tiger faft chained to 
a poftj in a fcroule proceeding from the beafts mouth in 
Italian : Dams mta iiitert^y *vederitt chi to s&»o : that is^ 
give mee my Libertie, you fliall fee what I am^ meaning 
perhaps he would be no Jougerj &c- And thofe were very 
knaviih that were throwne vp and downc the Court of 
Framee^ the Efcotcheon or Armes of the partic on the 00c 
fide of a paft-board, and fome ingenious device on the 
other ; as one had the Armes of the Houfe of d* Medici 
of Fioremt^ on the one fide, on the other an inkchorne 
with the mouth turned downward, with this tart PaffUili 
ElUfin/t d'encrei and fo of the whole Court, 

Emi/emei and Imfref^^ if ingenioufly conceited^ are 
<^ daintie device and much eftecme. The Invention of 
the Italian herein is very fingular^ neither doc our Engiifli 
wits come much behind them ; but rather equall them 
every way. The beft that I have feene, have beene the 
devifes of Tiltings, whereof many are referved in the 
private Gallery at White Hall, of Sir Philif Sidneys^ the 
Earle of CumherUnd^ Sir Henry Lelgh^ the Earle of BJfex-y 
with many others, moft of which I once coIleAed with 
intent to publifh them, but the charge diflwaded mee. 

But above all, in your talke and difcourfe have a caze 
ever to fpeake the truth, remembring there is nothing that 
can more prejudice your efteeme then to bee laviih- 
tongued in (peaking that which is falfe ; and difgracefuHy 
of others in their abfence. The Perfians and Indians bad 
a law, that whofoever had beene thrice convifted erf 
fpeaking vntruth, Ihould vpon paine of death never fpeake 
word all his life after. Cato would fuflfer no man to bee 
praifed or difpraifed, but vfed alwaies fuch difcourfe as 
was profitable to the hearers ; for as one faith, l>$Berim 
winuunt Mmeftatem. lefts and fcoffes doe leflen Majeftie 
and greatnefle, and Ihould be farre from great perfonages, 
and men of wifedome. 

Chap. 



of Trauaile. 



23f 



I 



Chap. XVIII. 

Of Trauaile. 

I WILL conclude with TV^ir^f/'/r, which maaydifallowin 
Gentlemen, yea and fome great trauellcrs tbemfelues ; 
but mee thinkes they are as one who hath filled his 
owne belly, and denieth the difli to hk fellow. In my 
opinion nothing redlificth & confirmeth more the iudg- 
ment of a Gentleman in fbrraine afFaires, teacheth him 
knowledge of himfelfe, and fetleth his affedlion more 
fure to his owne Country, then trauaile doth : for if it be 
the common Law of Nature, that the learned fliould y,^, j^,-. 
haue ruleouer and inftrudt the ignorant, the experienced, ranMf. 
the vnexperienced, what conceameth more Nobility, 
taking place aboue other, then to be learned and wife? 
and where may wifdome be had, but from many men, 
& in many places? Herevpon we tinde the moll eminent 
and wife men of the world to haue beene the greateft 
Trauailers (to omit the Patriarches and Apofllcs them- 
felucs in holy writ^ as Flsto^ PjttagnMSy ArifiotU^ Tbet^ 
fhrmfius^ Ofjris^ King of ^gjft^ who trauelled a great 
part of the world, and caufed to be engrauen vpon his 
Sepulcher, Metre vmder 1 He Khtg Ofyris, eUefi fntne of Di^itr. &. 
Saturne, «A» hmue ieft me fmrt ef the 'ut^rld vrnfearched^ '•*• «• 
nvbitherte Ibam^nei ceme^ teschimg againe wbstfeemer I bmme 
fetmdy for the vfe and oommoditie of mankinde. And 
Xenefhom to intimate vnto vs the benefit and excellent vfe 
of Trauaile, faith that Cmmhyfesy by his trauaile learned 
many excellent things, which he taught Cyrus his fonne : 
and hauing trauailed as far re as Merek (as a parpetuall 
monument of his long voyage) he built a Citie in the 
forme of a Terfism (hield. AndTit was the vfuall boaft of 
Alexmtder (faid Arcktlsms a Cofmographer) that he had f%. ijmt. lik. 
found out more with his eies,then (5hcr Kings were able »• •»«■*« -rfM».'. 

to 





2 3 d Of Trauaik, 

to comprehend in thought : and to no fmall commeiida- 
tion of himfelfe^ Menelaus in H&mn^ reporteth that he 
h^d bcenc in Egy^t^ CyprnSy Phmech^ and fecne Tktk€$ 
hauing an hundred gates^ and at cuery gate two hundred 
horfc-men for the guard* But fay fome, few of our 
Gentlemen arc bettered by their trauaile, but rather 
rctume home worfe then they went in manners, and 
many times in Religion, therefore it were better tbcy 
tarried ftill at home, according to CUu£am: 

Falix fuifatrijs itvum tranpgk tn a^h^ 
Ipfa d&mns puerum quern videt iffa femm : 

^^uj h^cuh miens ^ m ^ua rtptauii arema^ 
Fmus numerat Smcuis U»ga caf^^ 

Hee's blcft who In's owne Country ends his daics, 
Whofc homeftead fee^s his old age and his birth^ &a ' 

But this happineffe is but fuerorum heatitudo^ as one 
faith • and the greateft vnhappinefle to the truly generous 
and induftrious minde. 

If therefore you intend to trauell, you muft firft pro- 
pound vnto your felfe ; the End, which either is md x«u 
hptatemveladvtilitatem'^ pleafure or profit. For the firft, 
euery one naturally affel^eth, and the foole himfelfe is 
tickled with the fight of ft range townes, towers and habits 
of people. Therefore you muft hold you to the other 
which is profit, which againe hath two branches, your 
owne priuate, or the pubUque ; your priuate, as the re- 
couery of your health, by fome outlandifh meanes, as the 
water of the SpaWy fome Phifition famous for his cure 
in fuch & fuch kinds, chang of aire, or gaining as a 
Merchant by trafique, or fome profi^on wherein you 
excell others. The publique is the generall good of your 
Countrey, for which we are all borne, it diallenging 
a third part of vs. 

But before you trauaile into a ftrange Countrey^ I wilh 
you (as I haue heretoofore faid) to be wel acquainted 

with 



OfTravatle. 237 

with your owne ^ -for I know it by experience, that many 
of our yong gallants, have gone over with an intent 
to paflc by nothing vnfeene, or what might bee 
knowne in their places; when they have beene moft 
ignorant here in their owne native Countrey, and 
(trangers to their iuft reproofc could difcourfe, and fay 
more of England then they. 

In your paflage, I muft give you in either hand a light, 
Prcfcrvation, and Obfcrvation. Prcfervation of vour ! 
mindc^ from Errors, and ill manners ; of your body from 
diftcmpcraturc, cither by over eating, drinking, violent 
or venereal! exercifc. 

For there is not any nation in the world more fubiedl 
vnto furfets then our Engliih are, whether it proceedeth 
from the Conllitution of our bodies, ill agreeing with 
the hotter climates, or the exchange of our wholefome 
dyet and plenty, for little and ill dreft ; or the greedinefle 
of their fruits and hot wines, wherewith onely wee are 
Ibmetime conftrained to fill our bellies, I am not certaine. 
No lefle'perill there is, ak iftis cMdk & ealiJis SpiisfiUMhUy Uffm. 
which aJmoft in every place will offer themfclves or be 
put vpon you by others. 

Keepe the fountaine of your minde from being em- 
poifoned, efpcciaUy by tnofe Serpents, Errour and 
Atheilme, which you lliall Hnd lurking under the faireft 
flowers : and though you heare the difcourfes of all, and 
lilU-n to the charmes of fome, difcoveryour Religion or 
minde to none, txit refembling the needle of the com- 
pafTe, lx>wfoever for a while mooved or ihaken, lookc 
Northerly, be conftant to one. To be carried away with 
every fancy and opinion, is to waike with Caim in the 
land of *giddinefle,thegreateft puniihment that God layed 
upon him. c^^u 

Before you enter into Obfervation, firft feekc the 
language that you may be fit for conference, and where 
the language is bed fpoken there fettle, and furnifh your 
felfe with the difcrccteft and moft able Maftcr. For as 

hcerc 




M. DJlingtm. 




238 Of Travaile. 

heere 10 England, fo in other places,^ the language is 
fpoken with more elegancy and puritie in fomc places 
morcthcnothcrs- For the French, Orleans and there about 
is efteemed the bcft, Florence for the Italian, Lipfick for 
the high Dutch, and Valledolid for the SpanillK 

To helpe you in conjugating your verbes, you may 
vfe the helpe awhile of a Grammcr of that language, but 
in generall you muil expert your perfedion from con* 
ftrcnce : for hereby the true accent, and the native grace 
of pronouDciation (which no bookc can teach) is oncly 
attained. 

Now afwell for neighborhood fake, as that tfie Frendi 
tongue is diiefely affeded among our Nobility, it being 
a copious and a fwcet language, wherein fo many famous 
workes by as great wits as any ever Europe bred^ have 
beene publiflied : I wifli you firft of all to fee France, 
being fcated under a temperate and moft: wholeibme 
climate, and fliall not endanger your health fo much, as 
being fent upon the fuddaine from a cold Country, into 
the icorching heatc of another more remote. 

I will not Itand to make any Topographlcall defcription 
of the Countrey, I bein^ herein both preuented long fince 
by a faithfuU pen : bcfide, I remember I am to write onely 
one Chapter, not a volume. 

You fliall finde the French, I meane of the nobleft and 
better fort, generally free and curteous, vnto whom even 
among their Princes, State and MaiefUque retirednefle 
are burthenfome, fo that fometime you fliaU fee them 
familiar with the meaneft. La Noue fpeakinjg of the 
French Nobilitie, faith EUe efi tres vaUereufe ^curtoife : 
et ny a 'Efi at en la ChrefiienU^ ou elle foit enfi grand nomire. 
They are exceeding valiant and courteous, and there is 
no eftate in Chriftendome where they are in fo great 
number. 

They delight for the moft part in Horfmanftiip, 
Fencing ; Hunting, Dancing,and little efteemeof Learning, 
and gilts of the minde ^ contrary to the Cuftome of the 

ancient 



OfTmvaile. 239 

ancient Romanes^ as Cau the Cenfor^ ^fp"'y ^^l^ 
JEmlllm and many others, no Icfle famous for knowledge 
then adion : whereof themfelves and their friends often- 
times compjaine. Commines laveth the fiiult vf>on the re- 
miflenefle of parents in their education . Us nmrrijfent liurs 
emfims fiulement a f aire lesfotSy em hMlememts et em fsrolier t 
de muUe lettre iismemt cogmeiJfMmcey They breede their children 
to play their wanton fooles, both in apparell and word^ 
but for learning they know nothing. 

The French are full of difcourfe, quicke witted, fudden 
in acftion, and generally light and inconftant; which 
r^rfoundlongfmceywritingof them,^9i//Mr//iprMv/f/y/ ^r^ ^^^ 
cafiemJu miM/eSy & mevif p/ermmfne re^Mi ftuJemty znd CM'- 
whcre^he calles GaUenmfuUu Crepemtimm cemfilim. More- 
over as among the Spaniih and Dutch, one fafhion of 
Apparell ftill obfervedamongil them^argueth aconilancie 
of mindc and humour ; fo their change and varictie, their 
vaincnefll- and Icvitic^ for every two ycere their falhion 
altcrcth. 

Their cxercifcs are for the moil part Tcnnife play. 
Pallcmaik, fliooting in the Croflc-bow or Peecc, and 
Dancing. 

Concerning their Dyet, it is nothing fo goixi or 
picntilull as ours, they contenting themfelves many times 
with mc-anc viandis, oncly in the folcmne fealts, and 
banquets of entertainment, they are bountiful! enough, 
yea ^rre excecde vs : as for the poore Paifant, he is fainc 
oftentimes to make vp his mcale with a Mufhrome, or his 
Grcnoillcs (in Englifli, Frogs,) the which are in Farii and 
many other places commonly fold in the Market 

Concerning their building, it is very Magnificent, and 
I know not whether in allEirr^/r, any buildings may 
for MaieiHe and State be compared with thofe of Frsmee^ 
(though they have bcene miferably fpoyled by the laft 
civill warres) thev being the bell Architectsof tne world ; 
vpon the view or fome of which (as breathing on a fairc 
hill) I will detaine you awhile. At firll we will begin 

with 



240 OfTravaile 

The L$tmre. with the Lovure in Paris. The Ltnmre is the royall feate 
of the Kings of France^ famous thorowout ail Eurtfe^ (ituate 
neere to the towne walles on the Weft fide : by which 
runneth the River of Seine^ which in old time ferved rather 
for a Fortrefle then a Kings Houfe, and herein was a 
Tower wherein were kept tSe Kings Revenues and Trea- 
fure. Which afler by King Francis the firft, was pulled 
downe, and in this place was begun the building of the 
Front, which is oiMafonrj^ fo enriched with pillars, frizes, 
architraves and all fort of archite^re with fuch excellent 
fymmetry and beautie, that thorowout all Enropey you 
fhall hardly finde the like. It was begun by Francis the 
iirft, finiflied by Heytry his fonne, vnder the appointment 
of the Lord of Clagny^ and afterwards encreafed by Francis 
the fecond, Charles the ninth. Laft of all made the wonder 
of all other workes, by that beautifull Gallery, the worke 
of Hejtry the fourth. 

The TuiUeriet. The TittUeries fomctime belonged to the Suburbes of 
Saint Honore in Faris^ by the fide of the Lovure^ and was 
indeed a Place wherein they made Tiles, and by reafon 
there were many faire Gardens about it, the Queene 
mother drawing the plot her felfe, feeing it a pleafant and 
fit place, began firft to build here. It is a royaU worke all 
of free Stone. The portall or entrance is very ftatcly, of 
Marble pillars and lafper. 

Fpntdine bietu, FontMnebUau is fcituate in the fbrreft of Becro^ in a 
plaine encompafled with great Woods, and was in old 
time a retiring place for the Kings of France. Francis the 
firft, who loved to build, tooke great pleafure in this feate 
and builded here the houfe, as we fee it at this prcfent ; 
the bafe Court hereof is efteemcd the faireft of all France : 
inthe fecond Court there is the pureft and faireft Fountaine 
efteemed in the world, wherefore it was called Belle eaue^ 
and fo Fontaine Belle eau'e. K. Francis \oytd. this place fb 
well, that he fpent moft of his time here, beautifying it 
while he lived with all forts of Commodities, goodly gal- 
leries, Stroves %&c. and caufed the rareftMaflers of Eurofe 
' Sic in edd IQ 



OfTrauaile. 



241 



in painting to be fent for, for the beautifying it with 
all manner of Hiftories. Alfo heere he placed the rareft 
Antiquities he could get. In briefe, whatfoeuer he could 
wrap or wring, he thought to little for this place ; it is 
about fourteene leagues from P^ris. 

Blms is an ancient Caftle fdtuate from the Riuer of s/«#. 
JLure vpon an hilL Heere the old Kings of Framcevfcre 
wont to refide, efpedally Lams the twelfth tooke delight 
in this place, who was called Pater Patriot. It hath 
belonging vnto it two goodly forrefts, one on this fide the 
riuer, the other on the other. Going forth of the gardens 
of the houfc, you pafle into the forreil vnder foure rowes 
of elmes, at the lead 1 1. hundred fpaces : this is rather re- 
markeable for the antiquitie then the beauty, the towne 
ftandeth beneath, about the which are thcfe faire places 
within 1. or j. leagues, Birr#, BeaurigarJ^ ViUe-j^imjiM^ 
cUwJ^jty and fome others. 

Amkaift is one of the principall buildines of Frsncty .ah^9 
it alfo ftandeth vpon the Lahe vpon a high Seate \ at the 
foote hereof is the towne, and ncere that t goodly For- 
reft : this Caftle is feene a great way oflFboth by the hill, 
and the vally yeeldin^ fo goodly a profped, as I neuer 
beheld a better, for from the terraiks that enuiron the 
Caftle, you may eafily dcfcerne T9urs and the Abby of 
Manmmfiitr feauen leagues off; the Caftle ftandeth vpon 
a Rocke at the foote whereof there is a Cloifter. 

This houfe is in PicarMe^ vpon the way from Paris to 
Smlpmsy diltant from Paris \6. leagues, y. from Smffhns ; it vMmt c4mt». 
ftandeth clofe vpon the forreft of Rets ; it is of very great 
receipt, as may appcare by the enclofure of the parke. 
Here King Framcis (whof only delight was in building) 
for many yearcs together fet Mafons a worke,the rather 
bccaufe it adioyned vnto the greateft forreft of all 
France^ himfel/c louing hunting exceedingly. Here are 
the gpodlieft walkes in Earepe^ for the trees themfclues 
are placed in curious knots, as we vfe to fct our hcrbes in 
gardens. 

rcAciun R Ckarleval 



CharlMi, 



TheCaftleof 
Vmemnts, 



z^z OfTrauaile. 

Ch^rleval is in Normandy vpon the way from Tmns to 
RovoHy neere to the village of Pieufj, It was built fay 
Charles the p. at the inftance of the Lord of Durefci ; it 
ftandeth in a valley enclofed with mountaines about, 
which is the Forreft of Lyons : among thofe Mountaines 
are many goodly profpeds one within another, it is 
}. leagues by a pleafant valley eaiily difcemed to the 
riuer Seine ; had it beene quite finiihed it had beene the 
diiefe building of France. 

This Caftle or Royal houfe is called Bris ie Vhuinmes • 
it is fdtuate within one league of Varis^ & two of Saint 
Benms the place of buriall of the French Kines^ fo that 
thefe three ftand in a manner in a triangle. It is a very 
fumptuous worke & of admirable Art: it was begun by 
Charles County of Valots^ brother to Thilip the faire, and 
finiftied a good while after by Charles the fift. This houfe 
hath many faire Courts in it^ withall about it a Parke, 
containing in circuite i^. or 17. thoufand paces, which 
amount to two leagues and a halfe ; ftretdiing on tiie 
South, euen vnto the riuer of Selne^ and by North vnto 
the riuer of Mamcy which ioyning at the village of Cmt- 
fluence (fo called of their meeting) neere Cbarentem fall 
downe vnto Taris. This in ancient times was the vfuall 
Court and abode of the French Kings, but now little fre- 
quentecL and fallinp; in a manner to mine. 

But I omit farther to fpeake as well of Hie Royall 
houfes, and thofe of the Noblefle, being indeed the beauty 
qS France. Whereof there are many other, as S. MatoTy 
Chenonceauy Chamhourgy Boulogney Creily Ceniffiey Felemiraj^ 
MentarpSy S. Germainey and la Mntttey which are al the 
Kinges houfes and worthy your view and regard if you 
happen to find them in your way. In briefe, hold France 
for one of the moft rich, fertile^, & brauefl Kingdomes 
of the World. 

And fince Spame and France are but one Continent, 
let vspafTe the Fjrenean hils, and take fome obferuations 
there. 



w^ 



OfTravaile. 



^43 



Spasne lyelh Southerly from Frsuce^ in Northernc lati- ofSftum 
tude from 37. to ^ degrees or thereabout, in the fame 
height and paraleli with the Azores Uands. It is farre 
hotter then France^ a very dry Countrev, yet abounding 
in fweet Springs, Rivers and all forts or fruites. Pafture 
there is little or none in refpc& of the great heat, but in* 
finitely furniflied with Vineyards, Olive trees, having 
Corne fuffident fave onely in the Skirts of the Country, 
which are mountainous, hilly and barren, yet abounding 
in Goates and other CatteU. 

For vidhuls you fliall find it very fcarce, not that the 
Countrey affordeth not a fufficiency, but that the people 
being by conftitution hot and dry, are not able to dieeft 
heavy and more folid meate, like unto ours ; but rather 
chufe Fruits, Sallets and fweet meates, as Mermalade, by 
them called MemMUada (for memSriUp is a Quince) and 
conferves of all forts, for coolenefle and liglitneue of 
digeilion. The people are by nature generally proud and 
haughty, but withaU very civil!, faithful! to their friend, 
and above all to their Prince, for feldome or neuer haue 
any of that Nation bin knowne to have bin traitors ; 
their Souldiers are infatigable, refolute, and obedient unto 
their Commanders, but withall lafcivioufly given, and 
too cruel in vidory. 

The Gentry affe£t not the Countrey, but defire to live 
in walled Townes altogether, where they dedicate them- 
felves either to fome impkiyment of State, or bufincfle 
of warre, fave fuch who are of the better fort, dedicate to 
the Church, of whom there is at the lead a third part. 

Their habit in apptrell is all one for colour and fafhion, 
which hardly makes a diftindion of parts: onely they 
are difcerned by their fcrvants (in whom they obferve an 
excellent equipage) their rtgtlad^ horfcs, Caroches and 
Horfelitters. 

The women arc blacke, and little, but very well 
favoured, and for difcourfe admirable: thefe have a more 
eminent diftindtion of habite, and are all difcerned by 

R 1 their 



244 ^f TTavaile. 

their apparell of wbatqualitlethey are, they affed ftrangers 

much, and are liberall in their converfe with them. 

The heart of the Countrey is verv fcarce of fifh : that 
which they have, are either Tons orFstchards^ brought falted 
fiom Bifcayytxa^toncM^zTidfTomValenciaonihc other: 
Yea, the Church for want of fifli is faine to give a licence 
to eate the entrailes of beafts vpon failing dayes. 

All their meate, fruit and bread are fold by the pound, 
and not except before an Officer which they call Alcalda^ 
fo that no ftranger can be deceived either in weight or 
price. 

They tread their Corne out with Oxen in the field 
aflbone as it is reaped, their Mules and Horfes eating 
the Straw with Barley, for Oates they are not fo well 
acquainted with. It is a Countrey for travell very com- 
berfome in refpedl of lodging and dyet, except when you 
come into the walled Townes, where you fhall according 
to their manner be accommodated well enough. 

They travell all on Mules, keeping their Horfes for 
beautie and fhew, putting them to no vfe, fave onely to 
be led vp and downe. 

Their Coines are the befl of Europe^ fince all their 
neighbours make a gaine of them, as a peece of eight 
Reals jfor fixe pence of our money) goeth in Fnmci for 
foure millings and fixe pence : a Doublon in gold, that 
which is a Piftolet with them, being thirteene flUllings, is 
in France and other places t^ ReaB, which is foureteene 
(hillings fixe pence of our monev. Moft of the Coine that 
pafTeth for ordinary and triviall things, as Wine, Bread, 
Melons, Peaches, is of Brafle, which they call Quartos and 
§luartiUsas. Of their Jtfifri7iyfir>/,twentie make three pence. 
Their buildings are faire and ftately, and the King, though 
he hath many goodly Houfes and Palaces, as in ^mtt^ 
Granada^ Toledo^ Ccrdova^ VMmdolid^ O-c. yet the Efcnriatt^ 
fcven leagues from Madrid^ is the place where the King 
moft refides, and this exceeds all the buildings of Chrift- 
endome, for beautie and curiofitie in contriving, to wfaidi 

is 



OfTravaile. 24) 

is adioyned one of the goodlicd Monafterics of the world, 
wherein are to bee feene the rareft Watcr-workcs that 
men can dcvife. 

SpMMt being divided into many Kingdomcs or Prov- 
inces, you are allowed to carry about you« onel^ but an 
hundred Reals ; what you have above it is forfeited, and 
for that purpofe, at every bridge or paflagc where the 
Countries part, you are to be fearched. 

And I hope you have heard fo much of the Inquifition 
and the danger thereof, that I ihall not here need to give 
you any caveat 

Navarre afibrdeth, by rcafon of the Mountaines, a very Yrt chc fined 
hard paflTage. Whereof Fampeima is the chiefc Citie, ^'l^'**^ 
herein arethc beft Muttons, and made thcftrongeft Wines: ^'^' 
this Countrey is fo abundant in Rofcmary,that they make 
it their ordinary fewcll in heating their Ovens, and for 
their other vfes. 

Aragw aboundcth in Wine and Corne, which VvrtU" 
gmll fo wanteth, that all the Come in that Kingdome is 
not able to futlice Lkiome onclv, but they arc faine to have 
it of the BritMswerSy HpOarndfrr^ and from the Atares 
Hands. 

Laft of all it is worthy the noting, how that in their 
Vniverfitics, as Saiamama^ Alcaia^ Commira^ &c. and 
other of their Collcdgcs, they care little for the Latino, 
but difpute and kccpe their exercifes in Spam\lb or the 
Fmirngmt^ tongue, yet have they great Schollers in all 
profcflions. 

Thus have I onely given you a talle, how and what 
efpecially to obfcrve in your travel!. I willingly omit to 
fpeake of It^fy^ GermamjjZnd other Countries, by rcafon 
they have beene fo exactly defcribcd by Mailer SsmJs and 
others, vnto whofe ample difoourlcs (excepting your per- 
fonall experience) I refcrre you, it being here mine onely 
intent, but to give you fome few directions in gencrall : 
and fo I conclude, wiiliing all happinelle to your fclfc, and 
profperous fucceflc to your ftudies. 

Chap. 



24^ €f Military oSfervations. 

Chap. XIX- 

Cf MiUtafy Obferuationt. 

IN tfifhing the F^fmrts of each weapon to eueiy 
fittle Souldicr, ]roa fliiU ufe thefe words which have 
alm^ becne ghrcn jou to that purpofe, and no other, 
bat when yon cxime to Bxerafe the whole company 
joined, jon maj at fiime times for your owne fatisfaAion 
in the more ready and graoefbll peHbnnance of tiiem, 
command the Ftfmns to be done by the whcde number 
at <mce, with fuch pawfe betwcene every Fojbtriy as may 
afford you meanes to difceme any fiulance therein : but 
whenibeveryou skimufh youfhall ufe no more of diredion 
then. 

I. Mske Bemdy, 
a. Frtfemi. 
J. Give Fire. 
The firft importeth all the Fejbtres unto prefenting : 
The fecond to (land ready to give Fire, but not to execute 
it before the command be given. 
Of Files. The whole Company is to be divided into Files^ each 

File confifting of tenne men : the men in the Er/f are to 
be diftinguidied by the names of Leaders^ Bringers 'vp 
and Middle^men • the two Seconds^ the two Thirds^ the 
two FaitrSbs; by the joyning of JP//p/, Bankes are formed 
\rtiich doe follow the Dignity of each place in one File. 

lUnki and their u Ronke^ of Leaders. 

Di**iKi- a. Ranke^ of Bringers vp. 

;. Eanke of Middle-^men to the Front ^ is the 6. Ranke 
fiom the Front. 

4. Ranke of Middle^men to the Reare^ is the fifth 
Rjmke to the Front ; 

5r. Rjmke is the fecond to the Front. 
6. Ranke is the fecond to the Resre. 

7. Ranke 



of Military Obfervations. 247 

7. Rsmke is the third to the R0£re. 

8. RMMke is the third to the Frwt. 

9. Rsmke is the fourth to the Framt. 
ID. Rdmkt is the fourth to the JU^re. 

The Leader holdeth the firft Rdmke and (hould be re- Dmytfth$ 
fpeded 2S the Cammmmder of the whole F/7f, and fomc- i^^^*- 
times (for eafe of officers) when any new men are come 
into the File the Leader (iKMild exercife the whole File^ 
as well to teach them the true ufe of their Armet^ their 
Difisnce^ and Metiems^ mcafures of March^ whither the 
Command be given by PrwMr, ^oyce^ or any other Ssptall^ 
as toenablehimfclfe by the exercife of that imall command 
for a greater when his fortunes and merits (hall come, 
bee mull diligently attend the Command givcn« for by 
his example the rdl of the Fik is to be governed. 

The Bringer vp, is as it were Leifiemamt of the Fiie ik^iftkt 
and is to feamd the Leader in every part of his duty, in ^ri^*^' ^^ 
his fickencfle or abfence he is to doe the fame office^ when 
the File (hall be ranged, he is to take fome care that thofe 
foure which are next him doe keepe the File ftraight (but 
without noife) and when the whole Troope or hsufc of it 
(hall FroMi to the Reare^ he is in all points to doc the duty 
of a Leader. 

The Middle^men while the body remaineth entire are tktiy tf ynddt^ 
but to keepe their order duly, but when the Frmtt is m*"- 
doubled by them, then is the Leaders Middle^wtam become 
a Leader^ and the other a bringer up, if the body Fremt 
both waycs then are they both bringers up : The relt 
are onely to Imitate their Leaders in doing the things 
commanded, and to keepe even with their Leaders and 
fide-mcn. 

The righthand Ltadar is the moft worthy, whofe par- 7W Hgmiij wf 
ticular duty is to begin the Arraimpug of the whole '*'"• 
Treofe^ and in marching to obferve the appointed diftancc 
from the next body on the right hand. 

The lefthand Leader is the fccond, bccaufe he is to 
obferve the diflance on the left hand. 

The 



GtwrrJi W*rd4 



D^et. 



248 Of Military Ohfervatians, 

The two middle Leaders arc next in dignity^ anc 
them he which ftandethon the Icfthtnd is the moft WT>rthy^ 
their particuler duty is to keepe the B^tmi evcn^ aod to 
obfcrve the diflmce when it fliall be commanded, indii^ 
fercntly without mention of any one hand^ 
The fifth B7e is the fecond to the right hand. 
The fixth File is the fecond to the left h^od. 
The feuenth Fife is the third to the left hand- 
The eighth File Is the third to the right hand and fo 
onward according to the number of Filet, 

Stand t&ymr Armts, 

Sfien^e. 

Stm§d riikt Mfttr your J^adets^ wr File E'Ven^ 

Stand evrm *mhky^r fide-men^ or ramke M'vtm^ 

T ^ J i That is Filer three fecte afunder, anJ 

lMy,ur Order | the rankes fixe feete. 

r« ^^^ n^^ r^A^ i Tbat is Files fixe feete afunder, and 
In your open Order, | ^^^^^ ^^,^^ ^^^ 



In your clofe Order ^ \ 



That is Files a fbote and a halfe 
afunder and ranke three feete. 




Cloflcr then this your Mufquetcirs muft never be 
placed, but the Pikes when they are to give or receive 
a fliocke, are to be commanded. 

Fikes in your clofeB Order ^ or Fikes clofe ^ fowUrom to 
powldron» 

Then your ranckes muft clofe vnto the Kapiers or S^words 
point of their Leaders. 

If the words Files and Rmnkes bee not exprefled then 
muft the Souldier underftand that both are meant, but 
fometimes you fliall command. 

Files in your open order ( * • i • r ^^ *. r 
and Honied in order \ "^^'"^ " ^^^ ^^^ ^q"*^*^ •' 

Files 



of Military Ohjervations. 249 

Tilts in order ^ msd Rsmkes ( u- u • «.i. £^^ r 
mcU/e^Jer * | which is three fcete fquarc. 

And this I would have you ufc often. 

Ofem f0tfr Rsmkts. Umimt, 

Which is tlwayes done backwards: and if the command 
be to open to a very large diftance, the bringers vp are 
to turne faces about and to nurch till all the reft of the 
Rdukes have the diftance required. 

Clofeymtr JUmkes. Ofmh^ mU 

Which is alwayes done forwards, taking it from the ^i am%/. 
Liiulfrs. 

Ofem y0mr Files, 

If no hand be exprefled, they fliall open indiflferently 
to both, vntill the middle Leaders have the diftance re- 
quired, elfc are they to open vnto that hand which is men- 
tioned, takinR it from the contrary hand. 

The fame Rule holdeth alfo in ckiTmg of Files. 

When you ezercife EtmiatteUd^ the Csftdme muft for Nsm ^ 
his pUce be in the hesd orjhmi of the Fikes^ the ZJe&temsmS ^f^'- 
in tne Besre^ the Emfipse in the firft EMmke^ the Sergesmts 
on the FlsmieSy the Ihwms on the ceruers. 

In marching, the Files muft be kept ftraight, the 
lUmkes euen, 2l the Anmes carried in one and the fame 
Fofiure^ all muft move at once and begin at the fame 
inftant by the found of the Drmm or other fignall to the 
eye. 

Tlie Drum muft be taught to bcate a March in three 
Meafures. 

I. The Slew. 
X. Tbe Meeme. 
]• Tke Smfi. 

So 



2 f o Of Military Obferoatians. 

So as all the Swldiers maj proportion their pace 
accordingly. 

The Lesders muft turae and pafle a lof^ by their 
FjfUs till they come to the place where the firingeis vp 
mxxl, the redd muft March vp tothat g;round where their 
LusJkrs at firll ftood ; there turning, follow vntill the 
Bringers vp be in the Limders places. 

To the right band. 

7> the l^ hand as yeu ttwrr. 

To the left hamd. 

To the right hamd as you ttwrf. 

To the Irft hand akota. 

To the right band as you 'mere. 

Files to the right hamd double. 

Files as you were. 

Files to the left hamd doutU. 

Files as you were. 

Ramcie to the right band doukle. 

Rsiscke to the left band as you were. 

Rofscke to the left band double. 

Rasscke to the right hamd as you were. 

Middlemen to the right hamd^ douUe the Promt ^ or 

JUmckes. 
Middlemem to the left band as you were. 
Middlemem to the Uft band douUe the Front^ or 

Ranches. 
Middlemen to the right hand as you were. 

That is when the laft five RMuckes fill vp the fpaces of 
the firft five, but if no hand be exprefled, it (hall alwayes 
be done to the right. 

Middlemen iy Diiipon double the Front. 

When the kft five Ranckes doe Front or tume to the 
right-hand of the right-hand Flancke, and thofcof the left 
Flancke to Front, or tume to the left hand and inarching, 

tiil 



of Military Obfervatians. 2 f i 

till they be without the flanckes at an appointed diftance, 
they front or turne as at firft^and march vp at both flanckes 
even with the front 

In this motion remember to leave a fit diftance be- 
tweene the Fika and the Mmsketers to receive the 
Middlermem. 

Middlimen as jm^ nutrt. 

They Brma or turne to the l^ittrt^ ahvaycs turning on 
the contrary hand when thejr are to march downe, and 
marching till theyhavethcir diftance, then tumingtowards 
one anoUier, they meete in their firft places. 

WhttU t9 tbf rigbi hand. 

The right hand cornerman muft ftand fir me, the left w\md€^ b«^ 
cornerman muft move forward, and every Ijtmdtr fuccef- *"*"«*« *"^ 
(iuely after him keeping the fame diftance exa&ly which 
they had before they moved; when the next l^mdtr 
unto the riffhthand cornerman Oiall be advanced a 
littk forward then (hall he turne his face to the right- 
hand and ftand that all the reft may ¥fm$ even with 
him. 

By the fame way of proceeding the hand onely w^^h^ 
changed. '^ ^^^ 

Tbe cornerman muft turne as he did before and ftop whtd^^km^ 
at a halfc turne vntill the whole body be come even with ■*^* *^' 
him, fo turning like the foote of a compafle till he have 
made the whok turne or converfion. 

If you will dinuniih the Rsmkes^ you muft breake the r# KmJ^ tmn 
firft Rsmkf leaving them onely fo many as you fpedfie, ^ '^^ 
the remainder of that JZ^Jviefo broken muft bqginto make 
another lU»iv right after that J{4«i# you left ; and ifthev 
be not enough to fill up the number required, thev muft . 
be fupplyed bj the former of the next RsmJkf and fo toroi^h 
the whole body. 

If you will increafe the Rsmke^ the fecond Rsmkt muft 
come up into the firft and fo onward, if the fecond ak>ne 

be 






zfi Of Military Obfervatians. 

be not fiiffident, then t part of the third Ranke of all of 
it, and to onward till fo mai^ Rankes be filled vp as the 
number will beare^ if there be odde men they muft begin 
a Ranke in the reare. 

Two Rankes that are firft (as the word is oommanded) 
muft ahrayes make ready and being lead up tenne paces 
beyond the front of the Pikes, the CafiMut or officer that 
leadcth tliem, ihaU ftand even by them, commanding 
the firft Ranke to Prefent, and to give fire ixdien he 
findetii it fit, but fo foone as they have given fire 
Acy (hall without any commandment wheele about 
thit Ranke and March in one File unto the reare not 
making ready till they come tfaer^ in the meane fpace 
the foremoft two Rankes bv tiie Pikes (hall advance 
unto the skirmifhers, and the reft proceeding in like 
manner as the firft ranke did, alwayes maintaining 
two Rankes in a readinefle advanced beyond the 
Pikes. 
.^^P«i^ kj Two Files muft alwayes make ready, a Sergema being 

^•'^ at the head of tiie outtermoft File commandeth it to 

prefent to the right or left hand, and having given fire, 
the File fix>ntcth or tumeth as before, and ftanding 
ftill make ready againe : by this time the bringers up 
of the next File will be pafled, the leader of that File 
then muft alwayes prefent (not going foreward but) 
keeping the fame ground they have, and having given 
fire ftand firme, making ready untill the firft FUe be 
drawne up to them, then follow the Troope and fo of 
the reft : if this be ezadly done the skirmifhers will never 
be above the length of one File behind the body of your 
Pikes. 
Skffm^ M tim Is the fame skirmifliing by Ranke in Front, faving 
Rnrt, that in the Reere they onlv prefent by turning their bodies 

alwayes to the right hanc^ and having given fire wheele 
to the right bandfic mardi away into the front. 

The Middlemen muft front or tume to the reere, then 

the 



Certaine necejfary Cau tians. 2^3 

the Ranke prcfent without advancing forward, and 
having given fire, thev wheeic about in Files and all into 
the fpaces of the middle Rankcs, but alwayes keeping 
their diftance of Files and Rankes which they were com- 
manded when they began to skirmifh. 

The Files muft be in open order, the firft Ranke pre- 
fenteth, and having given fire, maketh ready in the fame 
ground, the fecond Ranke paflcth through the fpaces 
of the Ranke, and ftandeth right before it at the appointed 
diftance, prefenteth, and having given fire, itandeth 
firmc, and fo the reft alwayes keeping the Ranke of 
skirmifhers equall with the Pikes. 



I. A LL commandments muft be given in the Front 

aX wherefoever it be, wherefore if the officer in cheife 
will not take the paines to goe thither in perfon let him 
at leaft fend his dire&ion thither by fome inferior 
officer. 

X. Every particular Souldier, muft be inftruded not 
onely unto the performance of thofe things, but unto 
the diftind knowledge and underftanding of them, and 
firft to diftinguifh t File from a Ranke, and to know and 
find his diftance. 

). For the knowledge of their diftance in Files (at 
the moft part the armes of two fide-men on kenbow 
giveth three fecte which is their order, and the armes 
extended at length giveth fixe fcete. 

4. The Leaders, Bringers up, and Middlemen muft 
be particularly inftrud^ in your chamber by which 
meanes your worke will be eafie in the field, for they 
will be able to teach the reft. 

y. Note that in all doublings every thing is undone by 
the contrary hand by that which was done. 

6. In skirmifh let your Musketicrs take their ayme 
little more then knee high. 

7. When 



2 )'4 Certaine necejfary^ Cautions. 

7. When your body of Pikes cfaargeth^ let the halfe 
filcs^ middlemen, or laft five rankes onely Fart their 
Pikes. 

8. In the beginning of your Ezerdfe, fpend at tlie 
leaft one whole weeke in diftance and doubling of Files 
and Rankes, before you pafle unto the more fubtile 
motions, leaft you over charge the memory of be^ 
ginners. 

9* So foone as they can performe any motion perfitly 
ftanding, make them doe the fame marching. 

10. Allow no promptix^ but let every man that 
iaileth be made to vndentand wherein he failed, for 
while you reforme him, you informe all the reft that heare 
you. 

11. Strike no man that erreth of ignorance, nor for 
every negligence, but if he be obftinate then vfe difcreet 
corredion. 

IX. But whofoever maketh noife after (ilence com- 
manded, and will not quickely be reformed, corred him 
either by your owne hand, or by the Smrgemts : if the 
offender be a Gentleman, I hope rq>roofe will be fufficient, 
elfe I leave him to your difcretion. 

I J. When you skirmifii by Files remember to put 
your Rankes in dofe order. 

14^ When you counter-march, Rankes and Files at 
your open order. 

i;. When you wheele, your Rankes and Files at 
three fcete. 



The P^ures of the Mufket. 

I \/t Arch tmtbyomr Musket tmd Heft JhoMrtd. 
a iVl Trepare ymr Reft. 
3 Sisp your Musket. 
if. Fleafe your Musket. 



^Ifyme 



The vfe of the Musket. zfj 

^ loyneyomr Reft Mwd MwsktU 

6 Take out y§mr Match. 

7 Blowyeitr Match. 

8 Cocke yomr Match. 
J Try your Match. 

10 GmardyoMT Pom. 

11 BlowyoMT Match. 
II Open your Fan. 
1} Frefent. 

14 Giue Fhe. 

ly Recover your Mutket. 

16 Fncocke your Match. 

17 Retume your Match. 

18 Cleere your Fan. 
l^ Frime your Fan. 

10 Shut your Fan. 

11 Blow your Fan. 

11 Ci^ rfy^^ ^^^ Comes. 
1} Cafi akout yeur Musket. 
14. Traileyour Reft. 
ly Ofen your Charge. 
x6 Charge your Musket. 

17 Dr<ru; #»/ jmtt Scouring fttcke. 

18 Shorten your Scouring ft icke. 

19 It^OT ^TMrr Fowder. 

30 IVittniraw your fcouring fticke. 

3 1 Shorten your fcouring Bicke, 
jl Retumt your fcouring fticke. 
J J Bring fortusrd your Musket. 

34 Recover your Reft and Musket into ycur frft 
Fofture. 

The Musket being Ordered. 

I shoulder your Musket. 
1 Or^/w- ^airr Musket. 

} Frefare 



2f6 Pofluresfor the Pike. 

3 Vrtprn'tymnr Cocke. 

4 Mike Ready. 

y Frefent. 

6 Gme tyre. 

The vfe of the Musket upon femes, all the former 
Tefiures being reduced into three : m vis^ 

I Make Besdy. 

Which is all untill your Tofm be guarded. 

1 Frefemt. 
J Give Fire. 

Which doth alfo imply the charging of the Mmsket 
a new without any farther diredion. 

A General! note is, that the foiildier muft carefully 
obferue the word of diredion giuen to fulfill all the 
particulars vnto it, and not to goe farther, but upon the 
fame to abide farther diredions. 

Poftures for the Pike. 

/^Rderyour Fykes. 
^<J Advance year Fikes. 

Shoulder year Fikes. 

Charge year Fikes. 

Order year Fykes. 

Trayleyoar Fykes. 

Cheeke your Fykes » 

Charge year Fykes. 

Shoulder your Fykes. 

To the Bight'hand Charge. 

Shoulder your Fykes. 

To the Left'himd Charge. 

Shoulder your Fykes. 

To 



Concerning Fijbing. zjj 

To the Re^re Charge. 
Shoulder : 
Port your Fykes • 
Comporte your Pykes, 
Order your Fykes. 

Chap. XX. 

Concerning Fijhing. 

I Have taken fo much delight in the Art of Angling, 
that I may wcl terme it the honeft and patient mtns 
Recreation, or a Paflimc for all men to recreate them- 
felves at vacant hourcs. 

For Angling there are of diuers kinds, but the mod 
ufefiill are of two, either at the top of the water with 
a Flye, or at the bottome with other btyts. 

But for the defcription of the Anglers Implements I Vm ^wgU rW. 
leave it to their owne difcretion, whether to ufe either 
HayfcU, or Cane, but if with a flye the Hayfell is better, 
for the Cane is to carry for priuacy either in a bagge, 
or framed like a llaff'e to waike with all ; whofe loynts 
doth many times iaile and deceive when a man doth 
ftrike at his baitc. 

For the lyncs they mud be framed according to rhtUmti. 
the Fidi where you Angle; for the fmall Fifli three 
good haircs taken from the ttyle of a good Stone^ 
horfe that is lully and in flefli, for your poore Itdes 
haire is not fo good; but if you come in place where 
great hfh are, you mull iilh with lynes of iixe or eight 
haircs. 

For the floates they are of divers kindes, as fome Hme. 
made of Corke with a quill ; but in my opinion the 
floate made of two Swans quills made one in the other 
fo it take no water, or the Buftards quills, are the 
neatdh 

And 



2 ft CmBumimg Fi/bing. 

Wmi^ And ibr your Hooloes fhej are to be fitted in fize as 

tihe fiOi are cither great or finalL 

Wrnktmi ■ i Tfaos HxTc haTU^ fliewed the neceflary Inftruments 
ippeitainiiig to this hannckflfe and moddd recreation, 
I will fet dovne the baitcs to Angle with, and their 
feafoos; far baits tfaej are of three kinds, which are 
lire baits, dead baits, and artificiall baits, for your live 
baits tbcj are wormes of all kinds, efeecially the red 
wonne, the Miggnt (or lentie), the 00b, the Dorre, 
bvowne fljcs, Frogges, Giafhoroers, Hornet, Wafps, 
Bees, Sttailes, fmaU Roches, Bleakes, Gudgens^ or 
Ijochcs, Mjnnowcs, flee Your dead baits are Paftes of 
aD kinds, joog broods of Wafpes dried or undried, the 
dottcred bbod of Sheepe, Cheefe, Bramble benies, 
Oome^ Seeds, Cherries, and fuch like ; your baits which 
feeme to live, yet are dead, are Flyes of all forts and 
Sbqpes, nude of filke and feathers about the Hookes, 
fitting the feafoos feverally for the times of the yeare, 
which being moved in the water, the Fifh will greedily 
ftrive to devoure. 

For the fcafons, in which thefe baits are to be ufed, 
the red worme will ferve for fmall Fifh all the yeare, 
the Maggot or lentie in luly, the Bobbe and Dorre in 
May, the browne flyes in lune. Frogs in March, Graf- 
hoppers in September, Hornets in luly, Wafpes and 
Bees in lulv, Snailes in Auguft ; for the Roch, Bleake, 
Gudgin and Minnew, they ferve for the Pike and Trout 
at any feafon, all Paftes are good in May, lune and luly, 
dried Wafpes in May: Sheepes Blood and Cheefe in 
Aprill. For Bramble berries, Come and Seedes at the 

of¥ijts. fall of the leafe : for tijcSy thofe for the Troute, the dun 

flye is good in March, the flone flye in ApriU, the red 
and yeSow flyes in May, the blacke and morifli flye in 
lune, the Wafpe and fhell Flye in luly, the dowdy flye 
in Auguft. 

Ftthtmikif^ For the making of thefe flyes the befl way is to take 

f(r»/. the 



Concerning Fi/bing. if 9 

the natural! fiye, and make one fo like it that you may 
have fport : for you muft obferve what flycs haunt the 
waters for feafons of the veare, and to make their like 
with Cottons, Woole, Silke, or feathers to refcmhle the 
Uke. 

You muft not keepe your live baits all together, but Ftrfr^trvn^ 
every kind by it fclfc,and to feed them with Uich things ^^nfUht. 
they delighted in when they had their liberty : and to 
begin with the red Worme you (hall put them in a 
bagge of woollen cloath (if it be red the better) and put 

i^nxmd mode or fcnnell cut fmall in which they will 
coure themfelves, but if you mixc earth that is fat 
and blacke, or Neates dunge they will live the longer : 
For your Maggots or Icntlcs they are fed with Shcepes 
fliuet, or livers of any beafb cut into fmall bits, but to 
fooure them vfe fand, k>ame or brannc, and keepe 
them warme, they will live the longer : for Frogs and 
Grafhoppers wet mofle is beft to keepe them in, and 
when you Angle with the Frogge, cut off their legges 
at the knees, and the Grafhoppers wines ncere the 
body; for other wormcs, as the Bobbe, Cadis-worme, 
Canker or fuch like, you mav keepe them with the 
fame things you take them with : Paft is a made bait F^ f^. 
and there are divers kinds of them : but to make Pafte 
to laft long, you may ufe Beanc flower and thofe parts 
of a Connies legges which are called the Almonds, or 
a yong whelpe, or cat is as good, and put the like 
quantity of Virgins wax and Sheepes (huet, and beate 
them together in a mortar till they become one body, 
then wiUs a little clarifide Hony temper them before the 
fire, and make them into balls, thcfe will keepe long, 
with this you muft baite your booke with: fome ufe 
the purcft white bread they can get and make it into 
Pafte to fifh at the hooke, the courfer Paftes are ufed to 
baite the ground to inticc the Fifh to eather together to 
that place which you Angle in by Singing in fmall 

balls 



s 1 



26o Concerning Fi/bing. 

balls or Pellets of courfer Pafte : thus much for your 
baites. 

Now I have named the baits, it is neceflary to (hew 
Gtu^. what fiih are delighted therewith, as the Gudgin, Roch 

juch, and Dace, which are Fifh of eager bite and fooneft 

*^^*"' deceived, and feede at the redde Worme, lentle or 

Pafte. 

^srpe, ' To Angle for the Carpe your Rod and line muft be 

ftrong, hee is dainty to bite; his times of feeding arc 

early in a morning, or in the evening ; therefore is to 

bee enticed by baiting the ground with courfe pafte j 

the redde Worme he feldome refufeth in March, the 

Cadis in lune, the Grafliopper in luly, Auguft and 

September. 

(htvin. The Chevin and Troutc are taken at the top of the 

Trmte. water with Flyes, Snailes, and Grafhoppers, at the 

bottome with the great redde Worme, 
Ee^e. The Eele and Flounder are two greedy Filh and 

Fimmdgr. y^^ ^^ ^]^q Tcddc Worme, the beft feafon to Angle 

'**^' for Breame is from the latter end of February till 

September, the baits which hee delights in are Wormes 
of all forts, Butter-flyes, greene flyes, pafte of all 
the crummes of white bread, and the brood of 
Wafpes. 
Tinch, The Tench is a Fifh that ever loveth the bottome of 

Rivers, where the Oofe or mudde is thickeft, the beft 
Angling for him is in the height of Summer, for at other 
feafons he bites more fparingly, the baites which delight 
him are paftes very fweet, the browner the better 
being mixt with fiieepes bloud ; alfo at the great red 
Worme. 
Pmh, The Perch biteth at the red Worme about the mid- 

deft of the water. Thus have I briefely fet downe the art 
of Angling, and will conclude with all feafons which 
are naught to Angle in, as the violent heate of the day, 
high Winds, great Raine, Snow and Haile, Thunder, 

Lightning, 



Concerning Fijbing. 261 

Lightning, or any wind that bloweth from the Eaft, 
Land flouds, and thicke waters, the falling of the leaves 
into the water, and fuch like impediments which are 
enemies to Anglers. 



FINIS. 




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